Search

With the advantages of low power consumption, flexibility, and high readability against bright ambiance, electrophoretic displays (EPDs) have wide application prospects in the fields of education, smart supermarkets, Internet of Things, smart homes, wearable devices, etc. EPDs suffer from a severe history dependence during grayscale switching, which results in annoying ghost images. However, currently, it is difficult to distinguish diverse types of ghost images automatically; thus, lookup-tables (LUTs) for multi-grayscale waveform design cannot be effectively generated but require cumbersome manual adjustment. In this article, we proposed to adopt a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically recognize ghost images, based on which, LUTs that could suppress ghost images and achieve accurate grayscales were automatically generated for waveform design. Moreover, the workforce for manual adjustment was significantly saved. The results suggest that the CNN is a powerful tool for EPDs to achieve better image quality, as well as less manual cost.

High beam quality 588 nm radiation was realized based on a frequency-doubled crystalline Raman laser. The bonding crystal of YVO4/Nd:YVO4/YVO4 was used as the laser gain medium, which can accelerate the thermal diffusion. The intracavity Raman conversion and the second harmonic generation were realized by a YVO4 crystal and an LBO crystal, respectively. Under an incident pump power of 49.2 W and a pulse repetition frequency of 50 kHz, the 588 nm power of 2.85 W was obtained with a pulse duration of 3 ns, corresponding to a diode-to-yellow laser conversion efficiency of 5.75% and a slope efficiency of 7.6%. Meanwhile, a single pulse's pulse energy and peak power were 57 µJ and 19 kW, respectively. The severe thermal effects of the self-Raman structure were overcome in the V-shaped cavity, which has excellent mode matching, and combined with the self-cleaning effect of `Raman scattering, the beam quality factor M2 was effectively improved, which was measured optimally to be Mx2 = 1.207, and My2 = 1.200, with the incident pump power being 49.2 W.

Background: This study aimed to design a suitable integrated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) curriculum and assessed the impact of this a high-fidelity simulation-based education module on novice learners.Methods: An ECMO training curriculum was developed by well-trained and experienced ECMO experts that incorporated simulation modules to train multidisciplinary health care professionals. Pre- and post-participation questionnaires were used to determine the effects on the knowledge, ability, and confidence level of the participants. A five-point Likert scale was used to assess the participants regarding the ECMO practical test.Results: The study enrolled 37 participants (10 doctors, 27nurses). 67.6% (25/37) of trainees didn’t have ECMO experience. All two questionnaires were completed by 37 participants. A five-point Likert scale on practical test was finished by 4 ECMO experts. All participants passed the written and practical tests. All the responding participants thought the curriculum was useful in improving their perception of their overall knowledge and their ability to perform the required critical performance criteria on simulated ECMO. 91.9% (34/37) trainees thought that they invested more in active learning during the whole course; 60% (22/37) of them achieved a good level of technical evaluation. On the other hand, 67.6% (25/37) of the trainees have shown a good self-confidence in the priming course; however, 43.2% (16/27) trainees still needed to strengthen their overall competence in ECMO management. Conclusions: The integration of traditional teaching and high-fidelity simulation teaching can effectively improve the ECMO monitoring level and management skills of novice learners, but whether this training mode can be successfully transferred to the clinical field needs further research and confirmation.

To compare combined percutaneous radiofrequency ablation and ethanol injection (RFA-PEI) with hepatic resection (HR) in the treatment of resectable solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with 2.1–5.0 cm diameter. From June 2009 to December 2015, 271 patients whom underwent RFA-PEI (n = 141) or HR (n = 130) in three centres were enrolled. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) between groups were compared with Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests. Complications, hospital stay and cost were assessed. The OS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 93.5%, 72.7%, 58.6% in RFA-PEI group and 82.3%, 57.5%, 51.8% in HR group (p = 0.021). The corresponding 1-, 3- and 5-year RFS rates were 65.8%, 41.3%, 34.3% in RFA-PEI group and 50.5%, 33.8%, 28.4% in HR group (p = 0.038). For patients with 2.1–3.0 cm tumours, the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS after RFA-PEI and HR were 98.0%, 82.3%, 74.2% and 89.4%, 65.1%, 61.9%, respectively (p = 0.024). The corresponding RFS were 79.6%, 54.7%, 45.1% in RFA-PEI group, and 57.6%, 43.9%, 31.7% in HR group, respectively (p = 0.020). RFA-PEI was superior to HR in major complication rates, length of hospital stay and cost (all p < 0.001). RFA-PEI had a survival benefit over HR in the treatment of solitary HCCs, especially for those with 2.1–3.0 cm in diameter. • RFA-PEI provided superior survival to HR in solitary HCC with 2.1–5.0 cm in diameter. • RFA-PEI is superior to HR in complications, length of hospital stay and cost. • RFA-PEI might be an alternative treatment for solitary HCC within 5.0 cm in diameter.

Background The predictive model of postsurgical recurrence for solitary early hepatocellular carcinoma (SE-HCC) is not well established. The aim of this study was to develop a novel model for prediction of postsurgical recurrence and survival for patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related SE-HCC ≤10 cm. Patients and Methods Data from 1,081 patients with HBV-related SE-HCC ≤10 cm who underwent curative liver resection from 2003 to 2016 in our center were collected retrospectively and randomly divided into the derivation cohort (n = 811) and the internal validation cohort (n = 270). Eight hundred twenty-three patients selected from another four tertiary hospitals served as the external validation cohort. Postsurgical recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) predictive nomograms were generated. The discriminatory accuracies of the nomograms were compared with six conventional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) staging systems. Results Tumor size, differentiation, microscopic vascular invasion, preoperative α-fetoprotein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, albumin-to-bilirubin ratio, and blood transfusion were identified as the risk factors associated with RFS and OS. RFS and OS predictive nomograms based on these seven variables were generated. The C-index was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–0.87) for the RFS-nomogram and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.83–0.91) for the OS-nomogram. Calibration curves showed good agreement between actual observation and nomogram prediction. Both C-indices of the two nomograms were substantially higher than those of the six conventional HCC staging systems (0.54–0.74 for RFS; 0.58–0.76 for OS) and those of HCC nomograms reported in literature. Conclusion The novel nomograms were shown to be accurate at predicting postoperative recurrence and OS for patients with HBV-related SE-HCC ≤10 cm after curative liver resection.

Various training models have been developed for laparoscopic training. Inanimate models including cadavers, ex-vivo simulator, and virtual reality (VR), are less realistic and often fail to display specific events such as bleeding, bile leakage, etc. Animal models provide more realistic experience, but constraints like cost involved, anesthetic requirement, and ethical approval have limited its application. We have designed a new training ex-vivo simulator—Smagister to address these issues. The Smagister consists of a normothermic machine perfusion platform, multivisceral organ of porcine abdominal cavity (liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, intestine, kidney, uterus, bladders, etc.), high-definition display, and software system. Blood gas analysis and number of peristalsis per hour were recorded. A questionnaire was used to subjectively assess vitality of the organ cluster every hour. Three laparoscopic procedures including cholecystectomy (LC), enterotomy closure (LEC) and hepatectomy (LLR) were performed on Smagister, with demonstration of specific events for each procedure. Six experts compared the procedures with actual surgery in terms of feasibility to complete procedures and demonstration of complications. The fluctuation of perfusate glucose (6.1–8.2 mmol/L) and lactate (5.82–6.55 mmol/L) suggested metabolic function of the multivisceral organs. The mean number of peristalsis was 2.2/min. The simulated surgical view and anatomic structures closely resembled actual surgery during continuous perfusion (3.5 ± 1.0, 3.8 ± 0.8, respectively). The evaluation scores of haptic feedbacks were 3.8 ± 0.8, resembling live tissue handling. LC, LEC, and LLR were performed well on the Smagister, with clear display of the specific events. All six experts considered Smagister as a suitable training modality for both basic and advanced laparoscopic surgery. The amalgamation of live animal model and ex-vivo simulation in Smagister centralizes the virtue of both modalities, expands the training field, and provides high-fidelity laparoscopic training for both novice and senior surgeons.

Kinesin family member 2C (KIF2C), a substantial mitotic regulator, has been verified to exert a malignant function in several cancers. However, its function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, the expression profile of KIF2C in HCC was characterized through the dataset from the TCGA and clinical tissue microarrays containing 220 pairs of resected HCC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues in our hospital. The results indicated that KIF2C was substantially higher expression in tumor tissues than adjacent nontumor tissues. High expression of KIF2C significantly correlated with large tumor (>5.0 cm) (P = .001) and implied a dismal postoperative overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.729; P = .002) in our cohort of patients. Gain and loss of function assays displayed that KIF2C promoted HCC cell proliferation, accelerated cell cycle progression, and impeded apoptosis. By bioinformatic tools and mechanistic investigation, we found that KIF2C interacted with various cell-cycle-related proteins and was significantly involved in growth-promoting pathways. KIF2C upregulated PCNA and CDC20 expression. Subsequently, we investigated the regulation of KIF2C by competing endogenous RNA and elucidated that has-miR-6715a-3p was directly bond to the 3'-untranslated region of KIF2C through dual luciferase assays, thereby inhibiting KIF2C expression. Furthermore, the long noncoding RNA GS1-358P8.4 was found to be a candidate of KIF2C for has-miR-6715a-3p binding. HCC patients with high lncRNA-GS1-358P8.4 expression had shorter OS and relapse-free survival compared to those with low expression, which was accordance with the KIF2C. Taken together, KIC2C aggravated HCC progression, it could serve as a prognostic indicator and confer a novel target for clinical treatment.

Background The influence of perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) on postsurgical survival of patients with different stage of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PBT on survival outcomes of different stage of HCC patients. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent liver resection for HCC between January 2009 and November 2015 were identified from an HCC prospective database in authors’ center. The survival outcomes were compared between patients receiving PBT and those without PBT before and after propensity score matching (PSM) in different stage subsets. Cox regression analysis was performed to verify the impact of PBT on outcomes of HCC. Results Among 1255 patients included, 804 (64.1%) were Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0-A, and 347 (27.6%) received PBT. Before PSM, patients with PBT had worse disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with those without PBT in both BCLC 0-A subset and BCLC B-C subset (all P P = 0.001) Similar result was observed for OS (36.0 months vs. 96.0 months, P = 0.001). In the subset of BCLC B-C, both DFS and OS were comparable between patients with PBT and those without PBT. Cox regression analysis showed that PBT involved an increasing risk of DFS (HR = 1.607; P P P = 0.126) or OS (P = 0.139) for those with stage B-C HCC. Conclusions PBT negatively influenced oncologic outcomes of patient with BCLC stage 0-A HCC, but not those with stage B-C after curative resection.

Electrophoretic display encountered several challenges towards high frame rate applications, such as long response time and high driving voltage. In this study, liquid crystal additive doping can simultaneously increase the response speed by 2.8 times and reduce the driving voltage to half of the initial value of electrophoretic dispersion. The backflow effect of liquid crystal, which induces an inversely electrorheological effect and facilitates the reverse micelles’ dielectrophoretic separation, was suggested to be the main reason for the performance improvement. The proposed method is facile and effective which shows promising potential for fast response and low power consumption e-paper applications.

Background The role of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. Methods The records of 23 consecutive patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC who underwent ALPPS at our center between November 2013 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Oncological results were compared between patients who received ALPPS and those that received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Results In patients with a single tumor (n=12) the median tumor diameter was 13.0 (range: 5.1-20.0) cm, whereas in patients with multiple tumors (n=11) the median total tumor diameter was 6.3 (range: 2.3-26.0) cm. After the stage-1 ALPPS, the median future liver remnant (FLR) increased by 50.0%. The stage-2 ALPPS was completed in 20 patients (87.0%) after a median of 12 days. The 90-day mortality rate was 13% (3/23). The overall survival (OS) rates at 1-, 2-, and 5-year were 61.1%, 34.9%, and 8.7%, respectively, whereas the disease-free survival (DFS) rates at 1-, 2-, and 5-year were 27.8%, 27.8%, and 0.0%, respectively. PSM analysis showed no difference in OS between patients who underwent ALPPS and those that received TACE [P=0.178, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A-C patients; P=0.241, BCLC stage B and C patients]. Conclusions ALPPS is a safe and effective treatment option for unresectable HBV-related HCC. However, for HBV-related intermediate and advanced HCC patients, ALPPS may not be superior to TACE.

Background The function of hornerin (HRNR), a member of the S100 protein family, is poorly clarified in the development of human tumors. The role of HRNR in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is investigated in the study. Methods The expression levels of HRNR were assessed in tumor samples from a cohort of 271 HCC patients. The effect of HRNR on proliferation, colony formation and invasion of tumor cells was examined. We further determined the role of HRNR in tumor growth in vivo by using xenograft HCC tumor models. The possible mechanism of the HRNR promotion of HCC progression was explored. Results We found that HRNR was overexpressed in HCC tissues. The high expression of HRNR in HCCs was significantly associated with vascular invasion, poor tumor differentiation, and advanced TNM stage. The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of HCC patients with high HRNR expression were poorer than those in the low HRNR expression group. HRNR expression was an independent risk factor linked to both poor DFS (HR = 2.209, 95% CI = 1.627–2.998,P

In this work, a ratiometric fluorescent probe (RF-probe) for highly sensitive and selective detection of uric acid was reported for the first time toward H

To investigate the changes of the vertical height and width of the alveolar bone six months after the alveolar ridge preservation in periodontal compromised molar sites of severe alveolar bone defects with clinical direct measurement, parallel periapical radiographs, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to analyze the effect of the three different methods of measurement.In this study, 20 subjects requiring tooth extraction on account of periodontal disease with a total of 23 extracted molars were enrolled. Extractions were performed atraumatically and patients were received alveolar ridge preservation procedure with Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide. Clinical direct measurements were taken after tooth extraction and during the implant surgery 6 months later, CBCT scans and parallel periapical radiographs were taken immediately after ridge preservation and 6 months later. The changes of alveolar ridge width and vertical height after six months were measured and analyzed through the above-mentioned three methods and the similarities and differences of the measured effect were compared.There were no significant difference of alveolar vertical height in the center of the extraction sites, the center of distal aspect, and distobuccal aspect between the clinical direct measurements and the CBCT measurements (P0.05), alveolar vertical height in other points and alveolar width measurements were statically significant (P0.05). After 6 months, 10 sites of 10 subjects were received a flap and re-entered to perform dental implants surgery. The vertical height in the center of alveolar increased significantly and the changes of alveolar vertical height of clinical direct and CBCT measurement were (6.15 ± 1.73) mm and (6.59 ± 2.53) mm, respectively. The measurements of the width of the alveolar bone were (8.45 ± 1.18) mm and (8.52 ± 1.27) mm, respectively. The measurements of the two methods were not statistically significant (P0.05). The change of the alveolar height in the center of the extraction socket after six months measured by parallel periapical was (5.84 ± 4.28) mm, which was closed to the clinical direct measurement and the CBCT measurement.Clinical direct measurement and CBCT measurement were largely consistent in the evaluation of the alveolar bone height and width after the alveolar ridge preservation using deproteinized boving bone mineral (DBBM, Bio-Oss) and bioabsorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) in periodontal compromised molar sites of severe bone defects.

To construct the finite element models of maxillary central incisor and the simulations with crown lengthening surgery and post-core restoration in management of different crown-root fracture types, to investigate the stress intensity and distributions of these models mentioned above, and to analyze the indications of crown lengthening from the point of view of mechanics.An extracted maxillary central incisor and alveolar bone plaster model were scanned by Micro-CT and dental impression scanner (3shape D700) respectively. Then the 3D finite element models of the maxillary central incisor and 9 simulations with crown lengthening surgery and post-core restoration were constructed by Mimics 10.0, Geomagic studio 9.0 and ANSYS 14.0 software. The oblique static force (100 N) was applied to the palatal surface (the junctional area of the incisal 1/3 and middle 1/3), at 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis, then the von Mises stress of dentin, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, post and core, as well as the periodontal ligament area, were calculated.A total of 10 high-precision three-dimensional finite element models of maxillary central incisor were established. The von Mises stress of models: postdentinalveolar bonecoreperiodontal ligament, and the von Mises stress increased linearly with the augmentation of fracture degree (besides the core). The periodontal ligament area of the crown lengthening was reduced by 12% to 33%. The von Mises stress of periodontal ligament of the B2L2c, B2L3c, B3L1c, B3L2c, B3L3c models exceeded their threshold limit value, respectively.The maxillary central incisors with the labial fracture greater than three-quarter crown length and the palatal fracture deeper than 1 mm below the alveolar crest are not the ideal indications of the crown lengthening surgery.

The objective of this study was to investigate the expressions of angiogenic factors and elucidate their angiogenic and prognostic roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with background of hepatitis B virus (HBV). We evaluated microvessel density (MVD) of HCC, and investigated immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietins (Ang-1 and Ang-2), and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) in 67 specimens of surgically resected HCC, which were all positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. We investigated the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological factors or prognosis. The microvessel density (MVD) of tumor tissue and surrounding normal liver tissue was 93.1 +/- 43.8/mm2 and 30.4 +/- 14.8/mm2, respectively. The MVD of well-differentiated HCC was significantly less than that of poorly differentiated HCC. MVD was positively correlated with VEGF and Ang-2 expression (P = 0.0023 and 0.0265, respectively). There was less tumor recurrence in low Ang-2 and low MMP-9 group than high Ang-2 and/or high MMP-9 group (P = 0.002). In Cox regression model, portal vein thrombus and intrahepatic metastasis was the risk factors of tumor recurrence (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively). Our study showed that the expression of VEGF and Ang-2 were positively correlated with MVD. Ang-2 expression and/or MMP-9 expression might be a significant predictive factor for recurrence after resection in HCC patients with the background of HBV.

In this article, different methods to deal with teeth fractures were discussed by presenting a case of traumatic crown-root fracture in the anterior esthetic zone. The traumatic crown-root fracture is a common problem in clinic. When a fracture line locates in close proximity to or below the alveolar bone crest, the fracture most likely involve the junctional epithelium and the connective tissue attachment. This type of fracture becomes a challenge for restorative dentists because it involves biologic, functional, and esthetic considerations, especially when the fracture occurs in an esthetic area. In this case, a young patient presented with two fractured upper anterior teeth to the Department of Periodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. After the comprehensive clinical evaluation, the right central incisor was decided to extract for implant therapy and the right lateral incisor was decided to retain by one modified crown lengthening surgery. The most common technique applied to save a retained root is a clinical crown lengthening procedure. However, the aggressive alveolar bone resection of both target and adjacent teeth to reestablish the bone width and periodontal health may compromise functional and esthetic outcomes. To reduce loss of excessive osseous tissue during osteotomy procedure, the modified crown lengthening of the right lateral incisor was performed, including minor bone resection and root reshaping. Regarding the right central incisor, the retained root was all located below the alveolar bone crest. The extraction and implant procedure, combined with guided bone graft were performed to avoid the damage to neighbor teeth during traditional restorative therapy and to reshape a preferable buccal contour. At the last visit, the patient was recalled with healthy periodontium, normal tooth function and favorable esthetic results.

To investigate whether adjuvant antiviral treatment could improve prognosis and entecavir is the optimal nucleoside/nucleotide analog (NA) regimen after curative therapy of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).A comprehensive electronic search was performed. All controlled trials comparing antiviral treatment with placebo or no treatment for HBV-related HCC after curative treatment were included. The pooled hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Stata 12.0 software. An indirect treatment comparison method was used to compare the relative efficacy of different NA strategies.Twenty-one studies containing 8072 patients were included. NA was found to significantly improve recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Alternatively, for interferon, a non-significant benefit was found. By adjusted indirect comparisons among entecavir, lamivudine and adefovir, entecavir were found to display almost but not significant superiority to the other NA in improving RFS. No tendency favoring a specific NA regimen was found for OS.In HBV-HCC patient after curative treatment, NA improve the prognosis significantly but the role of interferon remains to be elucidated; entecavir was not found to be superior to other NA based on available data.

To compare the bone dimensional changes following tooth extraction alone with extraction plus ridge preservation (using deproteinized boving bone mineral Bio-Oss® and bioresorbable collagen mambrane Bio-Gide®) in periodontal compromised extraction sockets.Eighteen molars of sixteen subjects requiring tooth extraction because of periodontal destruction were enrolled in this study. The subjects were assigned to the control group (extraction alone, EXT) or to the test group (ridge-preservation procedure with Bio-Oss® and Bio-Gide, RP). Parallel periapical X-rays and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were taken immediately after tooth extraction alone or plus ridge-preservation (baseline) and 6 months later. The changes of horizontal ridge width and vertical ridge height were assessed.At the central buccal aspect, the ridge height increased 2.9 mm in RP group, and reduced 1.0 mm in EXT group. At the distal buccal aspect, the ridge height increased 1.45 mm in RP group, and reduced 1.45 mm in EXT group. The differences between the groups reached statistical significance (P0.05). The mean ridge width increased at the 1 mm below the crest (the horizontal ridge width was measured with grafting material at three levels at 1 mm below the most coronal aspect of the crest,HW1), which amounted to 3.40 to 5.80 mm in RP group, and 1.45 to 2.90 mm in EXT group. The mean ridge increased at the 4 mm below the crest (the horizontal ridge width was measured with grafting material at three levels at 4 mm below the most coronal aspect of the crest,HW4), which amounted to 0.40 to 3.50 mm in RP group, and reduced 0.10 to increased 0.15 mm in EXT group. The test group and the control group were not significantly different (P0.05).The ridge-preservation approach using Bio-Oss® in combination with Bio-Gide® can significantly increase vertical ridge height and horizontal ridge width after tooth extraction compared with extraction alone in periodontal compromised molars.

Background Pancreatic fistula (PF) remains the most challenging complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors of PF and delineate its impact on patient outcomes. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical data of 532 patients who underwent PD and divided them into PF group and no PF group. Risk factors and outcomes of PF following PD were examined. Results PF was found in 65 (12.2%) cases, of whom 11 were classified into ISGPF grade A, 42 grade B, and 12 grade C. Clinically serious postoperative complications in the PF versus no PF group were mortality, abdominal bleeding, bile leak, intra-abdominal abscess and pneumonia. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that blood loss ≥ 500 ml, pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 3 mm and pancreaticojejunostomy type were independent risk factors of PF after PD. Conclusions Blood loss ≥ 500 ml, pancreatic duct diameter ≤ 3 mm and pancreatico-jejunostomy type were independent risk factors of PF after PD. PF was related with higher mortality rate, longer hospital stay, and other complications.

To classify the relationship of the sagittal root positions of the maxillary anterior teeth to their respective osseous housings, and to measure the thickness of facial and palatal alveolar bone by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Twenty-three subjects [9 male, 14 female, mean age: (24.5 ± 1.6) years] who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were involved in this study. The CBCT images were evaluated and the relationship of the sagittal root position of the maxillary anterior teeth to its associated osseous housing was recorded as Kan's Class 1, 2, 3, 4. The facial and palatal alveolar bone thickness at three locations:2 mm apical to crest level, mid-root level and apical level, was measured respectively.Ninety seven point one percent(134/138)of the anterior maxillary teeth were classified as Class 1. Only 2.9% (4/138) were Class 4.Occurrences of2 mm thickness of maxillary facial alveolar bone were found 2.2% (6/276 sites) at 2 mm apical to crest level and mid-root level in the sample of maxillary anterior teeth.The majority of the anterior maxillary teeth roots were positioned close to the labial cortical plate. Most tooth sites in the anterior maxilla had a thin facial bone wall.

To investigate the features of the fill of interdental spaces by gingival papillae and the associated factors.Fifteen volunteers with healthy gingiva were involved in this study. The height and thickness on the alveolar crest level of 62 maxillary anterior papilla were measured radiographically with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. A standardized periodontal probe with Williams markings was used for measurements of the papilla width on the alveolar crest level.When the papilla was complete fill interdentally, the mean height of papillary tissue on the alveolar crest level (equal to contact point-bone crest) was (3.67 ± 0.51) mm. The mean thickness of papilla on the alveolar crest level was (8.38 ± 0.75) mm. The papilla height had a positive correlation with papilla thickness (r = 0.433, P0.001).The cone-beam computed tomography can be used for clear visualization of the papilla profile and the measurements of papilla height and thickness. Thicker and wider tissue was associated with an increased likelihood of having a complete papilla fill.

Real estate is the leading industry in China’s national economic system, but this industry is facing a lot of risk, especially during the construction stage. It is a key monitoring object of the relevant units because of its large investment and long period. This thesis identifies and evaluates the non-systematic risk during the estate construction phase based on the factor analysis, then finds the key risk factors and how great they can influent the object, finally gives the comprehensive risk value of construction stage and provides certain reference to relevant units for risk management.

To investigate the accuracy of probing depth measurements of undergraduate students in department of periodontology and analyze the cause of measurement errors.Thirty-eight dental students from Peking Universty School and Hospital of Stomatology who began their periodontal clinical practice for the first time were recruited. According to principle of clinical teaching, after the students recorded the probing depth of 1-2 periodontitis patients using Williams periodontol probe, an experienced teacher checked the probing depth. The measurements of interproximal sites of Ramfjord index teeth (6 14 41 6) were used as the data of this study. According to the probing depth discrepancies between teacher and the students, all the probing sites were divided in three levels: absolutely consistent sites (probing depth measured by teacher and by student was completely consistent), almost consistent sites (the depth discrepancy between teacher and student was 1 mm), inconsistent sites (the depth discrepancies between teacher and student ≥ 2 mm).The accuracy of probing depth measurements of students decreased with the deepening of probing depth, and the accuracy of probing depth measurements in molar teeth was significantly lower than incisor teeth [58.8% (261/444) vs.73.1% (339/464), P0.01]. The main factor associated with the accuracy of probing depth measurements in interproximal sites was the probe's inability to get into gingival col, which accounted for 70.7% (87/123) of the total inconsistent sites.The correct angle of insertion of the probe in interproximal sites should be reinforced during the course of pre-clinical education of periodontal probing. More attention should be paid to check the probing depth of deep pockets and molar teeth during the clinical practice of undergraduate students.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an inflammation index, is considered a prognostic predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative peripheral NLR in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC after radical hepatectomy. Clinical data were collected from patients with HBV-associated HCC who underwent radical hepatectomy. NLR was calculated from lymphocyte and neutrophil counts on preoperative routine blood tests. Demographics, laboratory analyses, and histopathological data were analyzed. A total of 282 patients were selected and divided by the cutoff NLR value of 2. Multivariate analysis showed that NLR > 2 was an independent prognostic predictor of poor disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.362; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.025-1.811; P = 0.033] and overall survival (HR = 1.434; 95% CI 1.044-1.970; P = 0.023). NLR had a good predictive value for prognosis in patients with HBV-associated HCC who had normal serum AFP level. These results suggested that NLR is an independent indicator of both disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with HBV-associated HCC after radical hepatectomy, including AFP-normal patients.

A young lady with unsatisfied restorations of upper anterior teeth and swollen gum wanted to improve aesthetics. Oral examination showed that 12-22 were provisional crowns with normal occlusion, poorly gingival contour and gummy smile. The gingiva was red, light swollen and bleeding on probing. X-ray showed the roots of 11, 21 were short and the alveolar bone absorbed. After the periodontal initial treatment, an ideal location of gingival margin was determined. Then, an esthetic periodontal surgery was performed to recover the biology width and the gingival margin was fitted with the anterior teeth. The temporary restorations were made twice to guide the gingiva growth by changing the shape of the restorations and moving up the contact points of the restorations. The ceramic crowns were completed 3 months after the operation. The gummy smile disappeared and the gingival margin was filled well with the upper anterior ceramic crowns. The 14-month follow-up presented a satisfied effect. Crown lengthening surgery combined restorative therapy could lead papilla to grow well. This process is beneficial for the future treatment plan and clinical esthetic evaluation.

To establish the relationship of the gingival crest, the gingival curve characteristic point (inflection point, IP) and the contact points and to use it as reference to design the location of contact area in anterior teeth restoration to form the natural papillae.Two-dimensional gingival curve morphology analysis based on standardized digital images was done to measure the value of different points in the upper anterior teeth for 120 young Chinese.In the maxillary anterior teeth, the average mesial papilla heights(MPH) of central incisors(CI), lateral incisors(LI), canines(CA) were (4.49 ± 0.86) mm, (3.64 ± 0.77) mm and (4.12 ± 0.92) mm; the average distal gingival papilla heights(DPH) were (4.09 ± 0.72) mm, (3.48 ± 0.83) mm and (4.13 ± 0.94) mm . The relationship of the gingival curve inflection points of maxillary anterior teeth with the gingival zenith and the contact points were determined in horizontal and vertical ways. In the CI, the mesial IP in X and Y axis were 0.61±0.10 and 0.26±0.07, in distal were 0.57±0.10 and 0.25±0.07. In the LI, the mesial IP in X and Y axis were 0.50±0.10 and 0.23±0.08, in distal were 0.56±0.11 and 0.26±0.08. In the CA, the mesial IP in X and Y axis were 0.52±0.09 and 0.23±0.07, the distal IP were 0.60±0.12 and 0.26±0.08.The upper anterior teeth papillae shapes of the different teeth and gingival curves are determined with certain characteristics, and the gingival curve inflection points have some mathematical relationship with the gingival crest and the contact points.

To develop a novel method for obtaining the clear visualization of the gingival profile by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) that consistently allows the measurements of gingival thickness and use it to explore the relationship between the gingival thickness and gingival biotype, and the gingival thickness and underlying alveolar bone thickness in the maxillary anterior region.In this study, 15 volunteers with healthy gingiva in the maxillary anterior teeth were involved, and a special preparation was done before CBCT scans including making impression with the contrast agent. The tissue biotypes were assessed clinically with the probe, The thickness of both gingiva and bone and the gingival thickness of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) were measured radiographically with cone-beam computed tomography scans. All data analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0.The CBCT image showed clear visualization of the gingival profile. The average gingival thickness of the CEJ was (1.22±0.32) mm. A correlation was observed between the tissue biotypes and the gingival thickness (r=0.449,P0.05). The labial gingival thickness was negative associated with the underlying bone thickness measured with CBCT in the maxillary anterior region (r=-0.31, P=0.021).A method was established for measuring gingival thickness based on cone-beam computed tomography. The gingival biotypes had a positive correlation with gingival thickness of the CEJ.

To observe the effect of modified surgical crown lengthening procedure and discuss the factors which could affect the periodontal health of the operated teeth.Seventeen patients, a total of 20 teeth, who received the modified crown lengthening surgery were recruited in a retrospective study (1 - 6 years). The periodontal status of the operated teeth was compared with the adjacent and the contralateral natural teeth respectively.One out of seventeen patients appeared root fracture after surgery, one patient wasn't satisfied with the color of the molar's metal crown, other fifteen patients were satisfied with the esthetics and function of the teeth. The sites where probing depth was 4 mm just accounted for 4% (5/120) of the operated teeth, and the probing depth of the other sites was less than or equal to 3 mm. Although 83% (33/40) of buccal and lingual sites of the teeth exhibited various degrees of bleeding index, the periodontal indices of the operated teeth and the adjacent teeth. The position of the crown margin had a significantly negative correlation with the bleeding index (r = -0.742), and the plaque index was moderately correlated with the bleeding index (r = 0.480).The modified surgical crown lengthening indicated a good effect, which could be an alternative method to save the residual crown and root. The position of crown margin might be the main factor which influences the periodontal health of the teeth.

To establish a convenient, objective and applicable method to assess gingival biotype using periodontal probing.A total of 66 maxillary anterior teeth from 14 volunteers (6 males, 8 females) with healthy gingiva, aged from 20 to 30 years, were recruited in this study. The gingival biotypes were evaluated by whether or not the outline of the periodontal probe was clear inside the gingiva. Gingival thickness of the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) in upper anterior teeth was measured by cone-beam CT (CBCT).The method of periodontal probing-assessed gingival biotype had good consistency and repeatability. The result of probing-assessed gingival biotype was consistent with that obtained by CBCT. The mean thickness of gingiva in thin, compromised and thick gingival biotype was (1.02 ± 0.20), (1.28 ± 0.25) and (1.46 ± 0.25) mm. These differences were significant for all three comparisons (P = 0.001, respectively).Periodontal probing-assessed gingival biotype is a simple, relatively objective and suitable method for clinical examination.

To measure the width of keratinized gingiva and attached gingiva of anterior dental arch in order to establish reference guidance for periodontal surgery.A total of 120 healthy Chinese Han-nationality volunteers aged 20 - 30 years with healthy gingival tissue were recruited. The width of anterior labial dental arch, keratinized gingiva of gingival zenith, depth of gingival sulcus, and the width of coronal-apical keratinized gingiva of interdental papilla were measured respectively and the data were statistically analyzed.The width of keratinized gingiva and attached gingiva at gingival zenith varied for each individual and tooth location, ranging up to (5.6 ± 1.3) mm in the anterior maxillary region and (4.5 ± 1.1) mm in the anterior submandibular region. The width decreased over the canine and first premolar and increased slightly over the second premolar. The width of keratinized gingiva at interdental papilla ranged from (6.2 ± 1.3) mm to (8.9 ± 1.4) mm in the maxilla and from (5.8 ± 1.0) mm to (7.6 ± 0.9) mm in the mandible. The narrowest width of keratinized gingiva at interdental papilla was located over central incisors.There is a variation of width on labial keratinized gingiva of anterior dental arch of Han nationality youth among different individuals and tooth locations.

To investigate the clinical results of non-surgical periodontal treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis in a Chinese population.Nineteen patients aged (24. 5 +/- 4.1) years with generalized aggressive periodontitis were included in this prospective study. All subjects received scaling and root planing and were clinically monitored every 2 months for 6 months. The clinical parameters, including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), attachment loss (AL) and mobility, furcation involvement of molars were recorded at baseline, 2, 4 and 6 months after treatment. White blood cells, neutrophil percentage, triglyceride of 7 patients were detected at baseline and 6 months after treatment.At baseline, the mean PD of patients was (5.1 +/- 2.1) mm, the percentage of BOP positive sites was 98.0% and mean AL was (3.9 +/- 1.9) mm. At 6 months after treatment, the mean pocket depth reduction was 2.0 mm, the percentage of BOP positive sites reduced to 11.9% and 0.6 mm attachment level was gained. Incisors showed greater PD reduction than molars, the baseline PD had predictive effect on PD reduction, deep sites showed greater PD reduction than shallow sites. There was a statistically significant decrease of neutrophil percentage at 6 months after treatment [(65.7 +/- 9.9)% vs. (55.4 +/- 9.3)%, P0.05].Non-surgical treatment is effective for the generalized aggressive periodontitis and every 2 months SPT is necessary for maintenance. Further surgical treatment or repeated SRP is recommended for molars.

To study the distribution of 5-FU in rat plasma and liver tissue following systemic or local 5-FU infusion.5-FU was administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg systemically via bolus injection through the jugular vein or locally via infusion through the hepatic artery and portal vein of the rats. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure 5-FU concentration in the plasma and liver tissue, and the pharmacokinetic parameters, penetration rate and therapeutic dominance of 5-FU were calculated.Systemic administration of 5-FU resulted in the peak 5-FU concentration (Cmax) and area under curve (AUC) in the liver tissue of 13.79-/+4.56 microg/g and 342.20-/+108.20 microg.min(-1).g(-1)g-1, with the plasma Cmax and AUC of 36.85-/+5.96 microg/g and 842.00-/+158.00 microg.min(-1).ml(-1), respectively. Local 5-FU administration through the hepatic artery resulted in Cmax and AUC in the liver tissue of 29.58-/+4.30 microg/g and 794.60-/+115.40 microg.min(-1).g(-1) and Cmax and AUC in the plasma of 24.39-/+4.63 microg/g and 639.70-/+133.80 microg.min(-1).ml(-1), respectively. After administration through the portal vein, the Cmax and AUC of 5-FU was 28.21-/+4.46 microg/g and 733.60-/+180.3 microg.min(-1).g(-1) in the liver tissue, and 21.02-/+4.06 microg/ml and 529.80-/+111.50 microg.min(-1).ml(-1) in the plasma, respectively.Compared with systemic venous bolus injection, administration through the hepatic artery and portal vein can significantly increase 5-FU concentration in the liver, and decrease its concentration in the peripheral blood.

To present a modified option to surgical crown lengthening for repair of biologic width loss.The alternative to the traditional method involves reshaping the fractured root surface in combination with conservative removal of the supporting alveolar bone to rebuild the biological width. Although these teeth were considered as not suitable for the traditional methods, 7 teeth from 7 patients with fracture surface located lower than alveolar bone crest were treated by this modified method of surgical crown lengthening. Restoration was accomplished on these teeth two month later. Periodontal index such as tooth mobility, plaque index, probing depth and bleeding index were recorded and followed up.The mean follow-up period was 17 months (ranged from 10 to 31 months). Result of surgery and restoration of these 7 teeth was satisfactory. The gingival tissue remained healthy and esthetic with good function.This modified surgical crown lengthening can be used as an alternative to the traditional method to save more fractured teeth.

To evaluate the efficacy of surgical treatment combined with immunochemotherapy via portal vein for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with major portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).Between January 2001 and December 2005 76 HCC patients with tumor thrombus in portal trunk and (or) the first-order branch were recruited into the study. Patients were divided into group A (n = 29) and B (n = 47). Patients in group A were treated with hepatectomy plus portal thrombectomy in combination with postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy administered via portal vein. The immunochemotherapy regimen consisted of 5-Fluorouracil, Adriamycin, platinol and alpha-Interferon (PIAF). Patients in group B were subjected to hepatectomy plus thrombectomy alone. Survival rates were compared between two groups, and prognostic factors were identified.Half-, One-, two- and three-year cumulative survival rates were markedly greater in group A than group B, being 82.3% vs 52.7%, 46.5% vs 20.2%, 14.3% vs 5.8%, 14.3% vs 5.8%, respectively. Group A had a significantly longer median survival time and median tumor-free survival time as compared with group B, being 11.5 months vs 6.0 months (P = 0.010), 4.5 months vs 2.4 months (P = 0.032), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that immunochemotherapy, pathological grading and tumor size were independent factors for survival times. And immunochemotherapy and pathological grading were independent factors for tumor-free survival time.Surgical resection combined with adjuvant immunochemotherapy via portal vein represents as an effective modality for HCC with PVTT.