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急性缺血性腦中風(Acute Ischemic Stroke)發作8小時內接受機械取栓術(Endovascular Thrombectomy, EVT)治療，可提升病人預後、降低殘疾嚴重程度，分析2018年1月1日至2019年4月30日共計55位個案，其中7位案例合併其他原因、急性疾病故排除，因此由急診檢傷至抵達血管攝影室接受穿刺止之個案數共計48名。參考文獻後，將檢傷至穿刺時間(Door-to-Puncture Time)之目標值設定為120分鐘。48名個案從入急診到接受EVT時間平均值為173分鐘，達成率僅10.4%，平均住院日為36.8天。參考國際文獻及標竿北市醫中後，發現仍有改善空間，即成立跨領域照護團隊，分析延遲原因為人員對檢查流程備物生疏、傳呼不到傳送員、資訊系統不完備、訊息傳遞異常等，團隊共同制定跨單位機械取栓護理交班單、搶救急性中風衛教單、創意研發固定帶、增設計時器及EVT Bundle包、修訂腦中風暨機械取栓標準流程及傳送員管理辦法後，接受EVT病人平均時間由173分鐘降至112.6分鐘、120分鐘內完成EVT比率由10.4%提升至68.8%。由品管圈的執行，不但優化了各單位作業流程、縮短治療時間，更提供病人即時且優質的照護。 Multiple studies have indicated that receiving an endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) within 8 hours from the onset of acute ischemic stroke substantially improves the patient’s prognosis and reduces the likelihood of disability. In this study, we analyzed 55 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent an EVT between January 1, 2018, and April 30, 2019, at Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. From these patients, 48 were included in the final analysis and 7 were excluded for other reasons, such as having concomitant acute illnesses. According to a literature review, we set our optimum door-to-puncture (D2P) time to within 120 minutes, starting from the arrival at the emergency department to the time of arterial puncture for EVT. The average D2P time for the 48 patients was 173 minutes, and only 10.4% of the patients had a D2P time that was less than 120 minutes (our target), with an average hospital stay of 36.8 days. Room for improvement remained, as indicated by comparisons with data from international studies and from other medical centers in Taipei. Therefore, we formed a multidisciplinary team and identified the causes of the delays, including staff unfamiliarity with the clinical protocol, insufficient manpower for transportation, lack of information technology support, and ineffective communication among different departments. The team then worked together and formulated a nursing staff sign-off checklist for EVT, published educational pamphlets advocating timely interventions for acute stroke for the general public, and invented a head immobilization hood for patients with stroke. A timer was also placed at the triage desk to assist with adherence to the protocol. In addition, an institutional protocol including porter management was established as part of our EVT bundle. After the implementation of such an EVT bundle strategy, 68.8% of our patients had a D2P time of less than 120 minutes (up from 10.4%) and the average D2P time decreased from 173 to 112.6 minutes. In conclusion, by establishing a quality control circle, we not only streamlined the workflow among different departments but also optimized the treatment cycle and provided our patients with the best care possible. &nbsp

Introduction: The chemoresistance mechanism of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is still poorly understood, and patient prognosis remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed to investigate drug resistance mechanisms in non-germinal center B-cell-like (non-GCB) DLBCL. Methods: Doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant OCI-Ly3 cells were generated through long-term incubation of cells in a medium with gradually increasing DOX concentrations. The expression levels of genes related to drug metabolism were determined using a functional gene grouping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Drug-resistant proteins were identified using bioinformatics, and molecular association networks were subsequently generated. The association and mechanism of key genes were determined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay System and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). The expression of drug-resistant genes and target genes was then measured using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between gene expressions was analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: Using the PCR array, MDR1 was identified as the key gene that regulates DOX resistance in OCI-Ly3/DOX-A100, a non-GCB DLBCL cell line. The dual-luciferase reporter assay system demonstrated that MDR1 transcription could be inhibited by PRDM1. ChIP results showed that PRDM1 had the ability to bind to the promoter region (−1,132 to −996) of MDR1. In OCI-Ly3/DOX cells, NF-κB activity and PRDM1 expression decreased with an increase in drug-resistant index, whereas MDR1 expression increased with enhanced drug resistance. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that relative MDR1 expression was higher than that of PRDM1 in human DLBCL tissue samples. A negative correlation was observed between MDR1 and PRDM1. Conclusion: In non-GCB DLBCL cells, NF-κB downregulates PRDM1 and thereby promotes MDR1 transcription by terminating PRDM1-induced transcriptional inhibition of MDR1. Such a mechanism may explain the reason for disease recurrence in non-GCB DLBCL after R-CHOP or combined CHOP with bortezomib treatment. Our findings may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing drug resistance in patients with DLBCL.

In order to reply to the contemporary skeptic’s argument for the conclusion that we don’t have any empirical knowledge about the external world, several authors have proposed different fallibilist theories of knowledge that reject the epistemic closure principle. Holliday (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 44(1), 1–62 2015a), however, shows that almost all of them suffer from either the problem of containment or the problem of vacuous knowledge or both. Furthermore, Holliday (2015b) suggests that the fallibilist should allow a proposition to have multiple sets of relevant alternatives, each of which is sufficient while none is necessary, if all its members are eliminated, for knowing that proposition. Not completely satisfied with Holliday’s multi-path reply to the skeptic, the author suggests a new single-path relevant-possibility theory of knowledge and argues that it can avoid both the problem of containment and the problem of vacuous knowledge of a certain sort while rejecting skepticism about the external world.

Mineral medicine is a characteristic element of advantage of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), which embodies unique scientific connotation. Cinnabaris is a characteristic drug in Chinese medicinal preparations, especially in Chinese medicinal pediatric preparations. Because of the adverse reactions caused by mercury contained, the safety and application of Cinnabaris have attracted much attention. To explore the application regularity and the value of the pediatric preparations containing Cinnabaris, this study statistically analyzed 32 Cinnabaris-contained pediatric preparations in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and 105 pediatric preparations containing Cinnabaris in the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions(Vol. Ⅰ and Ⅱ). The statistical results indicated that the pediatric preparations and formulae containing Cinnabaris had great advantages in the treatment of pediatric convulsions, but there were still problems in dosage form, dosage, and quality control. In this study, ICP-MS and LC-AFS were further used to determine the content of total mercury and soluble mercury in 15 commercially available pediatric preparations containing Cinnabaris. It was found that the total mercury content was far higher than soluble mercury content in the sample preparations, and there was no obvious correlation between them. According to the results, the research and application strategies of Cinnabaris were put forward in order to provide references for the rational application of Cinnabaris in pediatric preparations.

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression level of plasma miR-106b-5p in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and its correlation with the levels of T helper 17 cell (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg) and the Th17/Treg ratio. METHODS: A total of 79 children with ITP (ITP group) and 40 healthy children (control group) were selected as subjects. According to the treatment response, the 79 children with ITP were divided into three groups: complete response (n=40), partial response (n=18), and non-response (n=21). Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression level of miR-106b-5p. Flow cytometry was used to measure the frequencies of Th17 and Treg, and the Th17/Treg ratio was calculated. The correlation of the expression level of plasma miR-106b-5p with the frequencies of Th17 and Treg and the Th17/Treg ratio was analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the ITP group had significantly higher levels of miR-106b-5p, Th17, and Th17/Treg ratio (P

Analyzing learners’ learning behaviors helps teachers understand how learning behaviors of learners influence learning performance. To determine which learning behaviors influence learners’ science-based inquiry learning performance, this work develops an xAPI (Experience Application Programming Interface)-based learning record store module embedded in a Collaborative Web-based Inquiry Science Environment (CWISE) to record detailed data about students’ learning processes. This work discusses whether the significant correlation and cause-effect relationship among science inquiry competence, learning time, and learning performance exist, and examines whether remarkable shifts and differences in the learning behaviors of learners with different learning performances and inquiry competences exist by using sequential pattern mining and lag sequential analysis. The results demonstrate that inquire ability, total learning time in the designed inquiry learning course, and learning time in an inquiry buoyancy simulation experiment are positively correlated with learning performance and can predict learning performance, and the learning time in the inquiry buoyancy simulation experiment appears to be the most significant predictor. The results of lag sequential analyses indicate that learners with high learning performance and high inquiry competence re-adjust hypotheses after performing an inquiry buoyancy simulation experiment, while learners with low learning performance and low inquiry competence lack this critical inquiry learning behavior. This study presents a systematic analysis method to insight the effective learning behaviors in a web-based inquiry learning environment based on mining students’ learning processes, thus providing potential benefits in guiding learners to adjust their learning behaviors and strategies.

Ganoderic acids (GAs), a group of highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids from the traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, possessed significant pharmacological activities. Due to the difficulty in its genetic manipulation, low yield, and slow growth of G. lucidum, biosynthesis of GAs in a heterologous host is a promising alternative for their efficient production. Heterologous production of a GA, 3-hydroxy-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid (HLDOA), was recently achieved by expressing CYP5150L8 from Ganoderma lucidum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but post-modification of HLDOA to biosynthesize other GAs remains unclear. In this study, another P450 from G. lucidum, CYP5139G1, was identified to be responsible for C-28 oxidation of HLDOA, resulting in the formation of a new GA 3,28-dihydroxy-lanosta-8,24-dien-26-oic acid (DHLDOA) by the engineered yeast, whose chemical structure was confirmed by UPLC-APCI-HRMS and NMR. In vitro enzymatic experiments confirmed the oxidation of HLDOA to DHLDOA by CYP5139G1. As the DHLDOA production was low (0.27 mg/L), to improve it, the strategy of adjusting the dosage of hygromycin and geneticin G418 to respectively manipulate the copy number of plasmids pRS425-Hyg-CYP5150L8-iGLCPR (harboring CYP5150L8, iGLCPR, and hygromycin-resistant gene hygR) and pRS426-KanMx-CYP5139G1 (harboring CYP5139G1 and G418-resistant gene KanMx) was adopted. Finally, 2.2 mg/L of DHLDOA was obtained, which was 8.2 fold of the control (without antibiotics addition). The work enriches the GA biosynthetic enzyme library, and is helpful to construct heterologous cell factories for other GA production as well as to elucidate the authentic GA biosynthetic pathway in G. lucidum. KEY POINTS: • Another P450 gene responsible for GA's post-modification was discovered and identified. • One new GA, DHLDOA, was identified and produced via engineered yeast. • With the balance of the two CYP genes expression, DHLDOA production was significantly improved.

The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is closely related to immune response changes. Further exploration of the pathobiology of AML focusing on immune-related genes would contribute to the development of more advanced evaluation and treatment strategies. In this study, we established a novel immune-17 signature based on transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. We found that immune biology processes and transcriptional dysregulations are critical factors in the development of AML through enrichment analyses. We also formulated a prognostic model to predict the overall survival of AML patients by using LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) regression analysis. Furthermore, we incorporated the immune-17 signature to improve the prognostic accuracy of the ELN2017 risk stratification system. We concluded that the immune-17 signature represents a novel useful model for evaluating AML survival outcomes and may be implemented to optimize treatment selection in the next future.

To analyze the relationship of the expression of transcription factor MYB targeted regulation by miR-96 to cell invasion and apoptosis in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).A total of 65 children with AML in The 928 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Forces from January 2017 to November 2019 were selected, including 35 cases diagnosed as primary AML and 30 cases as complete remission AML. Thirty children with immune thrombocytopenia were selected as control group. The clinical characteristics were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The levels of miR-96 and MYB in peripheral blood samples were detected by qRT-PCR and compared between the two groups. The miR-96 mimics and its negative control (NC), inhibitor-miR-96 and its NC transfected HL60 cells induced by liposome (Lipofectamine 2000), respectively, Then the expression levels of MYB were detected with Western blot and compared among four HL60 cell groups. The invasion ability of four HL60 cell groups were detected with Transwell assay. The cell proliferation ability of four HL60 cell groups were detected with MTT at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, respectively. The apoptosis rates of four HL60 cell groups were detected with flow cytometry.Compared with control group, the level of miR-96 in AML children were higher, but MYB lower (P0.05). Compared with complete remission AML, the level of miR-96 in primary AML was higher, but MYB lower (P0.05). Western blot analysis showed that, the expression level of MYB in the four HL60 cell groups was different (P0.05), the lowest was in miR-96 mimics group, followed by miR-96 NC group and inhibitor-miR-96 NC group, and the highest in inhibitor-miR-96 group (P0.05), while there was no difference between miR-96 NC group and inhibitor-miR-96 NC group (P0.05). The promotion of over-expression level of miR-96 on the invasion ability of HL 60 cells was confirmed by Transwell assay. MTT assay showed that miR-96 could promote the proliferation of HL60 cells, inhibit the apoptosis of HL60 cells, and the effect was time-dependent manner (r=0.804). The inhibition of miR-96 on HL60 cells apoptosis was also confirmed with flow cytometry.MiR-96 has significant negative effect on invasion and apoptosis of AML cells by targeting regulation MYB, and it might be a potential novel strategy for pediatric AML treatment.miR-96调控MYB表达与儿童急性髓系白血病细胞侵袭及凋亡活性相关性分析.分析儿童急性髓系白血病（AML）血清miR-96靶向调控沉默转录因子MYB表达水平与侵袭及凋亡活性的相关性.选择2017年1月至2019年11月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九二八医院确诊AML患儿共65例（其中35例初发，30例完全缓解），同时选择30例免疫性血小板减少患儿作为对照组。分析两组患儿的临床特征。qRT-PCR检测并比较两组患儿外周血标本中miR-96与MYB的表达水平；通过脂质体Lipofectamine 2000介导将miR-96 mimics及其阴性对照（NC）、inhibitor-miR-96及其NC转染至4组HL60细胞，采用Western blot检测各组细胞MYB表达水平；采用Transwell法检测细胞的侵袭能力；分别在24、48和72 h采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）细胞增殖试验检测细胞增殖活性；采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率.与对照组比较，AML患儿miR-96呈高表达，而MYB呈低表达（P0.05）。与完全缓解AML患儿相比，初发AML患儿miR-96高表达，MYB呈低表达（P0.05）。Western blot检测显示，miR-96转染后4组HL60细胞MYB的表达水平存在差异（P0.05），miR-96 mimics组最低，miR-96 NC组与inhibitor-miR-96 NC组次之，inhibitor-miR-96组最高（P0.05），而miR-96 NC组与inhibitor-miR-96 NC组无差异（P0.05）。Transwell法检测显示，miR-96过表达对HL60细胞侵袭具有促进效应。MTT细胞增殖试验显示，miR-96促进HL60细胞增殖，抑制凋亡，具有时间依赖性（r=0.804）。流式细胞术检测结果显示，miR-96抑制HL60细胞凋亡作用.miR-96通过靶向负调控MYB表达水平影响AML细胞侵袭及凋亡水平，可能成为治疗儿童AML的一个新策略.

The development of logic research in Taiwan is intertwined with Taiwan’s social and historical development. ZHENG Wenhui said: “The emergence and development of any logic theory can find its historical root in society.” (Zheng 1994: 4) We think that the development of logic research in Taiwan is a concrete example of this general rule. The present research shows that logic studies in Taiwan have been closely linked to changes in political and economical situations. Therefore, we take radical changes or major events that happened in political and economical situations to be the main cut-off points of the development of logic studies in Taiwan. Accordingly, we divide the development of logic research in Taiwan into four different historical stages and characterize them stage by stage. The infant stage is the period before 1945 during the Japanese occupation. The next stage of development starts in 1945 with the retrocession of Taiwan to the R.O.C. and ends in 1964, the year before the “economic take-off” of Taiwan. In the third stage, running from 1964 to 1987, Taiwan underwent rapid economic growth and the enforcement of martial law, allowing logic research to have a very good opportunity to develop. Finally, with the democratization of Taiwan from 1987 until now, logic in Taiwan has prospered fruitfully. Each stage has its own characteristics, as stated below.

Disagreeing with most authors on vagueness, the author proposes a solution that he calls ‘three-valued semantic pluralism’ to the age-old sorites paradox. In essence, it is a three-valued semantics for a first-order vague language with identity with the additional suggestion that a vague language has more than one correct interpretation. Unlike the traditional three-valued approach to a vague language, three-valued semantic pluralism can accommodate the phenomenon of higher-order vagueness and the phenomenon of penumbral connection when equipped with ‘suitable conditionals’. The author also shows that three-valued semantic pluralism is a natural consequence of a restricted form of the Tolerance principle ( $$\hbox {T}_R$$ ) and a few related ideas, and argues that ( $$\hbox {T}_R$$ ) is well-motivated by considerations about how we learn, teach, and use vague predicates.

B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) ensures B-cell differentiation into the plasma cell stage, and its instability constitutes a crucial oncogenic element in certain aggressive cases of activated B cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL). However, the underlying degradation mechanisms and their possible therapeutic relevance remain unexplored. Here, we show that N-terminal misfolding mutations in ABC-DLBCL render Blimp-1 protein susceptible to proteasome-mediated degradation but spare its transcription-regulating activity. Mechanistically, whereas wild-type Blimp-1 metabolism is triggered in the nucleus through PML-mediated sumoylation, the degradation of lymphoma-associated mutants is accelerated by subversion of this pathway to Hrd1-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration and ubiquitination. Screening experiments identifies the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) that selects Blimp-1 mutants for Hrd1 association, and HSP70 inhibition restores their nuclear accumulation and oncorepressor activities without disrupting normal B-cell maturation. Therefore, HSP70-Hrd1 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for restoring the oncorepressor activity of unstable lymphoma-associated Blimp-1 mutants., The transcriptional repressor Blimp-1 has an important role in B-cell differentiation. Here the authors show that lymphoma-associated Blimp-1 mutants are selectively recognized by HSP70-Hrd1, which leads to their accelerated degradation and propose HSP70 inhibition as a therapeutic approach for certain lymphomas.

Municipal solid waste (MSW) specimens were created from synthetic fresh MSW degraded in a laboratory scale enhanced degradation reactor. The degree of degradation and saturated hydraulic conductivity ks were measured to study the effects of compression and degradation on ks of MSW. The degree of degradation was characterized through the ratio of cellulose content to lignin content (i.e., C/L) and the loss ratio of volatile solid (i.e., DOD). ks of MSW specimens with different degrees of degradation was measured through triaxial permeameter tests under different confining pressures. It was found that, when the degradation time increased from 0month to 18months, ks decreased less than 1 order of magnitude for specimens with the same porosity (i.e., n=0.63 or 0.69). However, for specimens with the same degradation time, the decrease of ks could reach 2 orders of magnitude with n decreasing from 0.8 to 0.6. It indicates that compression has much greater influence on the reduction of ks than that of degradation. Based on the Kozeny-Carman model and first-order kinetics, a prediction model related to n and C/L (or DOD) of MSW was proposed to analyze the evolution of ks with compression and biodegradation. The methods to determine the values of model parameters were also proposed.

Rosiglitazone (ROSI), an oral antidiabetic agent, has been reported the anti-cancer properties recent years. In this paper, the potency of ROSI as a synergistic drug for vincristine (VCR) on resistant oral cancer cells was investigated. We found that ROSI potently enhanced the susceptibility of KB cells or KB/V cells to VCR in a dose manner and the synergy in KB/V cells was much more prominent than that in KB cells. The synergistic anti-proliferative effect of ROSI and VCR was associated with inhibition on tubulin polymerization, cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and cell apoptosis induction, but has no effect on drug efflux-protein P-gp and was independent with PPARγ. The combination treatment of ROSI and VCR could regulate the PTEN/PI3K/AKT survival pathway with an upregulation of PTEN and down-regulation of p-AKT. The effect of G2/M phase arrest was associated with the upregulation of cyclin B1 and downregulation of p-cdc2. The apoptosis induction of ROSI and VCR was partly due to an upregulation of cleaved PARP and downregulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In addition, combination treatment of ROSI and VCR had also shown anti-angiogenic effect by suppressing the migration and blocking the capillary tube formation of HUVECs. More importantly, this combination treatment induced an acceptably weak cytotoxicity in human normal HL-7702 cells, GES-1 cells and HUVECs. Taken together, ROSI may be used as a potential compound for combinatorial therapy or as a complement to VCR for treatment on oral cancer, especially on that have acquired resistance to VCR therapy.

This study investigated the cytotoxic effect of oridonin (ORI), a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, in human diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in vitro and in vivo and the potential molecular mechanisms for ORI-induced cell apoptosis. ORI treatment caused reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative DNA damage response (DDR) and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway activation, leading to an induction of intrinsic apoptosis. ROS abolition blocked ORI-induced apoptosis and attenuated the expression of phospho-histone H2AX and phospho-JNK, indicating that ROS-mediated DNA damage and JNK pathway activation were involved in ORI-induced apoptosis. The systemic administration of ORI suppressed the growth of human DLBCL xenografts without showing significant toxicity. These findings suggest that ORI may have promising therapeutic application in DLBCL.

Ganoderic acid (GA), a triterpenoid from the traditional Chinese medicinal higher fungus Ganoderma lucidum, possesses antitumor and other significant pharmacological activities. Owing to the notorious difficulty and immaturity in genetic manipulation of higher fungi as well as their slow growth, biosynthesis of GAs in a heterologous host is an attractive alternative for their efficient bioproduction. In this study, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a host, we did a systematic screening of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) gene candidates from G. lucidum, which may be responsible for the GA biosynthesis from lanosterol but have not been functionally characterized. As a result, overexpression of a CYP450 gene cyp5150l8 was firstly found to produce an antitumor GA, 3-hydroxy-lanosta-8, 24-dien-26 oic acid (HLDOA) in S. cerevisiae, as confirmed by HPLC, LC-MS and NMR. A final titer of 14.5 mg/L of HLDOA was obtained at 120 hr of the yeast fermentation. Furthermore, our in vitro enzymatic experiments indicate that CYP5150L8 catalyzes a three-step biotransformation of lanosterol at C-26 to synthesize HLDOA. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the heterologous biosynthesis of GAs. The results will be helpful to the GA biosynthetic pathway elucidation and to future optimization of heterologous cell factories for GA production.

Exothermic decomposition of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) was measured and assessed for determination of onset or threshold point which is essential for hazard evaluation or early detection of runaway reaction. Thermal decomposition of DTBP was conducted by differential scanning calorimeter and thermal scanning unit. Criteria of onset points are determined by and compared by the deflection curve of exothermic behavior (or heat flow), selected pressure, self-heat rate, or pressure-rising rate, respectively. Exothermic onset temperature of DTBP can be determined as low as 73.5 °C by pressure selected at 1.5 bar. Onset point determined by selected pressure is more sensitive and superior to the onset temperature traditionally measured by thermal analysis, adiabatic calorimetry using heat-wait-search methodology or theoretical approaches.

The nerve growth factor (NGF) is a growth factor that belongs to the neurotrophin family. NGF has two structurally different receptors, the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and the tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA). Interaction of NGF with its receptors regulates a variety of physiological processes of neuronal system. Recent studies have shown that NGF and its receptors were involved in the regulation of tumourigenesis by either supporting or suppressing tumor growth depending on the tumor types. This review summarizes the current views of NGF and its receptors in tumorigenesis and cancer pain.

We evaluated the efficacy of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in combination with the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor everolimus for treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The combination of rituximab and everolimus was more effective for inhibiting cell growth compared with single-agent therapy. An increase in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and an increased population of cells in apoptosis were observed in the combination treatment group. The addition of rituximab reduced the overexpression of p-AKT caused by the negative feedback loop of everolimus and had an enhanced effect on inhibition of mTOR signaling, thus providing a rationale for this synergistic effect. Furthermore, combination treatment was also more effective than treatment with either agent alone for inhibiting the growth of DLBCL xenografts. Our study provides preclinical evidence and a theoretical basis for combination therapy with rituximab and everolimus in DLBCL.

We demonstrate the synergistic antitumor effect of oridonin and the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 on the non-germinal center B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (non-GCB DLBCL) both in vitro and in vivo. The underlying mechanism may be multifunctional, involving apoptosis, AKT/mTOR and NF-kB inactivation, and ROS-mediated DNA damage response. Our findings pave the way for a new potential treatment option for non-GCB DLBCL with the combination of oridonin and NVP-BEZ235. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-016-0303-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A village of Yubei, the typical area of north of Henan Province was selected. A field study was conducted in the traditional adobe house and newly built brick house, indoor and outdoor temperature, relative humidity and other indoor thermal environment parameters were obtained in winter. The results indicated that the indoor thermal environment in new and old folk houses were all lower than the local residential building thermal environment standard. Test data show that open the north door and one font design is the main reason leading to the adobe building indoor thermal environment is poor, and brick house around the main room layout features of "disposition" design is the main reason to maintain its good indoor thermal environment. The results provided the basis for the improvement of indoor thermal environment and the design of new residential buildings in this area, which provided the basis for the energy saving and sustainable development of rural residential buildings.

Compared with normal reflecting scanning transform Spectrometry, cube-based Spectrometr is a key component in the time-based modulation interference spectrometer, it have more compact structure ,using less accessory , easy to fix up , more steadily and more practicality . Calculations on optical path difference (OPD) of spectrometry play an important role in analyzing and improving of the structure. Following the law of Malus and the geometrical relationship of model, get the formula of OPD and the affective factors .The calculation results demonstrate that OPD is closely related to the tilted angel of rotating reflector , the size of cube reflector and the refractive index of reflector. And this kind of spectrometry has the character of high resolution, especial in some spectrum.

In order to explore micro-beam relaxation dynamics of MEMS, the beam deflection relaxation expression considering air slide-film damping effect was educed based on Euler–Bernoulli equation with boundary conditions of two hinged ends. The beam deflection relaxation process under over damping, critical damping and under damping was calculated used Maple. The relaxation simulation data of micro-beam with two hinged ends used ANSYS demonstrate that relaxation process conform to theoretical calculation and relaxation period of under damping relaxation approximate constant when damping coefficient is small, but increase significantly when damping coefficient is large.

An enantioselective membrane was prepared using cellulose acetate as the membrane material. Cellulose acetate was chosen as it is in widespread use already for separations and cellulose triacetate is the first practical chiral stationary phase of polysaccharide due to the multichiral carbons in its molecular structure unit. The flux and permselective properties of a membrane was studied using a 33.3% ethanol solution of (R, S)-trans-stilbene oxide as the feed solution. The top surface and cross-section morphology of the resulting membrane were examined using scanning electron microscopy. An optical resolution of over 85% enantiomeric excess was achieved when the enantioselective membrane was prepared with 30 wt.% cellulose acetate and 25 wt.% N,N-dimethylformamide in the casting solution of acetone; 5 min was the time for evaporation of the liquid membrane, and a 10 °C water bath was used for the gelation of the membrane; the operating pressure and the feed concentration of the trans-stilbene oxide were 2 kgf/cm2 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. This is the first report that cellulose acetate can be used as a membrane material for isolating optical isomers. This work indicates that the large-scale purification of chiral molecules from racemic mixtures will be realized by the enantioselective membrane technique in the near future and that the enantioselective cellulose acetate membrane could soon become very attractive for industrial uses.

Expression profiles of nine rice heat shock protein genes (OsHSPs) were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The nine genes exhibited distinctive expression in different organs. Expression of nine OsHSP genes was affected differentially by abiotic stresses and abscisic acid (ABA). All nine OsHSP genes were induced strongly by heat shock treatment, whereas none of them were induced by cold. The transcripts of OsHSP80.2, OsHSP71.1 and OsHSP23.7 were increased during salt tress treatment. Expression of OsHSP80.2 and OsHSP24.1 genes were enhanced while treated with 10% PEG. Only OsHSP71.1 was induced by ABA while OsHSP24.1 was suppressed by ABA. These observations imply that the nine OsHSP genes may play different roles in plant development and abiotic stress responses.

An enantioselective membrane was prepared using cellulose acetate butyrate as a membrane material. The flux and permselective properties of membrane using 50% ethanol solution of (R,S)-trans-stilbene oxide as feed solution were studied. The top surface and cross-section morphology of the resulting membrane were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The resolution of over 92% enantiomeric excess was achieved when the enantioselective membrane was prepared with 15 wt % cellulose acetate butyrate and 30 wt % N,N-dimethylformamide in the casting solution of acetone, 10 °C temperature of water bath for the gelation of the membrane, and the operating pressure and the feed concentration of the trans-stilbene oxide were 3 kgf/cm2 and 5.2 mmol/L, respectively. Since the cellulose acetate butyrate contained a large amount of asymmetric carbons on the backbone structure, it was possible to form helical structure, this was considered to be the reason for the enantioselectivity of the membrane.

Epoxy-acrylate sample was prepared by two-stage feed emulsion polymerization. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectra indicated the acrylic and styrene monomer were grafted onto epoxy resin. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that epoxy-acrylate composite particles with different epoxy resin content stained by pH1.5 phosphotungstic acid (PTA) had an obvious core-shell structure, with styrene-acrylate as the core and epoxy resin as the shell. TEM micrographs also showed the acrylate cores concentrically or eccentrically were positioned inside epoxy resin shells, which was consonant with the particle structures designed. But the Epoxy Resin/Methyl Methacrylate (EP/MMA) particles showed a strange quadrangle-like structure and Epoxy Resin/Methyl Methacrylate/ Butyl Acrylate (EP/MMA/BA) particles showed a hexagon-like structure, which were different from the normal particle structures.

As the cellulose acetate butyrate possessed multichiral carbon atoms in its molecular structure unit, enantioselective membrane was prepared using cellulose acetate butyrate as membrane material. The flux and permselective properties of membrane using aqueous solutions of ( R , S )-2-phenyl-1-propanol as feed solution was studied. The top surface and cross-section morphology of the resulting membranes were examined by scanning electron microscopy. When the membrane was prepared with 15 wt.% cellulose acetate butyrate and 20 wt.% DMF in the casting solution, and the operating pressure and feed concentration of racemate were 2 kgf/cm 2 and 5 mmol/L, respectively, over 98% of enantiomeric excess (e.e.) was obtained. This is a report, for the first time, that the cellulose acetate butyrate is used as optical resolution membrane material for isolating the optical isomers of ( R , S )-2-phenyl-1-propanol.