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In 2016, two adult male sperm whales beached off of Yangkou Port in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China. The local government planned to preserve them as specimens, one was entrusted to Dalian Hoffen Biological Co., Ltd., and thus became the first sperm whale to be preserved by plastination. The other sperm whale was preserved in Nantong by the traditional stripping method (The skin was preserved, and then the prosthesis was filled into the skin to preserve the specimens. The material of the prosthesis was polyurethane. The outline of the animal was sculpted by suturing the skin like a bag and filling it with polyurethane). Plastination of such a large marine mammal allowed us to view the mutual adaptations of its internal structure to its specific living environment and daily habits. This sperm whale is the largest specimen in the world and this is the first time a sperm whale has been preserved using the plastination method. The plastination process also provides a method for studying the anatomy of large marine mammals for humans to understand deep-sea organisms at close contact and visual level. The plastination of this sperm whale promises to be a world class resource holding tremendous scientific, educational, and artistic value.

Objective Nurse's dimission and attrition are globally considered as a public health issue. However, few studies have focused on the nurse shortage from the perspective of intent to stay, as previous studies have focused only on why they left. The purpose of this study was to conduct an integrative review of the factors connected with why nurses in China, Japan, and Korea stay in their current workplace. Methods The review was done using three databases namely CNKI, Wanfang, and Web of science. The relevant studies published by Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans from 2010 were also included in this review. Literature screening and data extraction were performed by the two researchers, and the qualitative research methods were used for analysis. Results A total of 17 studies were analyzed in this review and of these two were qualitative and 15 were quantitative. Three themes and six sub-themes emerged from the synthesization of the data of 17 studies, which will help us to find the factors for nurses’ intent to stay. The three aspects such as professional characteristics, nurses’ individual characteristics, and organizational factors are the main contributing factors of nurses’ intent to stay. Conclusions This integrated review has thrown some important factors about nurses’ intent to stay. It is increasingly clear that when (1) nurses have a good professional status, (2) nurses could enjoy a good working relationship, (3) the workplace could meet the needs of personal development, and (4) nurses have good organizational support and excellent leaders, they are inclined to stay in their current jobs. Managers need to adopt targeted measures to improve nurses’ intent to stay and to provide a practical reference for health care institutions and managers in different countries and areas to increase the retention rate of nurses and to alleviate the current situation of nurse shortage.

Based on the relationship between circuits (systems) and the signals in the circuits (systems), the theory of expansion Boolean algebra is presented in this paper. Static complementary logic circuits and static pass transistors logic circuits have been used to implement the high-speed and low-power-consumption cells circuits in CMOS VLSI systems. It is important to study the extraction method of logic expressions for these types of circuits. By analyzing the operations principles of MOS transistors in CMOS circuits, the theory of expansion Boolean algebra of CMOS logical circuits is presented. Based on the algebraic theory, a method of extracting the logic expressions from the two types of CMOS logical circuits is derived. On the basis of the method, a switch-level design method of CMOS logic circuits based on the algebra theory is presented, and the design method is used to design the high-speed and low-power full adder cells in CMOS VLSI systems. By the results of the simulation experiments, it is shown that the pass transistors and transmission gates hybrid CMOS full adder circuits proposed in this paper have a lower power-delay product by comparison with the full adder circuits designed by using other methods.

To reveal differences in the pattern of trabecular architecture in the epiphysis and metaphysis of the proximal tibia. The trabecular architecture of the proximal tibia was observed in 27 P45 plastinated knee specimens. In the medial and lateral condyles, under the articular cartilage surrounded by the medial or lateral meniscus, the cancellous bone is formed by thick and dense trabecular bands, which run longitudinally in the epiphysis and then pass through the epiphyseal line to terminate on the slanted cortex of the metaphysis. In the intercondylar eminence, the trabeculae are arranged basically in a network. In the central portion of the tibial metaphysis, cancellous bone consists of fine arcuate trabeculae, which extend to the anterior and posterior cortices, respectively. These trabeculae are intersected sparsely and form trusses over the medullary cavity. Near the areas of attachment of the iliotibial tract, tibial collateral ligament, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and patellar ligament, the cancellous bone is locally reinforced with patchy trabeculae, dense radiating trabeculae, or two orthotropic trabecular bands. This study provides further accurate anatomical information on the trabeculae of the proximal tibia. The soft structures of knee joint, including the articular cartilage, menisci, and ligaments, and the slanted cortices of the metaphysis are important landmarks for the location of different arrangements of the cancellous architecture. The present results are beneficial for clinical diagnosis and treatment of pathologies of the knee joint, or the establishment of a finite element analysis model of the knee joint.

Background The fibula is only indirectly involved in the composition of the human knee joint and has therefore been neglected in the research on knee osteoarthritis. Nonuniform settlement of the proximal tibia plateau is clinically defined as when the height of the medial tibial plateau is lower than that of the lateral side in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The non-uniform settlement of the proximal tibia plateau may be caused by fibular support on the lateral side. Orthopedic surgeons practice partial fibulectomy based on the clinical manifestation of nonuniform settlement, and this technique has been shown to reduce pain and improve function in patients with medial compartment KOA. However, this hypothesis of the mechanism of nonuniform settlement lacks an anatomical basis. Methods The P45 polyester plastination technique was used to prepare sections of the proximal tibiofibular joint to investigate the distribution of the bone trabeculae in the region of the lateral tibial plateau. Results There was uneven distribution of trabeculae in the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head and neck of the fibula. The fibula and the posterolateral cortex of the shaft of the tibia united to form an arch beam via the tibiofibular joint. Many thick, dense trabeculae were present in a longitudinal direction above the tibiofibular arch. Conclusions The fibula supports the lateral tibial plateau, and the trabeculae were concentrated above the tibiofibular arch.

Study design A scanning electron microscopic study performed on three cadaveric specimens focused on the human suboccipital region, specifically, myodural bridge (MDB). Objective This study showed the connection form of the MDB among the suboccipital muscles, the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane (PAOM) and the spinal dura mater (SDM), and provided an ultrastructural morphological basis for the functional studies of the MDB. Summary of background data Since the myodural bridge was first discovered by Hack, researches on its morphology and functions had been progressing continuously. However, at present, research results about MDB were still limited to the gross anatomical and histological level. There was no research report showing the MDB's ultrastructural morphology and its ultrastructural connection forms between PAOM and SDM. Methods A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the connection of myodural bridge fibers with PAOM and SDM in atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial interspaces, and the connection forms were analyzed. Results Under the SEM, it was observed that there were clear direct connections between the suboccipital muscles and the PAOM and SDM in the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial spaces. These connections were myodural bridge. The fibers of the myodural bridge merged into the spinal dura mater and gradually became a superficial layer of the spinal dura mater. Conclusion MDB fibers merged into the SDM and became part of the SDM in the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial space. MDB could transfer tension and pulling force to the SDM effectively, during the contraction or relaxation of the suboccipital muscles. Level of evidence N/A.

Maspin has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, maspin pcDNA was transfected into MCF-7 cells. microRNA (miR) microarray and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for analysis; the results demonstrated that maspin may inhibit miR-10b, miR-21 and miR-451 expression in MCF-7 cells. In addition, maspin increased the expression of certain miR-21 target genes (phosphatase and tensin homolog, programmed cell death 4 and B-cell lymphoma-2), miR-10b target gene (Homeobox D10; HOXD10) and miR-451 target gene (multidrug resistance protein 1). Furthermore, the results of the present study revealed that decreased expression of miR-21 suppressed the invasion and proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Therefore, in the present study, it was hypothesized that as a tumor-suppressor gene, the potential molecular mechanism of maspin include down-regulating the expression of miR-21 and increasing the expression of specific miR-21 target genes.

As a group of intestinal hormones and neurotransmitters, cholecystokinins (CCKs) regulate and affect pancreatic enzyme secretion, gastrointestinal motility, pain hypersensitivity, digestion and satiety, and generally contain a DYMGWMDFG sequence at the C-terminus. Many CCKs have been reported in mammals. However, only a few have been reported in amphibians, such as Hyla nigrovittata, Xenopus laevis, and Rana catesbeiana, with none reported in urodele amphibians like newts and salamanders. Here, a CCK called CCK-TV was identified and characterized from the skin of the salamander Tylototriton verrucosus. This CCK contained an amino acid sequence of DYMGWMDF-NH2 as seen in other CCKs. A cDNA encoding the CCK precursor containing 129 amino acid residues was cloned from the cDNA library of T. verrucosus skin. The CCK-TV had the potential to induce the contraction of smooth muscle strips isolated from porcine gallbladder, eliciting contraction at a concentration of 5.0x10-11 mol/L and inducing maximal contraction at a concentration of 2.0x10-6 mol/L. The EC50 was 13.6 nmol/L. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to identify the presence of a CCK in an urodele amphibian.

Explain the existing device to avoid reeling cocoon sinking in automatic silk reeling machine, research the prevention of cocoon sinking automatically, and provide the integrated solution to keep cocoons in arrangement for reeling. In general, stop motion rod sends a signal when a minor fault occurs in each end, takes the initiative to prevent fault spread to knotty fault which causes a series of bad effects. Then coordinate with interlocked equilibrium, through end feeding cam to control separating plate, ensure the process safe in the most economical way for the industrial market demand. Operators need not handle the system manually while treating the faults, then removing hidden trouble and raising labor efficiency, so higher grade raw silk can be produced. This technique used can improve machine performances, it is the basis on which silk reeling machine should continue to develop.

In order to examine if the lead-in threaded devices can replace the traditional threaded devices in practical production, this paper primarily studies the structure and material of the lead-in threaded devices by analyzing its performance, the cleanness, mechanical properties and appearance of raw silk it produces, and by comparing it with traditional threaded devices. The experimental result shows that the lead-in threaded devices performance and the cleanness and mechanical properties and appearance shape of its raw silk are superior to the traditional threaded devices, it can completely replace the traditional threaded devices in process effects in actual production.

Background: There has been a lot of research on physical therapy for tension-type headaches. However, the efficacy of physical therapy on the suboccipital region remains unclear. Objective: To establish the effectiveness of physical therapy on the suboccipital area of patients with tension-type headache. Methods: Databases including Cochrane Library, Medline/Pubmed, CNKI, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched. After independent study selection by 2 authors, data were extracted and collected independently. On 1 hand, authors compared the treatment of the suboccipital area with control group. On the other hand, the efficacy of several physical therapy techniques on the suboccipital region was compared. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. The primary outcome measures were the cervical range of motion, the visual analog scale, and headache disability inventory. Results: Six randomized controlled trials with a total of 505 participants were included. Suboccipital soft-tissue inhibition technique (SIT) + occiput-atlas-axis global manipulation (OAA) was more effective than SIT in increasing craniocervical extension at 4 weeks post-treatment, the overall mean differences (MD) was 3.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.89–6.34). There was no difference at 8 weeks post-treatment (MD 2.38, 95% CI −1.02 to 5.78, P = .17). SIT was more effective than SIT + OAA in increasing cervical flexion at 4-week post-treatment (MD −3.36, 95% CI −6.65 to −0.05). SIT + OAA was more effective than SIT on decreasing intensity of pain at 4-week post-treatment (MD −0.91, 95% CI −1.78 to −0.04), but no difference at 8-week (MD −0.43, 95% CI −1.18 to 0.33, P = .27). SIT + OAA was more effective than SIT in reducing the functional score of the headache disability inventory at 4-week post-treatment (MD −4.47, 95% CI −8.44 to −0.50). These results may indicate that the SIT + OAA combined therapy is more effective in short term (4-week), no major difference in longer term (8-week). Conclusion: Combined therapy may be more suitable for the treatment of tension-type headache.

The ash deposition and the gas velocity affect the exhaust gas temperature of a CFB boiler. The surface contamination in a CFB boiler is quite different from that one in the pulverized coal boiler. It is suggested that the surface contamination in a CFB boiler should be determined according to the ash content in the fuel as well as the cyclone collection efficiency. The effect of the gas velocity on the surface contamination is very important. The lower gas velocity causes more serious contamination, leading to the higher exhaust gas temperature. The staged tube arrangement should be employed. And the gas velocity should be designed higher to enhance the self-cleaning ability. Anyway, the soot blower should be designed in the CFB boiler convective heating surface. The ratio of the practical contamination coefficient to the design one, k,is the strong function of gas velocity, wy, which was expressed as: k=1+exp(6.8-wy)

Scaling exists commonly and its harm is huge. Because of this, design an amplitude-modulating electromagnetic field generator. The drive signal is obtained by amplitude modulation and power amplification. Generate two sine signals by the wien bridge and make the two signals through the MC1496 multiplier, the carrier’s amplitude changes with the modulator’s rule. And the frequency of carrier and modulator could be changed with the adjustment of the Oscillation resistance. Then, make use of D class amplifier TDA8920BTH to enlarge the power of modulated signal. At last, load the drive signal on a ferrite of magnetic coil to gain an electromagnetic field whose strength is modulated. Differ from the ordinary form of winding pipe with wire line, this design is making the magnetic coil close to a pipe. That’s more convenient for installing and removing. Of course, the concrete effect of descaling is needed to test by further experiments.

With the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), a model with horizontal resolution of about 200 m is developed to simulate the bottom current field of the small study area in the north of the South China Sea. The grid-nesting technique is used twice in this model with the high-resolution bathymetry data measured by multi-beam equipment. The lateral open boundary conditions of the nested model are selected by numerical experiments. It is proved that this ultra-high resolution model is able to simulate the residual current of the area with complex ocean topography and is a quick and accurate way to get a three-dimensional high-resolution ocean current field of the small sea area with open boundaries. The resolution is nine times that of current international advanced level. The model developed here is also applicable for researches on small-scale ocean environment.

Indentations on the main crystallographic plane (111) of CaF2 were analyzed. Appropriate material parameters were obtained by experiments. The process of CaF2 indentations had been investigated by the finite element approach in order to obtain the initial shear yield strength. The results show a value of 110 MPa for the initial shear yield strength. Vickers hardness of plane (111) was also investigated. The results show the dependence on the orientation of the CaF2 crystal. The hardness is small at the angular direction 0° and 120°, and at the angular direction 60°, the hardness of the largest value is 1.67GPa. The Young’s Modulus and Fracture Toughness are also obtained. These properties are valuable to the ultra-precise machining of CaF2 crystal.

Indentations on the three main crystallographic planes (100), (110), and(111) of CaF2 were analyzed. Appropriate material parameters were obtained by experimental load-displacement curves. The results show a value in the range of 70–110 MPa for the initial shear yield strength. The submicron-level orthogonal cutting process of CaF2 had been investigated by the finite element approach, and the effects of tool rake angle on cutting stress and chip formation were investigated. The results indicate that increasing the tool rake angle causes a significant increase in stress and a decrease in chip thickness. The simulation results from the present study show the optimal tool rake angle to the ultra-precision cutting of CaF2 is -20°.

As a group of intestinal hormones and neurotransmitters, cholecystokinins (CCKs) regulate and affect pancreatic enzyme secretion, gastrointestinal motility, pain hypersensitivity, digestion and satiety, and generally contain a DYMGWMDFG sequence at the C-terminus. Many CCKs have been reported in mammals. However, only a few have been reported in amphibians, such as Hyla nigrovittata, Xenopus laevis, and Rana catesbeiana, with none reported in urodele amphibians like newts and salamanders. Here, a CCK called CCK-TV was identified and characterized from the skin of the salamander Tylototriton verrucosus. This CCK contained an amino acid sequence of DYMGWMDF-NH2 as seen in other CCKs. A cDNA encoding the CCK precursor containing 129 amino acid residues was cloned from the cDNA library of T. verrucosus skin. The CCK-TV had the potential to induce the contraction of smooth muscle strips isolated from porcine gallbladder, eliciting contraction at a concentration of 5.0 x 10⁻¹¹ mol/L and inducing maximal contraction at a concentration of 2.0 x 10⁻⁶ mol/L. The EC50 was 13.6 nmol/L. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to identify the presence of a CCK in an urodele amphibian.

To explore the effects of gender on treatment strategies for elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).March 2009 to March 2012, consecutive 619 aged ACS patients undergoing coronary angiography (CA) were screened at our hospital. There were 273 females and 346 males. Risk factors, ACS diagnosis, CA results, treatments and prognosis were compared between female and male groups.The risk factors of body mass index, stroke history, smoking history, hemoglobin (Hb), serum cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and blood uric acid (UA) levels were significantly lower in female group than those in male group (P0.05). The morbidity of diabetes in female group was obviously higher than that in male group (27.8% vs 18.5%, P0.05). The prevalence of myocardial infarction history, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) history in male group were significantly greater than that in female group (48.0% vs 39.9%, P0.05; 30.6% vs 22.3%, P0.05; 19.9% vs 10.3%, P0.01). The rate of combined multiple risk factors (3 or higher) increased significantly in female group (41.8% vs 29.8%, P0.05). The incidence of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in female group was greater, but there was no statistical significance. The rate of 3-vessel and calcification lesions in female group was significantly elevated compared with male group (36.26% vs 28.61%, P0.05). Regarding the choice of treatment strategy, conservative treatment was common in females, but there was no statistical significance between them. PCI, emergency PCI and selective CABG operation were performed more frequently in female group compared with male group (26.0% vs 14.2%, P0.01; 14.7% vs 6.6%, P0.01; 19.1% vs 7.7%, P0.01). The prognosis had no statistical significance between two groups.The treatment strategies have certain limitations for female ACS patients. And an more aggressive treatment should be offered to improve the prognosis.

To validate multi-slice three-dimensional spiral CT cholangiography (3-D CTC) in clinical diagnosis of biliary diseases.This study included 146 patients with biliary diseases, involving 73 cases of biliary tumor, 87 cases of radioparent calculus, 12 cases of post cholangio-jejunostomy and one case of congenital choledochocyst. The data of thin-slice volumetric CT scan were sent to the workstation (GE Advantage Windows 3.1). Rational 3-D CTC including maximum intensity projection, minimum intensity projection, surface shaded display, CT virtual endoscopy and ray sumption was performed. The diagnostic accuracy of 3-D CTC was compared with that of conventional CT, ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP).Different biliary diseases showed distinct imaging manifestations on 3-D CTC. As a new technique for assessing the status of post cholangio-jejunostomy, 3-D CTC was superior to conventional CT, ultrasonography and ERCP in diagnosis of negative biliary calculus, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, cancer embolus of the biliary duct, carcinoma of the pancreas head and periampullar carcinoma. It was also superior to conventional CT, ultrasonography or equal to ERCP in diagnosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma, but inferior to conventional CT and ultrasonography in diagnosis of gallbladder cancer.3-D CTC as a non-invasive and sensitive technique for the diagnosis of biliary diseases with high diagnostic accuracy will greatly increase the detection rate of biliary diseases.

When femtosecond optical pulses propagate through the boundary of the vacuum and an electro-optic material, a transition radiation would be emitted, as well as Cerenkov radiation produced by the material. It has been found theoretically that the electric field of both kinds of radiation is an extremely fast transient and the peak of the radiation is in the far infrared.