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Invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells is an important cause of death in breast cancer patients. In the tumor microenvironment, M2 polarization of macrophages can promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. OVOL2 is an evolutionarily conserved transcription regulator, but its effect in macrophages has not been described previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OVOL2 on macrophage polarity and the role of these effects in the tumor metastasis. We found that overexpression of OVOL2 in macrophages significantly inhibited M2 polarization and thus inhibits breast cancer metastasis. We propose a novel mechanism in which OVOL2 inhibits M2 polarization of macrophages and thus reduces their ability to induce invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. By shedding new light on the regulation of metastasis in cancers, our study provides a new strategy for the targeted therapy of cancer.

BACKGROUND The ideal depth of general anesthesia should achieve the required levels of hypnosis, analgesia, and muscle relaxation while minimizing physiologic responses to awareness. The choice of anesthetic strategy in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing major noncardiac surgery is becoming an increasingly important issue as the population ages. This is because general anesthesia is associated with a risk of perioperative cardiac complications and death, and this risk is much higher in people with CHD. AIM To compare hemodynamic function and cardiovascular event rate between etomidate- and propofol-based anesthesia in patients with CHD. METHODS This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade II/III) with stable CHD (New York Heart Association class I/II) undergoing major noncardiac surgery. The patients were randomly allocated to receive either etomidate/remifentanil-based or propofol/remifentanil-based general anesthesia. Randomization was performed using a computer-generated random number table and sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Concealment was maintained until the patient had arrived in the operating theater, at which point the consulting anesthetist opened the envelope. All patients, data collectors, and data analyzers were blinded to the type of anesthesia used. The primary endpoints were the occurrence of cardiovascular events (bradycardia, tachycardia, hypotension, ST-T segment changes, and ventricular premature beats) during anesthesia and cardiac troponin I level at 24 h. The secondary endpoints were hemodynamic parameters, bispectral index, and use of vasopressors during anesthesia. RESULTS The final analysis included 40 patients in each of the propofol and etomidate groups. The incidences of bradycardia, hypotension, ST-T segment changes, and ventricular premature beats during anesthesia were significantly higher in the propofol group than in the etomidate group (P < 0.05 for all). The incidence of tachycardia was similar between the two groups. Cardiac troponin I levels were comparable between the two groups both before the induction of anesthesia and at 24 h after surgery. When compared with the etomidate group, the propofol group had significantly lower heart rates at 3 min after the anesthetic was injected (T1) and immediately after tracheal intubation (T2), lower systolic blood pressure at T1, and lower diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure at T1, T2, 3 min after tracheal intubation, and 5 min after tracheal intubation (P < 0.05 for all). Vasopressor use was significantly more in the propofol group than in the etomidate group during the induction and maintenance periods (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In patients with CHD undergoing noncardiac major surgery, etomidate-based anesthesia is associated with fewer cardiovascular events and smaller hemodynamic changes than propofol-based anesthesia.

Motivated by a technique of scale-splitting for matrix, we put forward a quasi shift-splitting (named after QSS) iteration method to address a class of large scale sparse saddle point problems, this novel method also naturally leads to the corresponding QSS-preconditioner. In addition, an extrapolated variant of QSS (named after EQSS) iteration method is constructed. Further, some useful convergence properties of the QSS and EQSS iteration methods and spectral properties of QSS-preconditioner are studied. Finally, a saddle point equations stem from model Navier–Stokes problem is supplied to illustrate the effectiveness of our new two methods and QSS-preconditioner.

Background Trimetazidine (TMZ) pretreatment protects cardiomyocytes during cardiac surgery. TMZ may protect elderly patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (registration #ChiCTR1900025018) of patients with IHD scheduled to undergo non-cardiac surgery at Shenzhen People’s Hospital (Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China) between June 2014 and September 2015, randomized to 60 mg TMZ or placebo 12 h before surgery. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of in-hospital cardiovascular events. The secondary endpoints were myocardial ischaemia on five-lead electrocardiogram (cECG), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) elevation, cardiac death, acute coronary events, heart failure, and arrhythmia requiring treatments. Results Compared with the placebo group, the TMZ group showed a lower occurrence of in-hospital cardiovascular events (primary endpoint, 20.0% vs. 37.5%, P = 0.02), myocardial ischaemia (15.0% vs. 32.5%, P P P P P Conclusions In elderly patients with IHD undergoing non-cardiac surgery, TMZ pretreatment was associated with myocardial protective effects. Trial registration The trial was prospectively registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=41909 with registration number [ChiCTR1900025018] (7/8/2019).

There has been interest in the use of nonintubated techniques for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in both awake and sedated patients. The authors’ centre developed a nonintubated technique with spontaneous ventilation for use in a patient under general anaesthesia using a phrenic nerve block. This treatment was compared with a case-matched control group. The authors believe that this technique is beneficial for optimizing anaesthesia for patients undergoing VATS. The patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to the phrenic nerve block (PNB) group and the control group. Both groups of patients received a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) that was inserted after anaesthetic induction, which permitted spontaneous ventilation and local anaesthesia in the forms of a paravertebral nerve block, a PNB and a vagal nerve block. However, the patients in the PNB group underwent procedures with 2% lidocaine, whereas saline was used in the control group. The primary outcome included the propofol doses. Secondary outcomes included the number of propofol boluses, systolic blood pressure (SBP), pH values of arterial blood gas and lactate (LAC), length of LMA pulled out, length of hospital stay (length of time from the operation to the time of discharge) and complications after 1 month. Intraoperatively, there were increases in lactate (F = 12.31, P = 0.001) in the PNB group. There was less propofol (49.20 ± 8.73 vs. 57.20 ± 4.12, P = 0.000), fewer propofol boluses (P = 0.002), a lower pH of arterial blood gas (F = 7.98, P = 0.006) and shorter hospital stays (4.10 ± 1.39 vs. 5.40 ± 1.22, P = 0.000) in the PNB group. There were no statistically significant differences in the length of the LMA pulled out, SBP or complications after 1 month between the groups. PNB optimizes the anaesthesia of nonintubated VATS.

BACKGROUND Volatile anesthesia possesses cardioprotective properties, and it is widely used in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, but no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are available on the use of sevoflurane-remifentanil versus propofol-remifentanil anesthesia for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) during noncardiac surgery. This study was designed to compare the 2 different types of general anesthesia in patients with CAD undergoing noncardiac surgery at a single center. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with CAD undergoing noncardiac surgery were enrolled in an RCT conducted between March 2016 and December 2017. The participants were randomized to receive either sevoflurane-remifentanil or propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. The primary endpoint was occurrence of in-hospital cardiovascular events. The secondary endpoints included delirium, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), in-hospital morbidity and mortality, and hospital LOS. RESULTS A total of 164 participants completed the study (sevoflurane: 81; propofol: 83). The occurrence of in-hospital cardiovascular events did not differ between the 2 groups (42.6% vs 39.4%, P=0.86). The occurrence of delirium did not differ between the 2 groups after the operation. PONV had a higher frequency after sevoflurane anesthesia at 48 h compared with propofol. In-hospital morbidity and mortality, ICU LOS, and hospital LOS were similar between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). At 30 days after surgery, no between-group differences in cardiac morbidity and mortality were observed. CONCLUSIONS In this study, anesthesia using sevoflurane-remifentanil did not provide additional postoperative cardioprotection in comparison with propofol-remifentanil in patients with CAD undergoing noncardiac surgery.

The flow stress behavior of spray-formed Al-9Mg-1.1Li-0.5Mn alloy was studied using thermal simulation tests on a Gleeble-3500 machine over deformation temperature range of 300-450 °C and strain rate of 0.01-10 s−1. The microstructural evolution of the alloy during the hot compression process was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron back scatter diffractometry (EBSD). The results show that the flow stress behavior and microstructural evolution are sensitive to deformation parameters. The peak stress level, steady flow stress, dislocation density and amount of substructures of the alloy increase with decreasing deformation temperature and increasing strain rate. Conversely, the high angle grain boundary area increases, the grain boundary is in serrated shape and the dynamic recrystallization in the alloy occurs. The microstructure of the alloy is fibrous-like and the main softening mechanism is dynamic recovery during steady deformation state. The flow stress behavior can be represented by the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z in the hyperbolic sine equation with the hot deformation activation energy of 184.2538 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation and the hot processing map were established. The hot processing map exhibits that the optimum processing conditions for Al-9Mg-1.1Li-0.5Mn alloy are in deformation temperature range from 380 to 450 °C and strain rate range from 0.01 to 0.1 s−1.

The hot deformation behavior of pure nickel with coarse, columnar grains in the temperature range of 950–1150 °C at intervals of 50 °C and in the strain rate range of 0.001–10.000 s−1 at intervals of one order of magnitude was investigated by isothermal hot compressive testing with the compression ratio of 70%. The results reveal that the strain rate and the temperature strongly affect the flow stress during hot deformation and that flow stress increases with the increase in strain rate while decreases with temperature increasing. Moreover, the relationship among flow stress, strain rate and temperature can be represented by the Zener–Hollomon parameter with the calculated apparent activation energy of 312.403 kJ·mol−1, and the variation of activation energy is sensitive to strain rate rather than temperature. In addition, the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) analysis reveals that the DRX behavior of nickel is evidently affected by both deformation temperature and strain rate and that the distinct mechanisms of nucleation are the bulging of serrated grain boundaries and the development of twinning.

The authors introduced major geographic data management platform ARCGIS, and developed city major fire extinguishing rescue decision support system based on GIS, by using ArcGIS Engine and VB, according to a large number of decision support system and fire fighting rescue strength model advanced. City major fire extinguishing rescue decision support system based on GIS is integrated with several functions, including layer management, query, fire analysis, fire force calculation, and dynamic visualization plan of fire fighting and rescue. This paper mainly introduced the system function, system design and system implementation.

Regioselective undecylenoylation of purine nucleosides as potential dual prodrugs was achieved by Candida antarctica lipase B using adenosine as a model reactant. The optimum organic solvent, molar ratio of vinyl ester to nucleoside, enzyme dosage, reaction temperature and molecular sieve amount were anhydrous THF, 5:1, 20 U/ml, 45°C and 75 mg/ml, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the initial reaction rate, yield and 5′-regioselectivity were 1.1 mM/h, 90% and >99%, respectively. The enzymatic acylation of various nucleosides furnished the desired 5′-ester derivatives with the yields of 60–95% and 5′-regioselectivities of >99%. In addition, the lipase displayed excellent operational stability in THF, and retained 96% of its initial activity after reused for five batches.

Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline-derived alkaloid isolated from Rhizoma coptidis, exerts cardioprotective effects. Because endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a pivotal role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R)-induced apoptosis, it was interesting to examine whether the protective effects of BBR resulted from modulating ER stress levels during MI/R injury, and to define the signaling mechanisms in this process.Male rats were treated with BBR (200 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1), ig) for 2 weeks, and then subjected to MI/R surgery. Cardiac dimensions and function were assessed using echocardiography. Myocardial infarct size and apoptosis was examined. Total serum LDH levels and CK activities, superoxide production, MDA levels and the antioxidant SOD activities in heart tissue were determined. An in vitro study was performed on cultured rat embryonic myocardium-derived cells H9C2 exposed to simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SIR). The expression of apoptotic, ER stress-related and signaling proteins were assessed using Western blot analyses.Pretreatment with BBR significantly reduced MI/R-induced myocardial infarct size, improved cardiac function, and suppressed myocardial apoptosis and oxidative damage. Furthermore, pretreatment with BBR suppressed MI/R-induced ER stress, evidenced by down-regulating the phosphorylation levels of myocardial PERK and eIF2α and the expression of ATF4 and CHOP in heart tissues. Pretreatment with BBR also activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in heart tissues, and co-treatment with AG490, a specific JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor, blocked not only the protective effects of BBR, but also the inhibition of BBR on MI/R-induced ER stress. In H9C2 cells, treatment with BBR (50 μmol/L) markedly reduced SIR-induced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and ER stress, which were abolished by transfection with JAK2 siRNA.BBR ameliorates MI/R injury in rats by activating the AK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and attenuating ER stress-induced apoptosis.

Enzymatic regioselective acylation of pyrimidine nucleosides was mediated by immobilized lipase from Penicillium expansum in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), a bio-solvent derived from biomass. Despite of the moderate dissolution ability of MeTHF toward nucleosides, the initial enzymatic reaction rate was much higher in this eco-friendly solvent than in other commonly used organic solvents. This could be explained by the lower apparent activation energy of the enzymatic reaction (24.5 vs. 43.3–57.1 kJ/mol) and the higher catalytic efficiency of the enzyme ( V max / K m , 5.8 vs. 1.1–2.9 h −1 ) in MeTHF. The enzymatic acylation of a group of ribonucleosides afforded the desirable 5′-esters with the conversions of 96–99% and 5′-regioselectivities of 96 to >99%. In enzymatic acylation of 2′-deoxynucleosides, however, 5′-regioselectivities showed a clear dependence on the 5-substituents present in the base moiety although the substrate conversions reached >98% within 1–3 h. In the cases of 2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside analogs, the reaction rate decreased markedly due to the lack of 3′-hydroxyl.

2-Methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), a biomass-derived compound, is a promising medium for biocatalysis and organometallic reactions. The regioselective acylation of 8-chloroadenosine (8-Cl-Ado) and its analogs was carried out in MeTHF with immobilized Penicillium expansum lipase. The lipase displayed more than twofold higher catalytic activity and much better thermostability in MeTHF than in other organic solvents and co-solvent systems. The optimum reaction medium, enzyme dosage, molar ratio of viny ester to nucleoside and reaction temperature for the enzymatic acylation of 8-Cl-Ado were MeTHF, 25 U/mL, 7.5 and 35 °C, respectively, under which the desirable 5′- O -undecylenoyl-8-Cl-Ado was obtained with a yield of 95% and a regioselectivity of >99% in 3 h. In addition, the lipase catalyzed regioselective undecylenoylation of other purine nucleosides, producing 5′-undecylenic acid esters with moderate to high yields (63–94%) and excellent 5′-regioselectivities (94–>99%). Use of biomass-derived solvents might open up novel opportunities for sustainable and greener biocatalytic processes.

The system of arms information extraction based on the ontology, consists of two parts: knowledge base, processing program. It realizes the arms category determination based on text categorization, and realizes the arms object determination based on named entity recognition. It realizes the information extraction according to information extraction rules based on syntax and semantic constraint. It realizes the information integration in semantic level to some extent based on the ontology.