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The concentrations, distribution, and ecological risks of 24 typical antibiotics in Hong Kong rivers and seawater were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-EI-MS/MS). The results showed that the select antibiotics were widely distributed in the study area. Among the target antibiotics, the detection rate of tetracyclines (TCs) was 100%, which indicated the widespread use of TCs in Hong Kong. The detection rates of sulfonamides (SAs) (57.1-100%), fluoroquinolones (FQs) (78.6-100%), roxithromycin (RTM) (50%) and novobiocin (NOV) (50%) were all above 50%. Compared with river water (7.9-114.26 ng/L, medium: 27.7 ng/L), concentrations of the most antibiotics in seawater (9.5-32.0 ng/L, medium: 13.3 ng/L) were lower; seawater concentrations were similar to those reported from other coastal cities, such as Guangzhou and Zhuhai in China, which implied that the source of marine antibiotic pollution may be the nearby rivers, and the vastness of the ocean causes environmental dilution of antibiotics. According to the ratio of the measured environmental concentration (MEC) to the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC), ofloxacin (OFX) (average risk quotient: 1.94E-01) and ciprofloxacin (CFX) (average risk quotient: 3.53E-01) posed medium to high ecological risk in most places, whereas other antibiotics posed lower risk. In Yuen Long, where there were many livestock farms nearby, the detected concentration of antibiotics was higher, indicating that livestock wastewater may be the major reason for the increase in antibiotic levels in this area. In general, the detected concentration of antibiotics in Hong Kong was lower than that in the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and coastal areas of China, but the long-term existence of low concentrations of antibiotics also poses great risks. According to the risk assessment, Hong Kong should pay more attention to the use of FQs (e.g., OFX and CFX) in the future.

Two series of regio-isomeric mesomorphous, luminescent and conductive compounds, based on a ditriphenylenothiophene core (α/β-DTPT), were successfully synthesized by the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling/Scholl cyclo-dehydrogenation reactions tandem.

Monohaloacetic acids (mono-HAAs), a class of disinfection by-products widely occurred in drinking water, receives significant attention due to their extremely high toxicity. Many studies on the biological toxicity of mono-HAAs have been reported, yet the toxic effects of mono-HAAs on human renal cells (kidney is one of the target organs for disinfection by-products) has not been involved. Studies on organic precursors for mono-HAAs formation were also very limited due to their lower levels as compared to di-HAAs and tri-HAAs. Based on this, the formation of mono-HAAs after chlorination of some typical source water samples and their relationship with water quality parameters were investigated. Meanwhile, the cytotoxicity of monochloroacetic acid (MCAA), monobromoacetic acid (MBAA), and monoiodoacetic acid (MIAA) were tested using human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293 T cells). The results showed that the levels of mono-HAAs formed during chlorination of source water samples were between 0.44 and 0.87 μg/L. Formation of MBAA positively (p 0.05) correlated with bromide ion and dissolved organic carbon, but negatively (p 0.01) correlated with SUVA

Increased disinfection efforts in various parts of China, including Hong Kong, to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus may lead to elevated concentrations of disinfectants in domestic sewage and surface runoff in Hong Kong, generating large quantities of toxic disinfection byproducts. Our study investigated the presence and distribution of four trihalomethanes (THMs), six haloacetic acids (HAAs), and eight nitrosamines (NAMs) in rivers and seawater in Hong Kong. The concentrations of THMs (mean concentration: 1.6 µg/L [seawater], 3.0 µg/L [river water]), HAAs (mean concentration: 1.4 µg/L [seawater], 1.9 µg/L [river water]), and NAMs (mean concentration: 4.4 ng/L [seawater], 5.6 ng/L [river water]) did not significantly differ between river water and seawater. The total disinfection byproduct content in river water in Hong Kong was similar to that in Wuhan and Beijing (People's Republic of China), and the total THM concentration in seawater was significantly higher than that before the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the regulated disinfection byproducts, none of the surface water samples exceeded the maximum index values for THM4 (80 μg/L), HAA5 (60 μg/L), and nitrosodimethylamine (100 ng/L) in drinking water. Among the disinfection byproducts detected, bromoform in rivers and seawater poses the highest risk to aquatic organisms, which warrants attention and mitigation efforts. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2613-2621. © 2022 SETAC., The present study was financially supported by the General Research Fund of Hong Kong (grant. 18300919), FLASS Dean's Research Fund (grant 04615), and Internal Research Fund (grant R4175) of The Education University of Hong Kong.

This study aims to explore the relationship of DNA methylation with the contents of the index components as well as the growth and development of Pogostemon cablin. The demethylation reagent 5-azacytidine(5-azaC) was used to treat the tissue culture seedlings of patchouliol-type P. cablin. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to evaluate the changes of DNA methy-lation in P. cablin, and GC-MS to detect the contents of index components in P.cablin. The agronomic characters of P.cablin were measured using the common methods. The results showcased that DNA methylation of P.cablin was significantly reduced by 5-azaC in a concentration-dependent manner. Thirty days after treatment with 5-azaC at different concentrations, the content of patchouli alcohol changed slightly; compared with that in the control group, the content of pogostone in 50 μmol·L~(-1) and 100 μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC groups was significantly up-regulated. The 100 μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC group had the largest differences in contents of pogostone and patchouli alcohol compared with the control group, followed by the 50 μmol·L~(-1) 5-azaC group. Ninety days after disinhibition, the content of pogostone in the treatment group was significantly increased and the content of patchouli alcohol was significantly decreased. In addition, 5-azaC significantly inhibited the growth and development of P.cablin in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that DNA methylation regulates the biosynthesis of the index components in patchouliol-type P.cablin and proper demethylation can directly promote the synthesis of pogostone and indirectly affect the accumulation of patchouli alcohol.

Glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in cells, which is an essential endogenous antioxidant. Here, we have developed a new detection platform to analyze GSH levels. In our system, fluorescent polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles, as signal indicators, were obtained by oxidation through cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanosheets. When CoOOH was present, CoOOH could quickly oxidize dopamine to fluorescent PDA nanoparticles. However, once GSH existed, CoOOH nanosheets were decomposed into Co2+, and oxidation between CoOOH and dopamine was prevented with weaker fluorescence occurring. Thus, we could realize detection of the GSH concentration according to the decreased fluorescence value of the fluorescent polydopamine. This method provides a fast, simple, high sensitivity and desirable selectivity platform for GSH monitoring.

Within a relatively short span of four decades, China has transformed itself from a country dominated by renters of public housing to a country with one of the world’shighest rates of homeownership. Radical reforms of the housing provision system have created a variety of housing pathways for different generations. Against this background, this paper adopts the ‘state–market–family triad’ in Esping-Andersen’s welfare state regime to examine three main pathways to homeownership: market-acquired, public-subsidised and family-supported, with a particular focus on the differences between generations. Based on data from the 2013 China Households Finance Survey, the empirical analysis verifies the transition to a more liberal housing system, in which the responsibility for housing provision has shifted from the state to the market. Meanwhile, families have become a vital social institution assisting young cohorts to achieve homeownership. The results also show that men are more likely to turn to family for housing support, a practice that reflects Chinese traditions. Moreover, the findings show that higher educational attainment has enhanced people’s independence from both the state and the family in terms of acquiring a home, and that institutional factors—particularly hukou status— largely determine people’s access to public-subsidised housing.

Objectives In this study, we investigated the possible analgesic effects of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) on trigeminal neuralgia (TN). A modified TN mouse model was established by chronic constriction injury of the distal infraorbital nerve (dIoN-CCI) in mice, and the possible roles of microglia toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and neuroinflammation was investigated. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 3 groups, including sham group, vehicle-treated TN group and BoNT/A-treated TN group. Bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity, anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors were evaluated by using von Frey test, open field, elevated plus-maze testing, and forced swimming test in mice, respectively. The mRNA or protein expression levels of toll-like receptors (TLRs), glia activation markers and proinflammatory factors in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) were tested by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. We also tested the pain behaviors of TN in Tlr2−/− mice. Results We found that unilateral subcutaneous injection of BoNT/A into the whisker pad on the ipsilateral side of dIoN-CCI mice significantly attenuated bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors induced by dIoN-CCI surgery in mice. The dIoN-CCI surgery significantly up-regulated the expression of TLR2, MyD88, CD11b (a microglia marker), IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the ipsilateral TNC in mice, and BoNT/A injection significantly inhibited the expression of these factors. Immunostaining results confirmed that BoNT/A injection significantly inhibited the microglia activation in the ipsilateral TNC in dIoN-CCI mice. TLR2 deficiency also alleviated bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and the up-regulation of MyD88 expression in the TNC of dIoN-CCI mice. Conclusion These results indicate that unilateral injection of BoNT/A attenuated bilateral mechanical pain hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors in dIoN-CCI mice, and the analgesic effects of BoNT/A may be associated with the inhibition of TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation in the TNC.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate protein expression by antagonizing the translation of mRNAs and are effective regulators of normal nervous system development, function, and disease. MicroRNA-29b (miR-29b) plays a broad and critical role in brain homeostasis. In this study, we tested the function of miR-29b in animal and cell models by inhibiting miR-29b expression. Mouse models of middle cerebral artery occlusion were established using the modified Zea-Longa suture method. Prior to modeling, 50 nmol/kg miR-29b antagomir was injected via the tail vein. MiR-29b expression was found to be abnormally increased in ischemic brain tissue. The inhibition of miR-29b expression decreased the neurological function score and reduced the cerebral infarction volume and cell apoptosis. In addition, the inhibition of miR-29b significantly decreased the malondialdehyde level, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and Bcl-2 expression, and inhibited Bax and Caspase3 expression. PC12 cells were treated with glutamate for 12 hours to establish in vitro cell models of ischemic stroke and then treated with the miR-29 antagomir for 48 hours. The results revealed that miR-29b inhibition in PC12 cells increased Bcl-2 expression and inhibited cell apoptosis and oxidative damage. These findings suggest that the inhibition of miR-29b inhibits oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in ischemic stroke, producing therapeutic effects in ischemic stroke. This study was approved by the Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (approval No. 201709276S) on September 27, 2017.

After three decades of housing reform in China, housing assets constitute a sizable share of family wealth but are distributed unevenly, as registered homeowners are predominantly male. This is partly because males generally have higher incomes than females and can therefore contribute more to the financing, but also because males receive more intergenerational transfers. On the basis of 31 in-depth interviews from Chongqing, this article seeks to answer two questions: (1) How and why does the gender of the recipient affect the negotiation of intergenerational transfers? and (2) What are young women’s possibilities to accumulate housing assets? The research findings show that young women either ask their parents for help to secure housing assets before marriage or they attempt to co-own a home with their husbands after marriage. Women who do not succeed in either of these strategies do not accumulate housing assets and thereby risk their rights to the home if their marriage is dissolved.

5'-Polynucleotide kinase (PNK) is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of nucleic acid with 5'-OH termini and this phosphorylation reaction has been involved in many important cellular activities. The evaluation of PNK activity has received an increasing attention due to the significance of PNK. Here, the polydopamine nanospheres (PDANS) could adsorb single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) through π-π stacking or hydrogen bonding between nucleobases and aromatic groups of PDANS, while the interaction between double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with PDANS was weakened due to the changed conformation. Hence, a novel DNA/PDANS platform was constructed for the sensitive and selective determination of T4 PNK activity based on the preferential binding properties of PDANS for ssDNA over dsDNA and the excellent fluorescence quenching property of PDANS. The dye-labeled dsDNA was phosphorylated by T4 PNK and then digested by λ exonuclease, yielding dye-labeled ssDNA, which would be adsorbed on the surface of the PDANS and the fluorescence was greatly quenched by PDANS. Because of the preferential binding properties of PDANS for ssDNA over dsDNA and the high quenching property of PDANS, the developed DNA/PDANS platform exhibited good analytical performance for T4 PNK sensing in complex biological matrix and applied to screening inhibitors. The proposed DNA/PDANS based platform is promising in developing high-throughput assays for drug screening and clinical diagnostics.

Cytochrome c (Cyt c) and caspase-3 are the key mediators in apoptotic signaling. As is known to all, the release of Cyt c from mitochondria is a vital caspase activation pathway and defines the point of no-return in cell apoptosis. However, it has not been reported that any fluorescence imaging tools could allow simultaneous visualization of Cyt c translocation and caspase-3 activation in apoptotic cells. Here, we develop a sensitive nanosensor that holds the capability of imaging of the released Cyt c from the mitochondria and a caspase-3 activation cascade reaction in apoptotic signaling. The nanosensor is constructed by the assembly of a fluorophore (Cy5)-tagged DNA aptamer on graphene nanosheets that have been covalently immobilized with a FAM-labeled peptide. After a spatially selective delivery into the cytoplasm, the Cy5-tagged DNA aptamer assembled on the nanosensor can bind with Cyt c released from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm and dissociate from graphene, triggering a red fluorescence signal. In addition, the caspase-3 activated by the Cyt c released to the cytoplasm can cleave the FAM-labeled peptide and result in a green fluorescence output. The nanosensor exhibits rapid response, high sensitivity and selectivity for in vitro assays, and high contrast imaging of Cyt c and caspase-3 in living cells. It also provides the method for the study of the kinetic relationship between the Cyt c translocation and caspase-3 activation through simultaneous imaging of Cyt c and caspase-3. The developed nanosensor described here will be an efficient and potential platform for apoptosis research.

A novel biosensor for sensitively detecting potassium ion (K+) has been developed based on fluorescent copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs). In our design, we employ a label-free single-strand DNA (ssDNA) that contains two parts. One is 3'-terminus structure-switching aptamers (SSAs) that can fold into G-quadruplex after binding with its target K+. The other is 5'-terminus poly thymine (polyT) which works as a template to construct fluorescent Cu NPs. After incubating with K+, the part SSAs go through target-induced conformational changes. Benifiting from the exceptional digestion ability of exonuclease I (Exo I), the G-quadruplexes display effective resistance to nuclease digestion, so that 5'-terminus polyT remains and the in situ formation of Cu NPs provides a turn-on fluorescent signal that is used to evaluate the concentration of K+. The recovery of the fluorescence intensity is linearly correlated with the K+ concentration in the range of 0.05 to 1 mM with a detection limit of 0.05 mM. Compared with some methods, this assay is cost-effective and facile with high specificity. Meanwhile, this excellent strategy shows a great potentiality in other sensing approaches that can study the interaction between similar SSAs and different specific targets.

A multifunctional nanoplatform, which generally integrates biosensing, imaging diagnosis, and therapeutic functions into a single nanoconstruct, has great important significance for biomedicine and nanoscience. Here, we developed a core–shell–shell multifunctional polydopamine (PDA) modified upconversion nanoplatform for intracellular tumor-related mRNAs detection and near-infrared (NIR) light triggered photodynamic and photothermal synergistic therapy (PDT–PTT). The nanoplatform was constructed by loading a silica shell on the hydrophobic upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with hydrophilic photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) entrapped in it, and then modifying PDA shells through an in situ self-polymerization process, thus yielding a core–shell–shell nanoconstruct UCNP@SiO2–MB@PDA. By taking advantages of preferential binding properties of PDA for single-stranded DNA over double-stranded DNA and the excellent quenching property of PDA, a UCNP@SiO2–MB@PDA–hairpin DNA (hpDNA) nanoprobe was developed throug...

This paper explains the development of the urban housing system in China from 1949 to 2011 with an emphasis on the factors driving housing inequality in each policy period. We argue that the logic underpinning the housing policy had shifted from socialist redistribution to the stimulation of growth in the process of market economy reform and has been shifting toward social inclusionary growth since the 2010s. Over the course of time, two institutional factors (work units and household registration/hukou) have played a key role in determining individual households’ housing opportunities. The role of the work units has gradually waned since the 2000s, but the hukou system continues to be important. In the last part of the paper, we set forth the latest changes in Chinese housing policy. Since 2011, the central government has been striving toward a more comprehensive system of housing provision with the aim of making the housing market more inclusive (though not necessarily more equal). Finally, we express concern about an emerging though embedded source of housing inequality: the unequal distribution of family wealth.

Objective: To study the relationship between Interleukin-17 receptor C (IL-17RC) gene polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: Three hundred cases of IS patients and 300 cases of the healthy controls were selected. Serum of IS patients and the controls was collected. The relative mRNA levels of IL-17, IL-17RC, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by qRT-PCR. The protein expression of IL-17 and IL-17RC was determined by Western blotting. IL-17RC genotype was identified by PCR amplification. The proportion of IL-17RC, SNP and re37511 in IS and control group was determined. The treatment effect on IS and prognosis of patients with IL-17RC, SNP and re37511 was compared. Results: The relative mRNA levels of IL-17, IL-17RC, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF and GM-CSF in IS group were significantly higher than the control group. The protein expression of IL-17 and IL-17RC in IS group was also markedly higher than the control group. The proportion of IL-17RC re37511 in IS group was much larger than control group and proportion of IL-17RC much less. The percent of poor treatment effect in re37511 was much larger than IL-17RC. The percent of death and recrudescence in patients with IL-17RC re37511 was the highest. Conclusion: IS up-regulates the expression of IL-17 and IL-17RC. IL-17RC re37511 indicates the patients have a poorer treatment effect and prognosis.

An aptasensor based on a fluorophore-labelled aptamer and cobalt oxyhydroxide (CoOOH) nanosheets was developed for determining the concentration of thrombin. We first found that the CoOOH nanosheets had the ability to distinguish a G-quadruplex from single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) due to the different abilities of the nanosheet to absorb these two DNA forms. The absorption of 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM) labelled aptamer (ssDNA) on the surface of the CoOOH nanosheets resulted in the quenching of the fluorescence of the FAM through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the FAM and the CoOOH nanosheets. However, the binding of the aptamer to its target resulted in the formation of an antiparallel G-quadruplex complex, for which the CoOOH nanosheets had weak affinity, resulting in a recovery of fluorescence. We applied this strategy to the detection of thrombin. The intensity of the fluorescence recovery was found to be linear with the logarithm of the thrombin concentration in the range of 0.5 to 100 nM, and the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.5 nM. Because of the high selectivity of the aptamer and strong quenching ability of the CoOOH nanosheets, similar aptasensors but with different specific aptamers may potentially serve as platforms to detect a wide range of analytes, and may hence have promising applications in clinical diagnosis.

Worldwide, housing is increasingly unaffordable for young people, many of whom rely on intergenerational transfers of assets to enter home ownership. This paper aims to qualitatively analyze the impacts of the welfare state and family reciprocity on young people's opportunity to access home ownership. Evidence from in-depth interviews with parents and young adults from Chongqing, Southwest China, shows that intergenerational transfers play an indispensable role in young people's opportunity to access home ownership. Such transfers are mainly motivated by the expectation of generalized reciprocity for old age care. The welfare state plays a role by lessening the pressure of unwanted reciprocity. Families with a local urban background, who tend to have more access to public welfare due to China's dualist welfare system, are less eager to invest in intergenerational transfers or expect less reciprocity if they are transferred. We argue that policies that encourage homeownership and that restrict social rental housing will put pressures on families and could potentially offset the policy intentions to improve the fertility rate and labor force participation.

In China's past decades of marketization reforms, original urban dwellers and early settlers in the home ownership sector enjoyed a drastic improvement in living conditions and family wealth stored in properties. Despite their significant contribution to the urban economy, rural migrants benefited far less from the housing market growth. Institutional discrimination, such as duality in welfare state provisions due to hukou segregation is often seen as main the mechanism behind this urban-rural discrepancy. With three elaborated case studies of generational housing pathways from Chongqing, this paper contributes to the debate of urban-rural housing inequality from a longitudinal perspective, focusing on the role of intergenerational transfers of wealth. We find that the original hukou, the original place of living and the housing positions of the parents all have great influence on the younger generation's housing experiences. The gaps between the urban locals and the migrants in housing resulted from generational accumulations of unbalanced opportunities in accessing housing.

This article examines the determinants of home ownership among young people in China. More specifically, it aims to shed light on the shifting importance of the state (through ‘redistributive power’) and the ability of young people to compete in housing markets (‘market ability’) after more than three decades of market transition. Through an analysis of data from the China General Social Survey, the paper quantifies the impacts of four types of determinant on young people’s access to homeownership: political affiliation, organizational affiliation, territorial affiliation, and market ability. Results show that a redistributive power (through territorial, political and organizational affiliation) still influences access to housing, mainly in the form of territorial affiliation (hukou registration). Higher market ability does not contribute to homeownership but is related to independent living. The paper points to three housing policy priorities to improve young people’s housing opportunities: reduce inequalities resulting from unequal access to homeownership, improve options for young migrants, and improve conditions in the rented sector., A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 22 (2018): Young People's Housing Opportunity in Post-reform China

Two new compounds, named as ( Z )-7,4′-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-aurone-4- O - β -glucopyranoside ( 1 ), and (1 S ,3 R ,4 S )-1-(4′-hydroxyl-phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-2-benzopyran-6,8-diol ( 2 ), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Additionally, compound 1 exhibited potent neuroprotective activity in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells.

Organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs) and bisphenol A (BPA) were measured in indoor dust and PM

As acid rain getting more and more serious, increasing attention is given to environmental effect assessment of uranium tailings under the condition of acid rain. In the paper, influence of acid rain to partitioning coefficient (Kd) of U(VI) in soil was studied, and migration of radionuclide uranium in soil was simulated by computer. The static experiment results showed that the Kd value of U(VI) in soil reaches minimum value when pH is 2.0. When 2.0

Indoor air pollution is closely related to children's health. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechlorane plus (DP) transmitted through indoor PM

Fine particulate matter (PM

In this paper, the trimethyisilyl method was used to study the aging process of waterglass, in which HCl was successfully used as acidic catalystes and a strong polar acetone was used as organic solvent. The results show, all the oligomeric silicate species can be completely converted into trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives, when waterglass was stored, the content of mono-silicate gradually increases, and the content of silicate oligomers decreases, but total amount of high polysilicates increases instead, leading to the phenomenon of “bipolar differentiation” occurring. However when waterglass is modified, content of oligomeric silicate species increases, but content of polymeric silicate species decreases, and when waterglass is reflux-condensed, the composition tends to return back to its original orientation.

Mesoporous silica has been prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the template, with Cl− and SO2−4 as the respective inorganic counterions. The as-made mesoporous silica samples were calcined at different temperatures, following which the adsorption isotherms of laccase onto the calcined mesoporous silica surface were obtained. The relationships between the adsorption isotherm type and the morphology, pore diameter, surface electrical potentials (𝛇) as well as the values of the isoelectric point (IEP) of the mesoporous silica were discussed.

Ordered hollow mesoporous silica with vesicular structure or sheet-like mesoporous silica with hexagonal phase have been synthesized using an amphoteric amino acid surfactant sodium N-dodecyl glycine template, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the co-structure-directing agent (CSDA), and tetrapropylammonium bromide as co-templating agent, respectively. The electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding connected by amino groups of template are two chief factors in formation of the surfactant vesicles, which direct vesicular structure synthesis. Their ordered mesostructure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption analysis.

We report a novel ALK fusion partner in a NSCLC patient who responded well to the ALK inhibitor crizotinibhttp://ow.ly/7O6f309KyFb

Doxorubicin (Dox) is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs. Drug concentrations in tumor tissue can predict the drugos efficacy better than that in serum do. This study was to detect and compare the concentration of Dox in KBv200 and KB cell xenografts in nude mice by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Tumor models in nude mice were established with KB cells (drug-sensitive) and KBv200 cells (multidrug-resistant). Dox was injected via the tail vein. The concentration of Dox in tumor tissue was detected by HPLC at 1, 3 and 5 h after injection. A Hypersil reversed-phase BDS C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, ID 5 microm) and mobile phases that were composed of acetonitrile and 0.02 mol/L KH2PO4 (1/2.4, V/V, pH 3.9) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min were used for setting a fluorescence detector (excitation wave length was 480 nm; emission wave length was 580 nm).Under the condition of HPLC, the calibration curve of Dox concentration in tumor tissue was linear within a range of 29.3-7 500 ng/g (r=0.9998). The limit of detection in tumor tissue was 14 ng/g. At the concentration of 3 750, 468.8 and 117.2 ng/g, extraction recovery were (99.35+/-7.65)%, (99.79+/-5.73)% and (103.67+/-6.76)%, respectively, method recovery were (91.89+/-7.03)%, (94.94+/-5.18)% and (100.83+/-5.32)%, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 4.2%. At 1, 3, 5 h after Dox injection, the concentrations of Dox were (139.32+/-54.68), (260.00+/-126.11) and (173.26+/-13.88) ng/g in KBv cell xenografts, respectively, and (385.13+/-42.55), (523.38+/-138.84) and (460.75+/-86.85) ng/g in KB cell xenografts, respectively. The Dox concentration was significantly higher in KB cell xenografts than in KBv200 cell xenografts at the same time point (P0.05).Detected by HPLC, the concentration of Dox is much lower in multidrug-resistant cell xenografts than in sensitive cell xenografts.