Search

The pineal tumor was once considered as a restricted area for surgery. Such cases are rare, with many different opinions on surgical treatment.This study aimed to review our experience of tumor treatment in the pineal region and explore the optimal treatment strategy.The clinical data of 72 patients with pineal tumors from January 1997 to May 2015 (18 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative preparation, pathology types, tumor resection rate, surgical approach, and follow-up outcomes were used as the indicators to evaluate the treatment efficacy.The Krause approach was used in 46 cases, the Poppen approach in 10 cases, and the transcallosal-lateral ventricle-choroid fissure approach in 16 cases. The postoperative pathological results were as follows: 24 cases of germinoma, 11 of teratoma, 15 of glioma, 6 of meningioma, 11 of Pineocytoma, 2 of cholesteatoma, 2 of cavernous hemangioma, and 1 of choriocarcinoma. Further, the study included 64 cases of total surgical resections, 8 of subtotal resections, and 2 deaths. The follow-up period was from 7 months to 10 years. Further, 51 (70.8%) patients were followed up. The multivariate regression model showed that the surgical method and the pathological type contributed significantly to predicting outcomes.The type of pathology, extent of excision, and surgical approach had a significant impact on the prognosis of patients. The transcallosal-lateral ventricle-choroid fissure approach for large and medium-sized pineal tumors near the posterior part of the third ventricle had good efficacy.

High nitrate (NO3−) in vegetables, especially in leaf vegetables poses threaten to human health. Selenium (Se) is an important element for maintaining human health, and exogenous Se application during vegetable and crop production is an effective way to prevent Se deficiency in human bodies. Exogenous Se shows positive function on plant growth and nutrition uptake under abiotic and/or biotic stresses. However, the influence of exogenous Se on NO3− accumulation in hydroponic vegetables is still not clear. In the present study, hydroponic lettuce plants were subjected to six different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 5, 10 and 50 µmol L−1) of Se as Na2SeO3. The effects of Se on NO3− content, plant growth, and photosynthetic capacity of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were investigated. The results showed that exogenous Se positively decreased NO3− content and this effect was concentration-dependent. The lowest NO3− content was obtained under 0.5 µmol L−1 Se treatment. The application of Se enhanced photosynthetic capacity by increasing the photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cs) and the transpiration efficiency (Tr) of lettuce. The transportation and assimilation of NO3− and activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes in lettuce were also analysed. The NO3− efflux in the lettuce roots was markedly increased, but the efflux of NO3− from the root to the shoot was decreased after treated with exogenous Se. Moreover, Se application stimulated NO3− assimilation by enhancing nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase enzyme (GOGAT) activities. These results provide direct evidence that exogenous Se shows positive function on decreasing NO3− accumulation via regulating the transport and enhancing activities of nitrogen metabolism enzyme in lettuce. We suggested that 0.5 µmol L−1 Se can be used to reduce NO3− content and increase hydroponic lettuce yield.

Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (pDPN) is a debilitating complication of diabetes. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the effectiveness of a Chinese herbal medicine regimen—the modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction (HGWD)—in the treatment of moderate-severe pDPN. The primary objective was to estimate the improvement in neuropathic pain severity. The secondary objective was to assess the response of common symptoms to the treatment. The change in patients’ blood glucose level during the whole treatment was also evaluated. By searching through our medical records of all the diabetic patients from January 2006 to January 2012, we identified and enrolled 30 moderate and severe pDPN patients in the study, for whom the treatment of neuropathic pain by regular pharmacotherapies had failed. The modified HGWD treatment was administered orally twice a day for 6 months. The numerical rating scale (NRS) level at month 6 was 2.57±2.30, significantly improved compared with the baseline level of 6.03±1.83 (P<0.05). The amelioration of 3 common symptoms, namely, limb pain, limb numbness, and insomnia, was evident, and the major response of common symptoms at month 6 including limb pain, insomnia, and limb coldness was significantly increased compared with the results at month 3 (P<0.05). Moreover, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) level decreased from 10.77±1.29 mmol/L at baseline to 9.66±0.60 mmol/L at month 6 (P<0.05). No serious adverse events occurred throughout the treatment period. The modified HGWD was effective in the treatment of moderate and severe pDPN and can thus be offered as a new alternative treatment option for pDPN patients who failed to respond to regular pharmaceutical therapies.

Phytochemicals in vegetables are important for human health, and their biosynthesis, metabolism and accumulation are affected by environmental factors. Light condition (light quality, light intensity and photoperiod) is one of the most important environmental variables in regulating vegetable growth, development and phytochemical accumulation, particularly for vegetables produced in controlled environments. With the development of light-emitting diode (LED) technology, the regulation of light environments has become increasingly feasible for the provision of ideal light quality, intensity and photoperiod for protected facilities. In this review, the effects of light quality regulation on phytochemical accumulation in vegetables produced in controlled environments are identified, highlighting the research progress and advantages of LED technology as a light environment regulation tool for modifying phytochemical accumulation in vegetables.

Introduction Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is regarded as one of the Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that progress slowly. It gradually became understood since 1970s. The onset usually appears in adulthood, the islet autoantibodies are positive and the function of β cell is declined rapidly. The treatment is insulin injection. Case presentation The case reported followed is a 37-year-old male patient who was newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. He abandoned oral hypoglycemic agents since they caused stomach indisposed. Before visiting, his islet autoantibodies were detected positive and he had never injected insulin before. We treated him with traditional Chinese herbals under the guidance of Traditional Chinese Medicine and differentiation, and achieved fine efficacy. Conclusion Because the initial presentation of LADA is similar to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and examination is not in common use, misdiagnosis is not rare. Once LADA is diagnosed, the therapy must be adjusted. This case report indicated that Traditional Chinese Medicine might be an alternative treatment for LADA.

Purple lettuce was grown hydroponically under six different nitrogen nutrition conditions, with NO(3-)-N:NH(4+)-N at 1:0, 4:1 and 1:1 combined with nitrogen application levels of 10 and 15 mmol · L(-1), for 25 days in solar greenhouse, then treated with short-term continuous lighting (SCL) before harvest to study the changes in contents of nutrients and analyze the effects of nitrogen nutrition conditions on the changes. Results showed that the shoot dry mass of all six nitrogen nutrition conditions were significantly improved under SCL treatment, by 35.1% at least, and the root dry mass increased greatly except for NO(3-)-N:NH(4+)-N 1:1 combined with nitrogen application level 15 mmol · L(-1) treatment and NO(3-)-N:NH(4+)-N 1:0 combined with nitrogen application level 10 mmol · L(-1) treatment. The relative contents of total phenols and flavonoid of different nitrogen nutrition conditions turned significantly different after treatment with SCL. The relative contents of total phenols and flavonoid were enhanced with the improvement of ammonium nitrogen ratio, while the relative content of anthocyanin increased and then decreased with the improvement of ammonium nitrogen ratio. The lighting treatment reduced the nitrate content of leaf blade of all six nitrogen nutrition conditions remarkably by 23.2% at least. The contents of ascorbic acid, soluble sugar and soluble protein rose significantly under SCL treatments. The study showed that the reduction of nitrate content speeded up with the enhancement of nitrogen application level and ammonium nitrogen ratio, and the advancement of ascorbic acid content slowed down with the increasing nitrogen application level. The soluble sugar improvement speed increased with the increasing ammonium nitrogen ratio, and SCL lifted the dry mass of the lettuce greatly. The results showed that SCL with LED lamps improved significantly the dry matter of lettuce under different nitrogen nutrition conditions, reduced the nitrate content and increased the ascorbic acid, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents greatly. In addition, nitrogen nutrition conditions affected the effectiveness of short-term continuous lighting on quality improvement rate of hydroponic lettuce remarkably.

Nowadays, off-season leafy vegetables are generally characterized by low vitamin C (Vc) content and high nitrate accumulation due to low light intensity inner protected systems and high-level nitro...

A glasshouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of five days’ treatment before harvest with various light intensities and seven hydroponic solutions on nitrate reduction in lettuce. The results showed that SPAD of new and expanded leaves were elevated by most of the hydroponic solutions under shading compared with the full nutrient solution, while no effect was demonstrated under non-shading. Additionally, lettuces under non-shading presented slightly higher leaf SPAD than those under shading. Nitrate concentrations of lettuce new leaves, expanded leaves and petiole were lowered significantly by all hydroponic solutions under shading and non-shading conditions compared with the full nutrient solution. Under non-shading, the efficiencies of seven hydroponic solutions varied largely, but no efficiency differences were showed under shading. N-free solution, 0.75 mM potassium sulphate solution and 5×10−5 mM ammonium molybdate solution functioned more efficiently in reducing nitrate c...

Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of chronic renal failure. Recently, Euonymus alatus showed therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetes and its chronic complications. In this study, effects of Euonymus alatus and its mechanism in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy were investigated. Diabetic nephropathy was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by uninephrectomy plus streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Euonymus alatus and irbesartan, as a positive control, were lavaged to these rats for 12 weeks. Our data showed that Euonymus alatus was efficient in lowering HbA1c, improving blood lipids, decreasing 24 h urine protein and protecting kidney function. Pathological studies found kidney damage, including extracellular matrix expansion and glomerulosclerosis, were improved by Euonymus alatus treatment. Further investigation found that the herb had a role in downregulating the expression of transform growth factor β1. In conclusion, Euonymus alatus has a protective role in diabetic nephropathy, which may be related to its downregulation of transform growth factor β1 expression.

Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiencies of various hydroponic solutions and their concentration effects in reducing nitrate concentration of lettuce after short-te...

Recycling of biogas slurry via vegetable production is a multi-benefit and sustainable utilization strategy regarding agriculture and environment. A glasshouse experiment was conducted to investiga...

Based on the rigid-plastic deformation finite element method and the heat transfer theories, the forming process of cross wedge rolling was simulated with the finite element software DEFORM-3D. The temperature field of the rolled piece during the forming process was analyzed. The results show that the temperature gradient in the outer of the work-piece is sometimes very large and temperature near the contact deformation zone is the lowest while temperature near the center of the rolled-piece keeps relatively stable and even rises slightly. Research results provide a basis for further study on metal flow and accurate shaping of work-piece during cross wedge rolling.

In this study, we investigated the effects of a Chinese herbal medicine formula Xiao-Gao-Jiang-Zhuo (XGJZ) in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Ten male rats in the normal group were fed with a standard diet. Another 50 male obese rats were induced by a 12-week high-fat diet feeding, and were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10 per group): the model group, the high-dose XGJZ group, the middle-dose XGJZ group, the low-dose XGJZ group, and the sibutramine group. After 14 weeks of treatment, body weight, abdominal fat, blood lipid and serum insulin level were measured, and the protein and gene expression of PTP1B in liver tissue was tested. Our data showed that the body weight of the high-dose and middle-dose groups and the sibutramine group had significant differences in comparison with the model group (p < 0.05), and all three dose groups had significantly reduced abdominal fat (p < 0.05). The triglyceride level of the three dose groups and the sibutramine group, and the total cholesterol level of the middle-dose group were all significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The serum insulin of the high-dose and middle-dose groups also decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The expression of hepatic PTP1B mRNA of the three dose groups decreased significantly in comparison with the model group (p < 0.05 or 0.01). The expression of hepatic PTP1B protein of the high-dose and middle-dose groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Our data suggested that XGJZ can modulate the body weight, abdominal fat and blood lipid in the obese rats, and this modulation might improve insulin resistance by inhibiting the PTP1B signal pathway.

A novel series of chiral dopants synthesised from (S)-1, 2-propanediol and mesogenic carboxylic acids were characterised by Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and their helical twisting properties were investigated by doping the chiral dopants into a nematic liquid crystal host (SLC-1717). The results showed that the values of the molecular twisting power β were significantly dependent on the nature of the terminal substituents, terminal alkyl length and numbers of chiral centres in the molecular structure. Compared to compounds with electron-with-drawing groups (-NO2, -F, -CF3), the chiral compounds with terminal alkyl chains exhibited a higher β.

A novel series of chiral dopants synthesized from (S)-1,2-propanediol and mesogenic carboxylic acids were characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, elemental analysis and their helical twisting properties were investigated by doping the chiral dopants into a nematic liquid crystal host (SLC-1717). The results show that, the helical pitch of N*-LC mixture exhibited a terminal alkyl chain length dependence and the molecular twisting power β also exhibited a temperature dependence (increasing β with increasing temperature).

The trimeric phenylenevinylene with the symmetrical chiral end-groups (ChTPV) was synthesized. The liquid crystalline and luminescent properties of the ChTPV have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The results indicated that the ChTPV exhibits mesophase over a wide temperature range and a typical optical texture of smectic phase. In contrast with the spectra of the solution, that of the film showed blue-shift in maximal absorption and red-shift in maximal emission due to H-type aggregation with parallel alignment of the TPV transition dipole moment.

Vegetables, the indispensable staple produce providing humans with many beneficial substances, are readily contaminated by nitrate, heavy metals and pesticides during conventional cultivation. In particular, off-season vegetables grown in protected systems with low light intensity do tend to accumulate more nitrate in tissues due to excess N fertilization driven by farmers' desire for high yields. Over-the-limit accumulation of the harmful substances in vegetables constitutes a serious hazard to human health globally. Soilless cultivation, currently a fraction of vegetable cultivation in China, is a promising cultivation method to decrease the accumulation of harmful substances through nutrient solution regulation and environmental factor control. However, conventional inorganic nutrient solutions present few quality benefits besides plant nutrition for the widely acknowledged formulations. Currently, high-quality vegetables are urgently desired by humans globally, but they are difficult to grow for lack of an effective and practical cultivation method to lower the accumulation of harmful substances and to improve nutritional quality simultaneously. Although some attempts have been made, few commercial formulations have been applied in practice. Biogas manure (biogas slurry and biogas dregs) is a by-product of biogas production. It has been shown to be a good fertilizer with abundant nutrients, amino acids and bioactive substances. In China, as a product of the recycling process of agricultural wastes, biogas manure is an ever-growing resource due to the rapid development of biogas projects. Therefore, the need to utilize biogas manure is an urgent issue that relates both to environment protection and nutrient resources utilization. In this paper, the updated research results on yield and the quality effects of vegetables cultivated with biogas dregs and the solutions modified from biogas slurry in China are summarized, highlighting the feasibility and benefits of biogas manure in high-quality vegetable production. It is concluded that biogas manure is an effective nutrient source for high-quality vegetable production based on its synergistic effects and effectiveness in yield and quality improvement (particularly depression effects on nitrate accumulation), and stress resistance. However, deliberate component regulations need to be developed for better yield and quality of vegetables under soilless cultivation due to the large variability of components of biogas manure caused by various combinations of fermentative materials.

The dimesogenic compound consisting of cholesterol and cyanobiphenyl mesogens interlinked by ω -oxyalkanoyl spacer was synthesized. The mesomorphic properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results indicated that this compound exhibited mesophase over a much wider temperature range and a new mesophase blue phase (BP). Focal conic domains (FCDs) and droplets texture to the smectic A phase ( S A ), oily streaks typical to the chiral nematic ( N *) phase were found in the liquid crystalline state, respectively. Besides, it exhibited a smectic layer spacing about 1.0 time to the length of the molecule, which indicated a monolayer type of S A ordering.

In this paper, studies on photoautotrophic micropropagation (PM) and inoculant cultivation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were reviewed. The existing issues, which include the lack of a bio-method for improving the environmental stress resistance of plantlets in vitro or ex vitro and the mass production of AMF inoculants in commercialization for PM and inoculants cultivation, were discussed. Based on current knowledge and our analysis, we suggested that the integration of PM system and mycorrhization in vitro (here called mycorrhization-PM cultivation system) is highly feasible. Furthermore, combining mycorrhization with PM system in vitro was shown to be an efficient method for alleviating the injuries of plantlets in vitro and ex vitro caused by environmental stresses and for mass producing AMF inoculants through applying different cultivation strategies. Cultivation strategies for the mass production of mycorrhizal plants and AMF inoculants using mycorrhization-PM cultivation system were discussed.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common chronic complication of diabetes. Routine clinical management uses analgesics to relieve pain in combination with drugs for nerve repair. The drugs are often not effective for the severe pain cases, and these western medications also have side effects. We report a more effective treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain using a high dose of a traditional Chinese medicine, aconitum (including both Radix aconite preparata and Radix aconite kusnezoffii), in combination with Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang (i.e., astragalus, cassia twig, white peony root, and spatholobi). In order to achieve stronger analgesic effects, we increased the clinical dosage of aconitum from 15 to 120 g. The aconitum was boiled for 6–8 hours, and licorice was also used to reduce potential toxicities of aconitum. In the four reported cases, the patients' neuropathic pain was remarkably reduced and the EMG profile was also improved with this treatment regimen. Adverse reactions were not observed during the therapy. Thus, aconitum represents a promising and safe treatment for the well-being of patients and their diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Future controlled clinical trials using traditional Chinese medicines containing aconitum in treating the neuropathic pain are warranted.

AIM: To assess the current clinical evidence of the effectiveness of Xiangshaliujunzi Decoction (XSLJZD) for the treatment of diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from seven major electronic databases including Medline, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang Databases, using search dates from the beginning of the databases to May 2013. No language limitations were applied. We included RCTs that used XSLJZD or a modified XSLJZD compared with a control group for the treatment of DGP. The control groups included conventional treatment (Western medicinal treatment), placebo, and no treatment (blank), but not acupuncture. The main outcome index was clinical effectiveness, which was based on the gastric emptying test and variations in the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms between the treatment and control groups after intervention. Data extraction, analysis, and quality assessment were conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions, Version 5.1.0. RESULTS: Ten RCTs involving 867 patients (441 in the experimental groups, and 426 in the control groups) were identified, and the overall methodological quality was evaluated as generally low. In the treatment groups, all 10 trials used herbs alone as the treatment, whereas all control groups used prokinetic medicine. The period of intervention ranged from 2 to 8 wk. Three classes were used to evaluate treatment efficacy: significant effective, effective, and ineffective, and all trials used the clinical effective rate (based on the gastric emptying test and changes in GI symptoms) to evaluate efficacy. The data showed that the effects of XSLJZD for the treatment of DGP were superior to the control group (n = 867, RR =1.33, 95%CI: 1.24-1.42, Z = 8.11, P < 0.00001). Two trials recorded adverse events, and one trial reported follow-up. CONCLUSION: XSLJZD could restore the gastric emptying rate and improve symptoms. However, the evidence remains weak due to the poor methodological quality of the included studies.

Phytochemicals in vegetables are important for human health, and their biosynthesis, metabolism and accumulation are affected by environmental factors. Light condition (light quality, light intensity and photoperiod) is one of the most important environmental variables in regulating vegetable growth, development and phytochemical accumulation, particularly for vegetables produced in controlled environments. With the development of light-emitting diode (LED) technology, the regulation of light environments has become increasingly feasible for the provision of ideal light quality, intensity and photoperiod for protected facilities. In this review, the effects of light quality regulation on phytochemical accumulation in vegetables produced in controlled environments are identified, highlighting the research progress and advantages of LED technology as a light environment regulation tool for modifying phytochemical accumulation in vegetables.

To investigate the influence of trauma on the tumorigenicity of rat glial tumor stem cells (C6-side population cell, C6-SP) in vivo.Rat glial tumor stem cells C6-SP were isolated by flowcytometry. The biological behavior of C6-SP cells were observed by means of MTT experiment, single cell cloning, and cell cycle study with FCM CD133 expression was measured by immunofluorescence and FCM.. The tumorigenicity of C6-SP cells in vivo was evaluated by in situ tumor growth after intracranial implantation. The rat model was established by intracranial implantation of C6-SP cells. 10 days later, the rats in experimental groups were subjected to orthotopic or ectopic trauma. 24 days later, brain specimen was retrieved, gross tumor volume was measured, and Ki67 was evaluated by immunochemistry. The migration of stem cell was studied by the method to observe the relocation of C6-SP cells.Clustrus tumor growth was seen when C6-SP cell was cultured in serum-free medium. The doubling time of C6-SP cell was shorter than ordinary C6 cell. Single stem cell cloning efficiency of C6-SP cell was 77% whereas that of ordinary C6 cell was 16.4%. Among cloned C6-SP cell and ordinary C6 cell, 49.7% +/- 5.2% and 35.2 +/- 4.3% were at G0/G1 phase respectively. CD133 expression of C6-SP cells was positively shown by immunofluorescence. Tumorigenesis was 100% 2 weeks after in situ implantation of C6-SP cells. Gross tumor volume and Ki67 expression of orthotopic trauma group were larger and higher than those of ectopic trauma group or blank control group (P0.05) whereas difference was insignificant in the later two groups (P0.05). Red stained cells relocation was seen in both traumatized groups and absent in controls.C6-SP cells are the tumor stem cells (TSCs) for rat glioma. Trauma at the lesional site could increase tumorigenicity of the C6-SP cells. Moreover, trauma could induce migration of C6-SP cells in brain.

The Chinese formula Tang-Min-Ling (TML), an improved product of the decoction of Dachaihu which has a history of more than 2000 years, has main constituents of Coptis chinensis Franch, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Rheum officinale Baill and Bupleurum chinense DC. A multi-central randomized controlled investigation performed previously by us has showed that TML has positive effects on regulating glycometabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Using Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats as an animal model with rosiglitazone as a positive control, we were able to detect TML's effect on the serum glucose, serum lipid, serum leptin and adiponcetin after oral administration for 12 weeks. We were also able to detect the insulin resistance level by a glucose clamp test and study the mechanisms of TML in improving insulin resistance by detecting skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Results showed that TML significantly reduced the glucose area under a curve of the oral glucose tolerance test, and had a positive effect in regulating serum lipid metabolism. TML treatment also significantly reduced the serum leptin level, but it had no effect on the serum adiponectin level. The AMPK enzymatic activity and GLUT4 expression in Skeletal Muscle were also upregulated in the TML group. The results suggest that the Chinese medicine TML, which contains Coptis chinensis Franch as one of its components, improves glycometabolism and its possible mechanisms may involve in improvement of insulin resistance of OLETF rats.

The theoretical calculation of rolling force was presented in this paper. With the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA, the change feature of rolling force for the light area reduction shaft was analyzed through a comparison with that of the conventional area reduction rolled piece. It is shown that rolling force keeps increasing in the stretching zone, and attains the maximum value at the end of the stretching zone. And the rolling force can be significantly reduced by making void treatment on the dies. Then the effects of process parameters on rolling force were also obtained and the simulation results indicate that rolling force reduces with the increase of forming angle, but increases with the increase of stretching angle and stretching length.

To observe the variation of endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in rabbits, and evaluate the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on the prevention and cure of cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups: contrast group, experiment group and blank group. Every group contained 8 rabbits. SAH was established according to inject blood into the cisterna magna. The experiment group was administrated with TMP (20 mg/kg x d) transperitoneally. ET and NO of plasma and CSF were detected by radical immunoassay at 72 h and 168 h after SAH. Neurofunction were detected in every group at all the time scales.(1) After SAH, the level of ET in CSF increased significantly in contrast group compared with that in experiment and blank groups (P0.05). The value of ET at 168 h was higher than that at 72 h. The level of ET in plasma increased significantly in contrast group compared with blank and experiment groups (P0.05), and no significant contrast could be found between blank and experiment group. (2) After SAH, the value of NO in CSF was lower in contrast group than in other groups (P0.05), and the level of NO in CSF continued to decrease in all groups on some extent. As time went by, no significant contrast could be found in all groups. The value of NO in plasma was lower in contrast group than in other groups (P0.05). There was no significant difference between experiment and blank groups. (3) The neuro-function score continued to be increased in contrast group, but decreased in experiment one. The neuro-function score was lower in experiment group than in contrast one at every time point (P0.05).After administration of TMP, the variation of ET has the continued decrease in plasma and CSF; the variation of NO shows the continued increase in plasma and CSF; neurological function gets possibly protected. TMP may prevent from and cure CVS after SAH.

To observe the expression levels of BDNF and bFGF, the variation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and injury neuron of rat, and to evaluate the effect of Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on neuro-protection finally.120 SD rats were randomly assigned into three groups: pseudo-operation group, severe brain injury model group and TMP treatment group. Every group contained 40 rats. The severe brain injury (SBI) of rat was established according to Feeney' s method. The treatment group was administrated with TMP transperitoneally. Rats were killed at 7 h, 24 h, 72 h, 168 h respectively after SBI. BDNF, bFGF, Nissl body and neurofunction were detected in every group at all the time scales. MDA and SOD of serum were also detected by radical immunoassay.After rat SBI treated with the administration of TMP, the expression of BDNF and bFGF increased significantly in the injured brain tissue (P0.05), and the MDA level showed to be decreased but the SOD was increased in serum (P0.05). The Nissl body and neuro-function were well protected.TMP may protect the rat cerebral neurons from SBI.

To observe the effect of comprehensive treatment for hip fracture in old people.Three hundred and seventy-two old patients with hip fractures were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B. Cases in Group A were treated only by operations. Cases in Group B received comprehensive treatment. The Singh Indexes of both uninjured and injured femoral necks were used to judge the osteoporosis levels before operation and one year after the operation. The function of injured hip joints was evaluated one year postoperatively.Complications occurred in 36.56% of the cases in Group A and 5.91% of Group B. One year postoperatively, the Singh Index degree distributions of both uninjured and injured femoral necks in Group A had no significant difference compared with those before the operation (P0.05). In Group B, there was significant difference between one year postoperatively and before operation, and the Singh Index one year after the operation showed better result than that before operation (P0.05). One year after operation, there was significant difference in the function of injured hip joints between Group A and Group B (P0.05).Hip fracture in old people should be treated comprehensively according to its internal characteristics, osteoporosis.

We report an interesting case of delayed frontal abscess caused by a penetrating nonmissile foreign body, a bamboo stick in a 1.5-year-old male child. A parietal craniotomy was performed, and the brain abscess was resected along with the foreign body without any damage to the surrounding brain tissue. He also received the appropriate antibiotics. The child made a good recovery.