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To understand the relationship between the process-microstructure-mechanical properties of the high-pressure die-casting (HPDC) AE44 magnesium alloy, 3D reconstruction and 2D characterization were carried out on the HPDC castings produced with different process parameters (low slow-shot speed, fast slow-shot speed, solidification pressure). Microstructural characterization revealed that the formation of shrinkage pores are closely related to ESCs, which were mainly controlled by the low slow-shot speed in shot sleeve (ESCs growth time) and fast slow-shot speed into the die cavity (distribution of ESCs). In addition, solidification pressure can significantly reduce the shrinkage porosity in the center by improving the feeding capacity of liquid metal. Tensile fracture revealed that the tearing ridge is mainly evolved from the slip band of ESCs. The quantity and distribution of ESCs determine the fracture mode of castings. The relationship between mechanical properties of castings and the morphology of ESCs and porosity is also statistically discussed.

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the influence of media on college students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAfter the COVID-19 outbreak, we used cross-sectional surveys through online questionnaires to investigate the mental health of college students in lockdown at home. We identified the influencing factors of PTSD symptoms using the Chi-Square test and ordinal logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn 10,989 valid questionnaires, 9,906 college students with no PTSD symptoms, 947 college students with subclinical PTSD symptoms (1–3 items), and 136 college students with four or more PTSD symptoms were screened out. The results showed that media content impacted the mental health of college students in lockdown at home. Positive media content was negatively correlated with PTSD symptoms among college students. PTSD symptoms were not associated with sources of information. Moreover, College students with PTSD symptoms would reduce their willingness to learn and could not complete online learning efficiently.ConclusionPTSD symptoms are related to media exposure and excessive information involvement of COVID-19 in college students, which influences the willingness to attend online classes.

Abstract Objective Little is known about the disease progression of Parkinson's disease patients with subjective cognitive complaint (PD‐SCC). This longitudinal cohort study aims to compare the progression of clinical features and quality of life (QoL) in PD patients with normal cognition (NC), SCC, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods A total of 383 PD patients were enrolled, including 189 PD‐NC patients, 59 PD‐SCC patients, and 135 PD‐MCI patients, with 1–7 years of follow‐up. Linear mixed models were applied to evaluate longitudinal changes in motor symptoms, nonmotor features (cognitive impairment, depression, and excessive daytime sleepiness), and QoL in PD. Results At baseline, PD‐SCC patients had lower Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire‐39 (PDQ‐39) scores than PD‐NC patients (all p

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a fast-growing prevalence. Developing disease-modifying therapies for PD remains an enormous challenge. Current drug treatment will lose efficacy and bring about severe side effects as the disease progresses. Extracts from Ginkgo biloba folium (GBE) have been shown neuroprotective in PD models. However, the complex GBE extracts intertwingled with complicated PD targets hinder further drug development. In this study, we have pioneered using single-nuclei RNA sequencing data in network pharmacology analysis. Furthermore, high-throughput screening for potent drug-target interaction (DTI) was conducted with a deep learning algorithm, DeepPurpose. The strongest DTIs between ginkgolides and MAPK14 were further validated by molecular docking. This work should help advance the network pharmacology analysis procedure to tackle the limitation of conventional research. Meanwhile, these results should contribute to a better understanding of the complicated mechanisms of GBE in treating PD and lay the theoretical ground for future drug development in PD.

Introduction: Mutations in the Parkin gene are the most common cause of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known about the quality of life (QoL) in Parkin-related PD. Here, we investigated the patterns of QoL in newly diagnosed Parkin-related PD patients.Methods: Newly diagnosed PD patients (diagnosis made within 12 months) who had an age of onset (AOO) below 40 and underwent a PD-related genetic testing, were recruited (n = 148). Among them, 24 patients carried bi-allelic variants in Parkin (PD-Parkin) and 24 patients did not have any known causative PD mutations, or risk variants (GU-EOPD). The clinical materials, relevant factors and determinants of QoL were analyzed.Results: PD-Parkin patients had a younger AOO (p = 0.003) and longer disease duration (p = 0.005). After adjustment for AOO and disease duration, more dystonia (p = 0.034), and worse scores of non-motor symptoms including Beck depression inventory (BDI, p = 0.035), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS, p = 0.044), and subdomains of depression/anxiety (p = 0.015) and sleep disorders (p = 0.005) in Non-motor symptoms questionnaire, were found in PD-Parkin comparing with GU-EOPD. PD-Parkin patients had poorer QoL (adjusted p = 0.045), especially in the mobility (adjusted p = 0.025), emotional well-being (adjusted p = 0.015) and bodily discomfort dimensions (adjusted p = 0.016). BDI scores (p = 0.005) and ESS scores (p = 0.047) were significant determinants of QoL in PD-Parkin.Conclusion: Newly diagnosed PD-Parkin patients showed worse QoL. More depression and excessive daytime sleepiness predicted worse QoL. For clinicians, management of depression and excessive daytime sleepiness is suggested to better improve QoL in patients with Parkin mutations.

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present study, we aim to examine the cognitive function of non-demented Parkinson’s disease patients and compare the results between male and female patients as well as control groups in search of any gender effect. Methods Sixty PD Patients (30 males and 30 females) from the Movement Disorders Clinic at Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University were recruited to participate in the study. One hundred age and gender matched control subjects without neurological or psychiatric disorders were voluntarily recruited. The participants were administered measures of cognition in five domains including memory, language, spatial processing abilities, attention and executive function. Results PD patients attained significantly lower scores in the visual spatial function, language and attention/executive function compared with the control group. Anti-parkinsonian treated patients performed worse in Rey-copy score, Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and Verbal Fluency-City than untreated ones. In regard to gender differences, though no general cognitive differences were found in Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), men surpassed women on Boston naming test (BNT) while women were superior on Auditory Verbal Learning Test-long (AVLT) delayed cued recall test. Conclusions Cognitive impairments were common in PD patients even in the absence of dementia. PD patients with anti-parkinsonian medication had worse cognitive impairment than untreated patients. Genders may have different manifestations of cognitive impairment in PD patients.

Heat transfer at the metal-die interface has a great influence on the solidification process and casting structure. As thin-wall components are extensively produced by high pressure die casting process (HPDC), the B390 alloy finger-plate casting was cast against an H13 steel die on a cold-chamber HPDC machine. The interfacial heat transfer behavior at different positions of the die was carefully studied using an inverse approach based on the temperature measurements inside the die. Furthermore, the filling process and the solidification rate in different finger-plates were also given to explain the distribution of interfacial heat flux (q) and interfacial heat transfer coefficient (h). Measurement results at the side of sprue indicates that qmax and hmax could reach 9.2 MW昺-2 and 64.3 kW昺-2昁-1, respectively. The simulation of melt flow in the die reveals that the thinnest (T1) finger plate could accelerate the melt flow from 50 m晄-1 to 110 m晄-1. Due to this high velocity, the interfacial heat flux at the end of T1 could firstly reach a highest value 7.92 MW昺-2 among the ends of Tn (n=2,3,4,5). In addition, the qmax and hmax values of T2, T4 and T5 finger-plates increase with the increasing thickness of the finger plate. Finally, at the rapid decreasing stage of interfacial heat transfer coefficient (h), the decreasing rate of h has an exponential relationship with the increasing rate of solid fraction (f).

To predict the heat transfer behavior of A380 alloy in a shot sleeve, a numerical approach (inverse method) is used and validated by high pressure die casting (HPDC) experiment under non-shooting condition. The maximum difference between the measured and calculated temperature profiles is smaller than 3 ℃, which suggests that the inverse method can be used to predict the heat transfer behavior of alloys in a shot sleeve. Furthermore, the results indicate an increase in maximum interfacial heat flux density (qmax) and heat transfer coefficient (hmax) with an increase in sleeve filling ratio, especially at the pouring zone (S2 zone). In addition, the values of initial temperature (TIDS) and maximum shot sleeve surface temperature (Tsimax) at the two end zones (S2 and S10) are higher than those at the middle zone (S5). Moreover, in comparison with fluctuations in heat transfer coefficient (h) with time at the two end zones (S2 and S10), 2.4-6.5 kW·m-2·K-1, 3.5-12.5 kW·m-2·K-1, respectively, more fluctuations are found at S5 zone, 2.1-14.7 kW·m-2·K-1. These differences could theoretically explain the formation of the three zones: smooth pouring zone, un-smooth middle zone and smooth zone, with different morphologies in the metal log under the non-shot casting condition. Finally, our calculations also reveal that the values of qmax and hmax cast at 680 ℃ are smaller than those cast at 660 ℃ and at 700 ℃.

Aphidius gifuensis is one of the most important aphid natural enemies and has been successfully used to control Myzys persicae and other aphid species. High temperature in summer is one of the key barriers for the application of A. gifuensis in the field and greenhouse. In this work, we investigated the biological performance of A. gifuensis and the response of heat-shock proteins and antioxidant enzymes under high temperature. The results showed that A. gifuensis could not survive at 40°C and female exhibited a higher survival in 35°C. Furthermore, the short term exposure to high temperature negatively affected the performance of A. gifuensis especially parasitism efficiency. Under short-term heating, the expression of AgifsHSP, Agifl(2)efl, AgifHSP70, AgifHSP70-4 and AgifHSP90 showed an increased trend, whereas AgifHSP10 initially increased and then decreased. In 35°C, the expressions of Agifl(2)efl, AgifHSP70-4 and AgifHSP90 in female were higher than those in male, whereas the expression of AgifHSP70 exhibited an opposite trend. Besides the HSPs, we also quantified the expression levels of 11 antioxidant enzyme genes: AgifPOD, AgifSOD1, AgifSOD2, AgifSOD3, AgifCAT1, AgifCAT2, AgifGST1, AgifGST2, AgifGST3, AgifGST4 and AgifGST5. We found that the sex-specific expression of AgifSOD2, AgifSOD3, AgifPOD, AgifGST1 and AgifGST3 were highly consistent with sex-specific heat shock survival rates at 35°C. Furthermore, when the temperature was above 30°C, the activities of GST, SOD, CAT and POD were significantly increased; however, there was no significant difference of the CAT activity between the male and female at 35°C. Collectively, all of these results suggested that the protection of thermal damage is coordinated by HSPs and antioxidant enzymes in A. gifuensis. Based on the heat tolerance abilities of many aphid natural enemies, we also discussed an integrated application strategy of many aphid enemies in summer.

Creepage discharges on oil impregnated pressboard is one of the most dangerous transformer insulation fault, which can cause the gas action even transformer housing cracking accident. “White spot” is creepage important phenomena in the process of insulation board along the surface, so it is necessary to study the insulation board along the surface of creepage “white spot” in the process of growth characteristics. This paper set up a insulating paper along the surface of creepage “white spot” in the process of growth characteristics of observation platform. Numerical example was calculated under different aging degree creepage cardboard along the surface of the “white spot” in the process of change, statistics and analysis of the “white spot” length, angle and size variation, which is very practical to the production practice.

The title molecule, C12H16N2O5, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains in [001], and weak intermolecular C—H...O interactions further link the chains into corrugated layers parallel to the bc plane.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H11N3O2·0.25H2O, contains two independent organic molecules and a water molecule, which lies on a twofold rotation axis. The side chains of the two molecules have slightly different orientations, the C=N—N—C torsion angle being −163.03 (15)° in one and −177.52 (14)° in the other, with each adopting a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains extending along b by N—H...O, O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds and in addition, four intermolecular C—H...π interactions are present.

In the title compound, C10H12N2O3·H2O, the Schiff base molecule is approximately planar [within 0.189 (1) Å]. The interplanar angle between the benzene and acetohydrazide planes is 8.50 (10)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by strong and weak O—H...O and strong N—H...O hydrogen bonds. The hydroxy H atom deviates from the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl mean plane by 0.319 (2) Å, probably due to the involvement of this H atom in the O—H...O hydrogen bond. The weak O—H...O hydrogen bond is involved in a bifurcated hydrogen bond with R12(4) motif. A weak C—H...π interaction is also present.

The title compound, C11H15N3O, crystallizes with two independent molecules per asymmetric unit which differ slightly in their side-chain orientations: the C=N—N—C torsion angle is −176.2 (3)° in one of the molecules and −179.83 (3)° in the other. Each independent molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The two independent molecules are related by a pseudo-inversion center and they exist as a N—H...O hydrogen-bonded dimer. The dimers are linked into zigzag chains along [100] by C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C10H12N2O3, crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit which differ in the orientation of the methoxy group. Each independent molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into chains running along [001] by N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds. In addition, an intermolecular C—H...π interaction is observed.

In the title compound, C9H10N2O3, the Schiff base molecule is approximately planar, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the acetohydrazide group (r.m.s. deviation = 0.034 Å) being 8.81 (7)°. An intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by O—H...O, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title molecule, C7H8N2O2, the acetohydrazide group is planar within 0.014 (2) Å and forms a dihedral angle of 5.35 (8)° with the furan ring. The molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a chain along the a axis by N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title molecule, C10H12N2O2, the acetohydrazide group is planar within 0.012 (1) Å and forms a dihedral angle of 5.25 (8)° with the benzene ring. The methoxy group is coplanar with the attached benzene ring [C—O—C—C = 0.1 (2)°]. The molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by N—H...O hydrogen bonds and these dimers are linked into a ribbon-like structure along [110] by C—H...O hydrogen bonds. In addition, an intermolecular C—H...π interaction is observed.

In the title compound, C9H10N2O2·H2O, the molecular skeleton of the acetohydrazide molecule is nearly planar [within 0.014 (1) Å]. The molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond, while the side chain is slightly twisted away from the attached ring, forming a dihedral angle of 9.975 (8)°. The crystal packing exhibits a three-dimensional network composed from alternating acetohydrazide molecules and uncoordinated water molecules, which interact via N—H...O, O—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds. A C—H...π interaction is also present.

In the title molecule, C11H14N2O3, the acetohydrazide group is planar 0.084 (1) Å and forms a dihedral angle of 19.7 (1)° with the benzene ring. One of the methoxy groups is coplanar with the attached benzene ring within 0.052 (3) Å, whereas the other is slightly twisted [C—O—C—C = 6.3 (3)°]. The molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. In the crystal, the molecules are linked into chains along the a axis by N—H...O hydrogen bonds and the chains are cross-linked into a three-dimensional network by C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C9H10N2O3·H2O, the Schiff base molecule is approximately planar, the dihedral angle between the benzene and acetohydrazide planes being 5.40 (7)°. An intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100) by O—H...O, N—H...O, O—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, and by π–π interactions between symmetry-related benzene rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.543 (2) Å].

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H14N2O3, contains two independent molecules with close conformations; the C=N—N—C torsion angle is 176.4 (1)° in both molecules. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains running along the [01overline{1}] direction.

The molecule of the title compound, C10H12N2O4, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the methyl hydrazinecarboxylate plane is 3.01 (6)°. An intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (10overline{1}) by O—H...O, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C10H12N2O4, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. The non-H atoms of the molecule are essentially coplanar, with a maximum deviation of 0.015 (2) Å. An intramolecular O—H...N interaction is observed. In the crystal structure, the molecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to the ac plane by N—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the methoxy O atom and by two C—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the carbonyl O atom. In addition, an intermolecular C—H...π interaction is observed.

In the title compound, C8H10N2O3, the hydrazinecarboxylate group is twisted from the furan ring by 6.98 (17)°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked into one-dimensional chains running along the c axis by N—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, C10H12N2O4, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The hydrazinecarboxylate group is twisted from the benzene ring by 6.62 (5)° and an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond occurs. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to (100) by O—H...O, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. In addition, weak C—H...π interactions are observed.

The title compound, C10H12N2O3, crystallizes with two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The side chains in the two independent molecules have slightly different orientations, with the C=N—N—C torsion angle being 169.19 (14)° in one of the molecules and −179.86 (14)° in the other. Each independent molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into chains running along [001] by N—H...O, N—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds. In addition, an intermolecular C—H...π interaction is observed.

The molecule of the title compound, C12H16N2O5, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene and hydrazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester planes is 12.55 (7)°. The molecules are linked into a chain along [001] by intermolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds, and the chains are cross-linked into a two-dimensional zigzag structure by C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The molecule of the title compound, C13H18N2O5, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the hydrazinecarboxylic acid plane is 49.75 (5)° and an intramolecular C—H...O interaction occurs. In the crystal structure, the molecules are linked into a chain along [010] by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, and a C—H...π contact further stabilizes the structure.

In the title compound, C2H7N2O2+·Cl−·H2O, the non-H atoms of the cation are approximately coplanar. The organic cations, chloride ions and water molecules are linked into a two-dimensional network parallel to the bc plane by N—H...O, N—H...Cl and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds.

The molecule of the title compound, C12H16N2O3, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the hydrazinecarboxylate plane is 13.82 (6)°. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, and the dimers are linked together by C—H...π interactions.

The title compound, C7H8N2O3, crystallizes with two independent but essentially identical molecules in the asymmetric unit. Each molecule adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The hydrazinecarboxylate group is twisted from the furan ring by 7.78 (13)° in one molecule and by 7.01 (17)° in the other. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into chains running along [010] by bifurcated N—H...(N,O) and N—H...O hydrogen bonds. In addition, weak C—H...O interactions and an O...C short contact [2.896 (3) Å] are observed.

The title molecule, C11H14N2O2, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the hydrazinecarboxylate plane is 7.61 (16)°. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by N—H...O hydrogen bonds and the dimers are linked together by C—H...π interactions.

The title compound, C10H12N2O3, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the hydrazine carboxylic acid plane is 8.29 (7)°. Molecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by N—H...O, O—H...O, O—H...N hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions.

The molecule of the title compound, C11H14N2O3, adopts a trans configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the hydrazinecarboxylate plane is 12.06 (9)°. Molecules are linked into a one-dimensional network by N—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions. The benzene rings of inversion-related molecules are stacked with their centroids separated by 3.777 (1) Å, indicating π–π interactions.

The title compound, (C4H7N4O)2[Bi2Cl9(C4H7N4O)]·H2O, was prepared by the reaction of bismuth trichloride and 5-amino-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide in a dilute HCl medium. The asymmetric unit contains two 5-amino-4-aminocarbonyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium cations, one edge-shared non-centrosymmetric bioctahedral [Bi2C19(C4H7N4O)]2− dianion and a water molecule. In the dianion, the planar 5-amino-4-aminocarbonyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium ligand occupies an equatorial site and is inclined at an angle of 75.7 (2)° to the Bi2(μ-C1)2 plane. The salt forms a three-dimensional network arising from hydrogen bonds between cations, anions and water molecules.