Search

As the microlens array is attached to the infrared optical fiber imaging bundle, forming a rigid assemble is a new method to optimize the imaging quality of the infrared optical fiber imaging system. The alignment accuracy of the assembly is essential to the overall imaging quality of the system. To ensure that the assembly can still produce quality images under a certain alignment error, the imaging system model of assembly was established. Then introduced the concept of error margin and error margin coefficient to analyze the alignment error types and corresponding error effects of the assembly. Based on these concepts, the parameter design of the optical fiber imaging system was started. The limiting alignment errors were calculated at the error margin factor ξ = 1.25: transverse δx = 9 μm, longitudinal dz = 50 μm, and deflection angle γ = 1.5°. Lastly, a ZEMAX simulation study was carried out. The simulation results showed that: under a certain alignment error, the light did not leak but be completely coupled into the core of the fiber, which confirmed the accuracy of error analysis and parameter design. And the assembly was realized in certain high-quality imaging under an alignment error. So the error analysis and parameters were designed correctly, and high imaging quality transfer of the system with a certain alignment error was achieved for the assembly.

In order to study the effect of temperature noise on the performance of infrared compound eye lens array imaging system, and based on black body infrared radiation and infrared temperature measurement theory, this paper studied the effects of black body radiation temperature and ambient temperature changing on the imaging performance about signal to noise ratio (SNR) and definition of infrared compound eye lens imaging system. Theoretical mathematical model about influence of temperature noise on infrared compound eye imaging system was built. After finishing numerical simulation analysis and experimental test verification, not only the correctness of the model was proved, but also the conclusion was obtained that the clearer the image of the target presented by the compound eye lens array system, that was, the greater the value of SNR was, under the condition of the lower the ambient temperature noise was relative to the black body radiation temperature noise. Meanwhile, the phenomenon that limited SNR of the imaging capability of infrared compound eye lens array imaging system was about 26.4 db was found in the experiment. A theoretical basis for further research was provided, which was the control method of how to reduce the influence of temperature noise on infrared compound eye lens imaging system and to improve SNR of the system.

This was a retrospective study.This study aimed to evaluate hidden blood loss (HBL) and its influencing factors in lumbar disk herniation (LDH) patients treated with percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD).PETD is a minimally invasive spine surgery and is widely used to treat LDH. It is generally believed that there is less bleeding during PETD. However, HBL during the perioperative period is always ignored.From January 2018 to March 2021, 74 LDH patients treated with PETD was selected. The patient's sex, age, height, weight, previous medical history (hypertension and diabetes) and other basic information were recorded. The preoperative fibrinogen (FIB) level, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were recoded. The hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet immediately after admission and the next day postoperative were recorded. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, intervertebral disk degeneration grade and soft tissue thickness of the PETD approach were recorded. The total blood loss was calculated according to the Gross formula, and then HBL was calculated based on total blood loss and visible blood loss (VBL). The influencing factors were analyzed by single factor correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis.Among the 74 patients, there were 34 males (20-68 y old) and 40 females (26-75 y old). The mean amount of VBL was (85.04±26.53) mL and HBL was (341.04±191.15) mL. There were statistically significant differences between HBL and VBL (P=0.000). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sex (P=0.000), disk degeneration grade (P=0.000), preoperative FIB level (P=0.022) and preoperative platelet (P=0.026) were independent risk factors that contributed to HBL, but age (P=0.870), BMI (P=0.480), hypertension (P=0.867), diabetes (P=0.284), soft tissue thickness (P=0.701), preoperative prothrombin time (P=0.248) and preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time (P=0.521) were not.There was a large amount of HBL during the perioperative period of PETD in patients with LDH. Sex, disk degeneration grade, preoperative FIB level and preoperative platelet are the independent risk factors of HBL in the perioperative period of PETD. More attention should be paid to the patients with risk factors to ensure perioperative safety.

Background & aims Although the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has risen dramatically to 25% of the adult population worldwide, there are as yet no approved pharmacological interventions for the disease due to uncertainty about the underlying molecular mechanisms. It is known that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor in the development of NAFLD. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a critical signaling adaptor for host defenses against viral infection. However, the role of MAVS in mitochondrial metabolism during NAFLD progression remains largely unknown. Approach & results Based on expression analysis, we identified a marked downregulation of MAVS in hepatocytes during NAFLD progression. By employing MAVS global knockout and hepatocyte-specific MAVS knockout mice, we found that MAVS is protective against diet-induced NAFLD. MAVS deficiency induces extensive mitochondrial dysfunction during NAFLD pathogenesis which was confirmed as impaired mitochondrial respiratory capacity and membrane potential. Metabolomics data also showed the extensive metabolic disorders after MAVS deletion. Mechanistically, MAVS interacts with the N-terminal stretch of voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (VDAC2), which is required for the ability of MAVS to influence mitochondrial function and hepatic steatosis. Conclusions In hepatocytes, MAVS plays an important role in protecting against NAFLD by helping to regulate healthy mitochondrial function. These findings provide new insights regarding the metabolic importance of conventional immune regulators and support the possibility that targeting MAVS may represent a new avenue for treating NAFLD.

Aim: It has been reported that necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) is a specific necroptosis inhibitor that could attenuate programmed cell death induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to observe the effect and mechanism of novel Nec-1 analog (Z)-5-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-imine-1-methylimidazolin-4-1 (DIMO) on myocardial I/R injury. Methods: Male SD rats underwent I/R injury with or without different doses of DIMO (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) treatment. Isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment with or without DIMO (0.1, 1, 10, or 100 μM). Myocardial infarction was measured by TTC staining. Cardiomyocyte injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase assay (LDH) and flow cytometry. Receptor-interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1K) and autophagic markers were detected by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis. Molecular docking of DIMO into the ATP binding site of RIP1K was performed using GLIDE. Results: DIMO at doses of 1 or 2 mg/kg improved myocardial infarct size. However, the DIMO 4 mg/kg dose was ineffective. DIMO at the dose of 0.1 μM decreased LDH leakage and the ratio of PI-positive cells followed by OGD/R treatment. I/R or OGD/R increased RIP1K expression and in its interaction with RIP3K, as well as impaired myocardial autophagic flux evidenced by an increase in LC3-II/I ratio, upregulated P62 and Beclin-1, and activated cathepsin B and L. In contrast, DIMO treatment reduced myocardial cell death and reversed the above mentioned changes in RIP1K and autophagic flux caused by I/R and OGD/R. DIMO binds to RIP1K and inhibits RIP1K expression in a homology modeling and ligand docking. Conclusion: DIMO exerts cardioprotection against I/R- or OGD/R-induced injury, and its mechanisms may be associated with the reduction in RIP1K activation and restoration impaired autophagic flux.

An experimental study of the 1st order vibration improvement at engine idle condition of a malfunctional vehicle in development is presented in this work. Firstly, the generation mechanism of the vehicle 1st order vibration problem at engine idle is analyzed based on theoretical analysis. Then, experiments are designed to derive the possible vibration excitation source and transfer path through comprehensive analysis. The powertrain rotational system imbalance exceeding a limit is determined to be the main reason for the vehicle 1st order abnormal vibration. The resonance of the mounting system excited by the powertrain rotational system intensifies the 1st order abnormal vibration. Experimental analyses show that the clutch imbalance severely exceeds the prescribed limit, which confirms the diagnosis of the excitation source, and a significant improvement of about 87% of the 1st order vibration can be achieved by adjusting the clutch imbalance.

Objective To investigate the effect of NLRP3/GSDMD/IL-1β pathway in post epileptic depressive behavior of developmental rats and its possible intervention approaches. Methods Sixty SD male rats aged 21 days were randomly divided into negative Control group, status epilepticus (SE) group, and SE+Dexamethasone (SE+DEX) group (20 each). The temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) model was established by intraperitoneal injection of Lithium chloride-Pilocarpine (Licl-Pilocarpine) in SE group and SE+DEX group, the SE+DEX group was intraperitoneally injected with DEX [3 mg/(kg·d)] after the convulsion ceased for 7 consecutive days. Rats in SE group and Control group were given the same amount of normal saline at the same time point and by the same way. The post epileptic depressive behavior of rats was evaluated by sucrose partiality test (SPT), open field test (OPT) and forced swimming test (FST, n=8). Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to detect the expression levels of protein and mRNA of NLRP3 and GSDMD in the hippocampus (n=3), and the expression level of IL-1β in the hippocampus was detected by ELISA (n=3). Results Compared with control group, the sucrose consumption rate decreased (68.50%±8.65% vs. 87.13%±3.31%), the time spent in the central area of the open field was reduced [(1.25±0.55) s vs. (4.73±2.57) s], the total movement distance decreased [(7.34±1.48) cm vs. (11.01±1.94) cm], while the immobility time (IMT) in water increased [(53.74±22.54) s vs. (27.18±11.86) s] in SE group; Compared with SE group, the sucrose consumption rate increased (78.8%±2.80% vs. 68.50%±8.65%), the time spent in the central area of the open field was prolonged [(4.00±2.35) s vs. (1.25±0.55) s], while the IMT was reduced [(22.85±7.85) s vs. (53.74±22.54) s] in SE+DEX group. All the differences were statistically significant (P

Background: Biogenic Amines (BAs) are biologically active nitrogenous organic compounds of low molecular weight, which are frequently found in a wide variety of foods, beverages and herbs due to their toxic potential in humans. Male Silkworm Moth (MSM), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), has been exploited and utilized as nutritious liquor based on its traditional effects in the Chinese community. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop an HPLC with Dns-Cl derivatization method for characterizing overall BAs in MSM and providing data for further evaluating its activities and safety profiles. Methods: The method has acceptable sensitivity, precision, accuracy, selectivity and recovery, and was successfully applied to the determination of the BAs contents in MSM for the first time. Results: In the analysis of 10 batches of MSM samples, serotonin and dopamine were not found in detectable concentrations in any samples, and the most abundant amine found was putrescine. The mean values of tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine determined in the samples were found to be 34.7 mg/ kg, 16.1 mg/ kg, 218.3 mg/ kg, 37.9 mg/ kg, 12.1 mg/ kg, 18.2 mg/ kg, 4.5mg/ kg, and 0.9 mg/ kg, respectively. Conclusion: The contents of BAs in 10 batches of MSM were below the maximum recommended limits, and MSM can be used safely.

Summary Obesity is characterized by the excessive accumulation of the white adipose tissue (WAT), but healthy expansion of WAT via adipocyte hyperplasia can offset the negative metabolic effects of obesity. Thus, identification of novel adipogenesis regulators that promote hyperplasia may lead to effective therapies for obesity-induced metabolic disorders. Using transcriptomic approaches, we identified transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif-containing 1 (TMBIM1) as an inhibitor of adipogenesis. Gain or loss of function of TMBIM1 in preadipocytes inhibited or promoted adipogenesis, respectively. In vivo, in response to caloric excess, adipocyte precursor (AP)-specific Tmbim1 knockout (KO) mice displayed WAT hyperplasia and improved systemic metabolic health, while overexpression of Tmbim1 in transgenic mice showed the opposite effects. Moreover, mature adipocyte-specific Tmbim1 KO did not affect WAT cellularity or nutrient homeostasis. Mechanistically, TMBIM1 binds to and promotes the autoubiquitination and degradation of NEDD4, which is an E3 ligase that stabilizes PPARγ. Our data show that TMBIM1 is a potent repressor of adipogenesis and a potential therapeutic target for obesity-related metabolic disease.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of advanced maternal age (AMA) on the development of hippocampal neural stem cells in offspring rats. METHODS: Ten 3-month-old and ten 12-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were housed individually with 3-month-old male rats (1:1, n=20), whose offspring rats were assigned to a control group and an AMA group. A total of 40 rats were randomly selected from each group. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blot were used to localize and determine the levels of protein expression of Nestin and doublecortin (DCX) on day 7 as well as neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) on day 28 (n=8 for each marker). Immunofluorescence assay was also used to localize the hippocampal expression of polysialylated isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) on day 14 (n=8 for each marker). RESULTS: According to the Western blot results, the AMA group had significantly lower protein expression of DCX than the control group (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the protein expression of Nestin, NeuN, and GFAP between the two groups (P > 0.05). According to the results of immunofluorescence assay, the AMA group had significantly lower protein expression of Nestin, DCX, and PSA-NCAM in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region than the control group (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences in the above indices in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions between the two groups (P > 0.05). The AMA group had significantly higher expression of NeuN in the hippocampal CA1 region than the control group (P < 0.01), while there were no significant differences in the expression of NeuN in the hippocampal DG and CA3 regions between the two groups (P > 0.05). The AMA group had significantly lower expression of GFAP in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG regions than the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: AMA may cause inhibition of proliferation, survival, and migration of hippocampal neural stem cells. AMA may also affect their differentiation into neurons and astrocytes, which will eventually lead to developmental disorders of hippocampal neural stem cells in offspring rats.

Based on the problem of non-matching of protective characteristics before and after the use of solid-state power distribution, this paper proposes a stress assessment model in the short-circuit mode of solid-state electronic switch, and realizes the calculation method of transient junction temperature of power semiconductor devices in the short-circuit mode. The parasitic parameters and influencing factors of the solid-state power distribution circuit are analyzed based on the whole satellite state. The solution of the front and back level protection characteristics matching is given to ensure the safety of the solid-state power distribution aerospace application, which has a strong guiding significance and application value.

CD47 serves as a ligand for signaling regulatory protein α (SIRPα) and as a receptor for thrombospondin‐1 (TSP‐1). Although CD47, TSP‐1, and SIRPα are thought to be involved in the clearance of aged red blood cells (RBCs), aging‐associated changes in the expression and interaction of these molecules on RBCs have been elusive. Using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM)‐based imaging and quantitative analysis, we can report that CD47 molecules on young RBCs reside as nanoclusters with little binding to TSP‐1, suggesting a minimal role for TSP‐1/CD47 signaling in normal RBCs. On aged RBCs, CD47 molecules decreased in number but formed bigger and denser clusters, with increased ability to bind TSP‐1. Exposure of aged RBCs to TSP‐1 resulted in a further increase in the size of CD47 clusters via a lipid raft‐dependent mechanism. Furthermore, CD47 cluster formation was dramatically inhibited on thbs1 −/− mouse RBCs and associated with a significantly prolonged RBC lifespan. These results indicate that the strength of CD47 binding to its ligand TSP‐1 is predominantly determined by the distribution pattern and not the amount of CD47 molecules on RBCs, and offer direct evidence for the role of TSP‐1 in phagocytosis of aged RBCs. This study provides clear nanoscale pictures of aging‐associated changes in CD47 distribution and TSP‐1/CD47 interaction on the cell surface, and insights into the molecular basis for how these molecules coordinate to remove aged RBCs., On young RBCs (Top), CD47 molecules reside as nanoclusters with minimal binding to TSP‐1 trimmers. On aged RBCs (Bottom), CD47 proteins form bigger and denser clusters and gain increased ability to bind TSP‐1, thus promoting phagocytosis of aged RBCs.

Purpose: To study the alteration of microglial subtypes, the representative markers of microglia, and the morphology of dendrites and dendritic spines after acute status epilepticus (SE) and during recurrent seizures.Methods: A mouse kainate-induced SE model was used. Dendrites and dendritic spines of granule neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion and pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis (CA)1 and cornu ammonis (CA)3 subregions of the hippocampus were visualized by Golgi staining. Synaptic proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis, and microglia and their markers were evaluated by flow cytometry.Results: Extensive partial spine loss was observed in the dendrites of granule and pyramidal cells in the acute and early chronic stages of SE. In terms of spine loss, the thin and mushroom types predominated. Accompanying the spine loss in these two stages, the proportion of M1 microglia increased significantly with high CX3CR1 expression and low CD200R expression. However, at the transiting stage, the proportion of M2 microglia was increased dramatically, and high expression levels of CXCR3 on all microglia and CD68 on M1 microglia were observed. Morris water maze tests revealed significant learning and memory impairment in the chronic phase of epilepsy.Conclusion: Dendritic spines in the hippocampus and microglia in the central nevus system are dynamically altered in epilepsy during the establishment and maintenance of spontaneous seizures. Microglia may contribute to the spine loss and related learning and memory impairment.

To evaluate the effect of L-carnitine (LC) on low sperm acrosin activity in infertile man.A total of 240 male infertility patients with low sperm acrosin activity were randomly assigned to an LC group (n = 180) and a control group (n = 60) to be treated with LC (1g, tid) and vitamin E (VE) capsules (100 mg, tid) respectively, both for 3 months. Based on the results of routine semen analysis, the patients in the experimental group were further divided into oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and normozoospermia subgroups. Semen parameters and sperm acrosin activity were examined before and after treatment.Totally, 220 of the patients completed the treatment and follow-up, 163 in the LC medication and 57 in the VE control group. Compared with the baseline, the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMS) was significantly increased in the LC group after 3 months of treatment (［32.58 ± 1.13］% vs ［36.35 ± 1.26］%, P0.05), and so was sperm acrosin activity (［37.05±0.66］ vs ［58.61±1.93］ μIU/106 sperm, P0.01). Sperm concentration, PMS and sperm acrosin activity were also improved in the VE control group after treatment, but with no statistically significant difference (P0.05). In comparison with pretreatment, remarkable increases were observed after LC medication in sperm concentration in the oligozoospermia subgroup (［11.27 ± 0.73］ vs ［21.82 ± 4.21］ ×10⁶/ml, P0.01) and PMS in the asthenozoospermia patients (［20.61 ± 0.85］% vs ［29.81 ± 1.88］%, P0.01). And sperm acrosin activity was even higher after treatment in the asthenozoospermia than in the oligozoospermia and normozoospermia subgroups (［60.85 ± 3.04］ vs ［56.32 ± 2.86］ and ［57.09 ± 6.31］ μIU/106 sperm, P0.05).L-carnitine can effectively elevate sperm acrosin activity in male infertility patients, particularly in those with asthenozoospermia.

Cadmium is considered one of the most harmful carcinogenic heavy metals in the human body. Although many scientists have performed research on cadmium toxicity mechanism, the toxicokinetic process of cadmium toxicity remains unclear. In the present study, the kinetic response of proteome in/and A549 cells to exposure of exogenous cadmium was profiled. A549 cells were treated with cadmium sulfate (CdSO4 ) for different periods and expressions of proteins in cells were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The kinetic expressions of proteins related to cadmium toxicity were further investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Intracellular cadmium accumulation and content fluctuation of several essential metals were observed after 0-24 hours of exposure by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Fifty-four protein spots showed significantly differential responses to CdSO4 exposure at both 4.5 and 24 hours. From these proteins, four expression patterns were concluded. Their expressions always exhibited a maximum abundance ratio after CdSO4 exposure for 24 hours. The expression of metallothionein-1 and ZIP-8, concentration of total protein, and contents of cadmium, zinc, copper, cobalt and manganese in cells also showed regular change. In synthesis, the replacement of the essential metals, the inhibition of the expression of metal storing protein and the activation of metal efflux system are involved in cadmium toxicity.

In the context of educational informationization, various artificial intelligence and information technologies are widely used in educational reform and teaching practice. Among them, the intelligent identification and big data analysis systems based on student behaviors in class are very meaningful. This paper establishes a learning situation analysis and quality assessment system on the basis of target detection and behavior recognition under class scenarios, and the quality indicators of the degree of positivity and the degree of negativity are defined to achieve a systematic and quantitative assessment of the participatory status of students in class. The application of this system can provide necessary technical supports for individualized learning of students, effective organization and efficient management of teaching.

Yellow River carp is widely cultivated in the world due to its economic value in aquaculture, and the faster growth of females compared to males. It is believed that microRNAs (miRNA) are involved in gonadal differentiation and development. qPCR is the most preferred method for miRNA functional analysis. Reliable reference genes for normalization in qRT-PCR are the key to ensuring the accuracy of this method. The aim of present research was to evaluate as well as identify the efficacy of reference genes for miRNA expression using qRT-PCR in Yellow River carp. Nine ncRNAs (miR-101, miR-23a, let7a, miR-26a, miR-146a, miR-451, U6, 5S, and 18S) were chosen and tested in four sample sets: (1) different tissues in adult carp, (2) different tissues in juvenile carp, (3) different early developmental stages of carp, and (4) different developmental stages of carp gonads. The stability and suitability values were calculated using NormFinder, geNorm, and BestKeeper software. The results showed that 5S was a suitable reference gene in different tissues of adult and juvenile carp. The genes 5S, 18S, and U6 were the most stable reference genes in the early developmental stages of carp. Let-7a and miR-23a were considered as the suitable reference genes in the development of gonads. All these reference genes were subsequently validated using miR-430. The results showed that genes 5S and 18S were the most suitable reference genes to normalize miRNA expression under normal growth conditions in early different developmental stages. The genes Let-7a, and miR-23a were the most suitable in different developmental stages. The present study is the first comprehensive study of the stability of miRNA reference genes in Yellow River carp, providing valuable as well as basic data for investigating more accurate miRNA expression during gonadal differentiation and development of carp.

Targeting at the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) de-NOx system of a coal-fired unit, a NARX-neural-network-based dynamic data modeling method was proposed. Firstly, analyzed the main factors affecting the operation characteristics of SCR de-NOx system. According to the characteristics of operational data, insignificant variables were excluded to simplify the model input variables. Secondly, the dynamic characteristics of the SCR de-NOx system near an equilibrium point were described by using a linear multivariable model of second-order inertia plus pure delay. The nonlinearity of the system was reflected in the change of linear model parameters. Based on this principle, determined the order and the pure lag time of input variables. Lastly, a NARX-neural-network model was developed on the basis of the actual operating data and the validity of the model was confirmed in comparison with the operation data of the SCR de-NOx system of the coal-fired unit.

The most well-known cause of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is doxorubicin (DOX). The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the main cellular machinery for protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. However, the expression pattern of the UPS in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains unclear. C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of DOX (15 mg/kg). After 1, 3 and 5 days, cardiac function and apoptosis were detected with echocardiography and TUNEL assay. Microarray assay and qPCR analysis were also performed at day 5. We found that DOX caused a significant decrease in cardiac function at day 5 and increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis at days 3 and 5. Microarray data revealed that totally 1185 genes were significantly regulated in DOX-treated heart, and genes involved in apoptosis and the UPS were mostly altered. Among them, the expression of 3 immunoproteasome catalytic subunits (β1i, β2i and β5i) was markedly down-regulated. Moreover, DOX significantly decreased proteasome activities and enhanced polyubiquitinated proteins in the heart. Importantly, overexpression of immunoproteasome catalytic subunits (β1i, β2i or β5i) significantly attenuated DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and other UPS gene expression while knockdown of them significantly increased DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These effects were partially associated with increased degradation of multiple pro-apoptotic proteins. In conclusion, our studies suggest that immunoproteasome plays an important role in DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and may be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Podocyte injuries are associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Apelin, an adipocyte-derived peptide, has been reported to be a promoting factor for DN. In this study, we aim to determine whether apelin promotes progression of DN by inducing podocyte dysfunction. kk-Ay mice were used as models for DN. Apelin and its antagonist, F13A were intraperitoneally administered for 4 weeks, respectively. Renal function and foot process proteins were analysed to evaluate the effects of apelin on kk-Ay mice and podocytes. Apelin increased albuminuria and decreased podocyte foot process proteins expression in kk-Ay mice, which is consistent with the results that apelin receptor (APLNR) levels increased in glomeruli of patients or mice with DN. In cultured podocytes, high glucose increased APLNR expression and apelin administration was associated with increased permeability and decreased foot process proteins levels. All these dysfunctions were associated with decreased 26S proteasome activities and increased polyubiquitinated proteins in both kk-Ay mice and cultured podocytes, as demonstrated by 26S proteasome activation with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or oleuropein. These effects seemed to be related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as apelin increased C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and peiFα levels while cAMP or oleuropein reduced it in high glucose and apelin treated podocytes. These results suggest that apelin induces podocyte dysfunction in DN through ER stress which was induced by decreased proteasome activities in podocytes.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-tandem time of flight mass spectrometry MALDI-(TOF/TOF) MS is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and high-resolution method for the characterization of polypeptides. In this article, bacitracin zinc, which is a polypeptide antibiotic, was characterized by MALDI-(TOF/TOF) MS. The mass spectrometry conditions were comprehensively investigated in this study. Nearly complete sequence coverage of bacitracin A was observed in a single tandem mass spectrum by careful adjustment of the instrumental parameters. The primary sequence of bacitracin A was analyzed by a de novo approach. The vibrations of functional groups in the infrared and electron transitions in the ultraviolet absorption spectra of bacitracin zinc were assigned and interpreted. The zinc stoichiometry was determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry. This investigation of bacitracin zinc provides provides sequencing and structural characterization of this polypeptide pharmaceutical mate...

Clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer therapy is limited by its dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. But molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been well defined. This study was to investigate the effect of DOX on the changes of global genomics in hearts. Acute cardiotoxicity was induced by giving C57BL/6J mice a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (15 mg/kg). Cardiac function and apoptosis were monitored using echocardiography and TUNEL assay at days 1, 3 and 5. Myocardial glucose and ATP levels were measured. Microarray assays were used to screen gene expression profiles in the hearts at day 5, and the results were confirmed with qPCR analysis. DOX administration caused decreased cardiac function, increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and decreased glucose and ATP levels. Microarrays showed 747 up-regulated genes and 438 down-regulated genes involved in seven main functional categories. Among them, metabolic pathway was the most affected by DOX. Several key genes, including 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase (Bpgm), hexokinase 2, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 4 and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 2-phosphatase, are closely related to glucose metabolism. Gene co-expression networks suggested the core role of Bpgm in DOX cardiomyopathy. These results obtained in mice were further confirmed in cultured cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, genes involved in glucose metabolism, especially Bpgm, may play a central role in the pathogenesis of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

For realizing the three-dimensional display of machine parts, in UG5.0 graphic drawing environment, it provides an interactive experimental method to carry out the display of IGES graphics, taken as the data-exchanged interface. Based on depth analysis of IGES, with VC++6.0, the information of all figures could be obtained. Through data processing, three-dimensional data of rotary entity could be generated, which is based on 3D data of lathe turning IGES rotary entity. Afterwards, OpenGL graphic processing technologies (with light, material, textures, et al.) were applied on the three-dimensional display of graphics input from files or program modules. Finally the parts designer could get a full view of machine parts, going on with some proper modifications.

Based on the in-depth analysis of the structure of DXF, STL files, there is lots of code information in entities of the 3D entity information-stored DXF files, which isn’t good for the use of the valuable information, ASCII format of STL files store the normal vector and vertex coordinates as 3D graphics data for storage in a cramped construction, easy for reading. While binary format of STL files store the information in bytes by rules. Take box as an example, and VC++6.0 programming language is used to program the data information, so as to read and display DXF file information, conduct data transformation according to the set of transformation rules, finally realizing the DXF and STL’s file transformation and displaying content, providing convenience for the file data reading of different platforms.

Against the defects that the favoritism method and average method in the multi-sensor image fusion are apt to impair the image contrast, an image fusion algorithm based on NSCT is proposed. Firstly, this algorithm applied NSCT to the rectified multi-sensor images from the same scene, then different fusion strategies were adopted to fuse the low-frequency and high-frequency directional sub-band coefficients respectively: regional energy adaptive weighted method was used for low-frequency sub-band coefficient; the directional sub-band coefficient adopted a regional-energy-matching program that combined weighted average method and selection method. Finally, the fusion image was obtained by NSCT inverse transformation. Experiments were conducted to IR and visible light image and multi-focus image respectively. And the fusion image was evaluated objectively. The experimental results show that the fusion image obtained through this algorithm has better subjective visual effects and objective quantitative indicators. It is also superior to the traditional fusion method.