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A busca por uma vida mais saudável pressupõe, entre outras condições, o consumo de produtos de boa qualidade. Essa constatação tem levado a uma crescente expansão do consumo de alimentos produzidos sem o emprego de agrotóxicos. Avaliou-se o efeito de produtos alternativos no controle da cercosporiose causada por Cercospora capsici em plantas de pimenta em área de baixada. Em plantas de pimenta-malagueta (Capsicum frutescens) foram realizadas pulverizações com calda Viçosa (1,5%), calda Bordalesa (1,5%), calda sulfocálcica (1%), bicarbonato de sódio (0,2 M), óleo de nim (5%), leite cru (20%), tiofanato metílico (0,7 g/L) e água (tratamento controle). Determinou-se a severidade e a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), altura e diâmetros da copa da planta, produção, comprimento, diâmetro e peso médio de frutos. A calda Bordalesa a 1,5%, calda Viçosa a 1,5%, o óleo de nim a 0,5% e leite cru a 20% são eficientes em reduzir a severidade da mancha-de-cercóspora em pimenta-malagueta cultivada em área de baixada. A calda Bordalesa é mais promissora para controle da doença, pois além da eficiência na redução da severidade da doença apresenta maior facilidade no preparo e apresenta custo relativo de obtenção mais baixo. Além de não causar toxidez ao meio ambiente, ao aplicador e ao consumidor, o uso desta calda atende às demandas dos produtores de pimenta-malagueta que buscam produzir pimenta de forma não só rentável, mas também sustentável.

Nas últimas décadas, sistemas de cultivo mais sustentáveis, ou seja, menos dependentes do uso de agrotóxicos, têm sido desenvolvidos, em atendimento a exigências da sociedade por uma produção de alimentos com a mínima degradação dos recursos naturais. Assim, a pesquisa vem testando diversos produtos, entre os quais muitos já utilizados pelos agricultores em décadas passadas. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de produtos alternativos no controle da mancha-de-cercóspora causada por Cercospora capsici em plantas de pimenta em área de encosta. Plantas de pimenta-malagueta (Capsicum frutescens) foram pulverizadas com calda Viçosa (1,5%), calda Bordalesa (1,5%), calda sulfocálcica (1%), bicarbonato de sódio (0,2 M), óleo de nim (5%), leite cru (20%), tiofanato metílico (0,7 g/L) e água (tratamento controle). Avaliou-se a severidade e calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), altura e diâmetros da copa da planta, produtividade, comprimento, diâmetro e peso médio de frutos. As caldas Viçosa, Bordalesa e sulfocálcica e o leite cru, nas concentrações utilizadas, foram eficientes em reduzir a severidade da cercosporiose em pimenta-malagueta cultivada em áreas de encosta, não causaram toxidez ao meio ambiente, ao aplicador e ao consumidor e assim, atenderam às demandas dos pimenticultores que buscam produzir pimenta-malagueta de forma sustentável. A calda Bordalesa foi a mais promissora, pois além da eficiência no controle da cercosporiose em pimenta-malagueta apresentou maior facilidade no preparo e custo mais baixo para sua obtenção

The longevity of cut flowers is limited by their ephemeral nature and by multiple stresses. Impairment in water uptake, depletion of stored carbohydrates, increases in both respiratory activity and ethylene production are signatures of flower senescence. A wide range of techniques is available to extend flower preservation, including the use of flower preservative solutions, ethylene action inhibitors, growth regulators, and control of temperature and flower dehydration. The use of sucrose in pulsing solution, or as a component of vase solution, extends the vase life of flowers by either improving water balance and energy or delaying the senescence via reductions in ethylene biosynthesis. Inhibitors of ethylene production and action affect the longevity by extending the vase life of some ethylene-sensitive flowers. Flowers have intense respiratory activity, which may deplete the limited reserves of carbohydrates in the tissues. Lower temperatures markedly reduce both carbon dioxide concentration and ethylene production as well as its action. However, chilling-sensitive flowers, such as bird-of-paradise, heliconia, orchid, and ginger, cannot be stored below 10 to 13°C due to the intense development of tissue discoloration. Resumo A longevidade das flores de corte é limitada por sua natureza efêmera e por diversos estresses. De forma geral, a diminuição da absorção de água, esgotamento dos carboidratos armazenados, aumento da atividade respiratória e produção de etileno são reflexos senescência floral. Uma ampla gama de técnicas está disponível para estender a preservação de flores, incluindo o uso de conservantes de flores, inibidores da ação do etileno, reguladores de crescimento e controle de temperatura e desidratação das flores. O uso de sacarose em solução pulsante ou como constituinte de solução de vaso pode estender a vida de vaso das flores, melhorando o balanço hídrico, estimulando a abertura das flores ou retardando a senescência devido à menor síntese de etileno. Os inibidores da produção e ação do etileno afetam a longevidade, estendendo a vida de vaso de algumas flores sensíveis ao etileno. As flores têm intensa atividade respiratória, o que pode esgotar as reservas limitadas de carboidratos armazenados nas hastes cortadas. A redução da temperatura reduz tremendamente a produção de CO2 e etileno, bem como a sua ação. No entanto, em flores sensíveis ao frio como ave-do-paraíso, helicônia, orquídea e gengibre não podem ser armazenadas abaixo de 10 a 13ºC devido ao intenso desenvolvimento de descoloração do tecido.

Calendula officinalis L. is largely used in composition in beds and like cutted flowers. On the other hand, the height (30 – 60 cm), difficult the cultivate and sales like potted plant, owing to the tipping of pots and for the disposition of plants on the tables. Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a vegetal regulator that reduces the growth of plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial growth of C. officinalis L. treated with PBZ. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the Floriculture Sector, of Agronomy Department, of Universidade Federal de Viçosa in October a November of 2020. The experiment was conducted in complety randomized desing and treatments were control, 2500, 5000, 7500 e 10000 ppm of PBZ doses with five repetitions. Two applications of PBZ doses were realized, being the first 15 days and the second 30 days after transplantation. Plant height, leaf area, stem length and diameter, root length, leaves number and photosynthetic pigments were quantified. PBZ, regardless of concentration, reduced plant heigth, leaf area, stem length, and diameter. Root length, leaves number and photossyntetic pigments did not significant among doses aplied. The initial growth of C. officinalis L. was reduced with PBZ doses.

The banana is one of the most consumed fruits in the world, but it has little shelf life due to its high water activity. Drying is able to increase shelf life and pre-treatments can optimize the process. The objective was to study the solar drying kinetics and evaluate the effect of pre-treatments on the drying kinetics and physico-chemical quality of 'Prata' bananas. The drying was carried out in a solar dryer and the pre-treatments consisted of immersing the samples in solutions of water, citric acid (1%) and lemon juice (10%). Water loss, drying kinetics, mathematical models and physical-chemical and colorimetric characteristics of fresh and dried bananas were evaluated. The drying rate was higher at the beginning and stabilized after 20 hours. The mathematical model of Midilli and Kucuk was the one that best fit the experimental data. The water content, ascorbic acid and the parameters L *, b *, C * and h ° reduced after drying. Reducing sugars and a * coordinate increased and the acidity was not changed with drying. The solar drying of 'Prata' bananas is a sustainable and economical way to make a product available with a longer shelf life.

The plant elicitors use as an agricultural input is limited and few studies show their influence on physiological responses. However, its use can induce broad-spectrum and long-lasting resistance in plants by inducing defense systems, primary and secondary metabolism. The the aim of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange (gs, A, E, Ci, WUE, iWUE and iCE) and enzymatic antioxidant system (POD, PPO and PAL) of Z. mays under elicitors application. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with seven treatments: control (sterilized distilled water); Rocksil® (3 g L-1); Poagrim® (3 g L-1); Bion® (0.4 g L-1); Agrosilicon Plus® (3 g L-1); Ecolife® (3 mL L-1); Thiabendazol® (1 g L-1), with four repetitions and three plants per repetition. Gas exchange (net photosynthesis [A], stomatal conductance [gs], internal carbon concentration [Ci], transpiration rate [E], instantaneous water use efficiency [WUE= A/E], intrinsic water use efficiency [iWUE= A/gs], instantaneous carboxylation efficiency [iCE= A/Ci], and enzymatic activity (peroxidase [POX], polyphenol oxidase [PPO], phenylalanine ammonia-lyase [PAL]) were evaluated at 40 and 45 days after sowing. Gs, A, WUE, iCE and peroxidase activity increased in plants whose seeds were soaked with Rocksil® and Thiabendazol®. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was reduced in plants from seeds soaked in Ecolife®. The elicitors increased the gas exchange and antioxidant system of Zea mays L.

The availability of phosphorus (P) and organic matter in Chromic Luvisols, predominant in the Caatinga biome, is generally low and makes it difficult to reintroduce native plants in forest recovery projects. The objective was to evaluate the production of dry mass, accumulation a and use efficiency of P by three tree species native from Caatinga biome with application of doses of P and organic matter. This experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 × 5 factorial scheme, consisting of with two doses of organic matter (0 and 50 g kg−1), three species of plants (Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook.f. ex S Moore, Amburana cearensis, Allemão AC Smith and Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. Ex Tul.) and five doses of P (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg dm−3). At 120 days after transplanting, concentrations of P available in the soil and leaf soluble P fractions increased linearly with the P doses. The availability of P in the soil and, consequently, the accumulation of soluble and total P in the plant tissues were greater with organic matter application. The studied species use different P compartmentalization strategies depending on their dry mass production capacity. Phosphate and or organic matter application is necessary in the initial growth phase of the studied species, notably T. aurea and C. ferrea. The dry mass of T. aurea was greater than that of C. ferrea and A. cearensis.

Microalgae are considered a rich source of biostimulants for plants, as an excellent business opportunity for the agricultural sector, as they can activate plant metabolism, contributing to the improvement in physiological performance, phytomass and, subsequently, vigor and quality of seedlings. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Spirulina platensis biomass, in enabling improvements in physiological performance, phytomass and, subsequently, vigor and quality of cashew rootstock seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme (concentrations x rootstock), with three replications. The concentrations used were 0%, 0.04%, 0.08%, and 0.12% and the FAGA and CCP 76 genotypes. The seeds were immersed in the solutions for 12 hours. Applications were made via the leaves at 30 days after sowing (DAS), with an interval of seven days between each application and at 90 DAS evaluations were made. The FAGA and CCP 76 genotypes showed a positive response to the supply of S. platensis, with concentrations 0.04% and 0.08% which provided greater root length, aerial part length, number of leaves, diameter and leaf area. Concentrations 0.04% and 0.08% also promoted better percentages in the physiology of the CCP 76 genotype, while the FAGA genotype showed opposite action, which may be related to the mode of action of the microalgae on the different genetic and phenotypic characteristics of each genotype. The 0.12% concentration provided greater accumulations of aerial part and total dry mass to the genotypes.

Devido à popularização do tempero condimentado, os consumidores passaram a ser mais exigentes em relação à qualidade e aos ingredientes utilizados na composição do produto, buscando melhor entendimento dos rótulos contidos nesse produto. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar marcas de tempero condimentado líquido comercializados na cidade de Currais Novos, Rio Grande do Norte. Para isso, dez rótulos de diferentes marcas de tempero condimentado foram escolhidos aleatoriamente nos comércios de Currais Novos — RN. Por questões éticas, essas marcas foram nomeadas conforme as letras do alfabeto: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I e J. Foram utilizadas tabelas do tipo check list segundo as informações nutricionais e obrigatórias fornecias pela legislação (RDCs n.º 259, 359, 360, 276 e a Lei n.º 10.674). Constatou-se que apenas duas das dez marcas analisadas apesentavam todos os quesitos solicitados segundo as exigências das legislações para rotulagem. Assim, conclui-se que as empresas produtoras de tempero líquido necessitam ter mais atenção à rotulagem de seus produtos para atender as necessidades dos consumidores.

Within the genetic variability of the Capsicum genus there are plants with ornamental potential, but awry height required by the market. Paclobutrazol (PBZ), gibberellin retardant and growth inhibitor, is normally used as alternative to reduce plant height. The objective was to evaluate the PBZ (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg L-1) effect on plant height of eight pepper genotypes. Seven accessions [BGH 1032, BGH 1039, BGH 7073 (C. annuum), BGH 4285, BGH 4199, BGH 4355 and BGH 6371 (C. chinense)] of the germplasm bank from Universidade Federal de Viçosa and one access [MG 302 (C. annuum)] from the germplasm bank of the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais were evaluated. The PBZ application was ineffective in altering plant architecture of BGH 6371. PBZ at 25 mg L-1 resulted in plants with better ornamental characteristics of the accesses BGH 1032 and BGH 1039. Considering the cost-benefit, the indicated dose for BGH 4285, BGH 7073 and MG 302 access is 25 mg L-1 PBZ. The PBZ application in BGH 4199 and BGH 4355 accesses, despite reducing plant height, did not improve the ornamental characteristics, resulting in plants without canopy pattern. RESUMO Dentro da variabilidade genética no gênero Capsicum há plantas com grande potencial ornamental, mas com altura desconforme da exigida pelo mercado. A aplicação de paclobutrazol (PBZ), retardante de crescimento e inibidor das giberelinas, é uma alternativa para reduzir a altura das plantas. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de PBZ (0, 25, 50 e 75 mg L-1) sobre oito genótipos de pimenteiras. Sete acessos [BGH 1032, BGH 1039, BGH 7073 (C. annuum), BGH 4285, BGH 4199, BGH 4355 e BGH 6371 (C. chinense)] pertencentes ao Banco de Germoplasma da UFV e um acesso [MG 302 (C. annuum)] da EPAMIG foram avaliados. No acesso BGH 6371, a aplicação de PBZ mostrou-se ineficaz em alterar a arquitetura das plantas. Nos acessos BGH 1032 e BGH 1039, a aplicação de PBZ na concentração de 25 mg L-1 resultou em plantas com melhores características ornamentais. Considerando o custo/benefício, a concentração indicada para os acessos BGH 4285, BGH 7073 e MG 302 é de 25 mg L-1 de PBZ. A aplicação de PBZ nos acessos BGH 4199 e BGH 4355, mesmo reduzindo a altura da planta, não melhorou suas características ornamentais, resultando em plantas sem padrão de copa.

Aims: The objective was to determine the influence of the onion harvest time "Baia Periforme" on post-harvest quality of the bulbs during storage. Study Design: The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three treatments, six replicates with two bulbs each. Place and Duration of Study: Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, between June 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: Seedlings, 20 days old, were transplanted into 20 cm spacing between rows and 10 cm between plants. The bulbs were harvested 120 days after transplanting with manual tipping of the pseudo-stem (T1), with 50 (T2) or 75% (T3) of the bulbs popped. The soluble sugars (SS), non-reducing sugars (NRS), reducing sugars (RS), total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity of phenolic compounds and alinase activity was determined every 30 days for 90 days. Results: The content of SS, TSS, phenolic compounds and alinase activity increased in the onions of T2, resulting in more sweet and pungent bulbs due to the higher content of acidity and phenolic compounds. Conclusion: The post-harvest quality of onion bulbs "Baia Periforme" was maintained when they were harvested with 50% of bulbs popped.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:36:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-03-05 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Programa Cooperativo sobre Protecao Florestal/PROTEF do Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais/IPEF Bananas are usually ripened with calcium carbide (CaC2), a dangerous substance that can cause food poisoning. The objective was to test the empirical ripening banana method using Bowdichia virgilioides leaves compared to carbide. Ripening tests were carried out using 'Pacovan' banana fruits with B. virgilioides leaves and carbide following the empirical method used by Borborema farmers, Paraiba, Brazil. Bowdichia virgilioides leaves induced increased respiration and ascorbic acid production and reduced acidity, chlorophyll and pH in banana fruits like CaC2. Leaves of B. virgilioides induce ripening of `Pacovan' banana with safer and same results than with CaC2. Univ Estadual Paraiba, Dept Agroecol & Agr, Sitio Imbauba S-No,Campus 2, BR-58117000 Lagoa Seca, Paraiba, Brazil Univ Fed Paraiba, Dept Fitotecnia Ciencias Ambientais, Campus 2, BR-58397000 Areia, Paraiba, Brazil Univ Fed Pelotas, Fac Agron Eliseu Maciel, Dept Fitossanidade, BR-96010610 Capao Do Leao, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Fitotecnia, BR-36570900 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Vale Jequitinhonha & Mucuri, Dept Agron, BR-39803371 Diamantina, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Protecao Vegetal, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Entomol BIOAGRO, BR-36570000 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Campina Grande, Programa Posgrad Hort Trop, 8 Rua Jairo Vieira Feitosa, BR-58840000 Pombal, Paraiba, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Protecao Vegetal, BR-18610307 Botucatu, SP, Brazil

Sesame crops have large economic potential; however, the scarcity of good quality water in the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil can affect production systems, which requires the search for cultivars that can better be adapted to the local conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the germination dynamics of sesame seed lots subjected to different electrical conductivities of the imbibition solution. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seeds and Seedling Analysis of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal campus, Paraíba, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used, in an 8×6 factorial arrangement, corresponding to eight seed lots (BRS Seda; BRS Seda (S2); BRS G2 (S1); BRS G2 (S2); BRS G3 (S1); BRS G3 (S2); BRS G4 (S1) and BRS G4 (S2), where S1 and S2 represent the grown environments, saline (2.4 dS m-1) and non-saline, respectively; and six electrical conductivities of the imbibition solution (0.3; 1.2; 2.1; 3.0; 3.9; and 4.8 dS m-¹), with four replications. The variables seed germination, vigor, germination speed index, mean time for germination, mean germination speed, and radicle length were evaluated. The sesame seeds are sensitive to salinity, regardless of the lot analyzed and their germination power decreases when they are subjected to high salt concentrations., Sesame crops have large economic potential; however, the scarcity of good quality water in the Semiarid region of the Northeast of Brazil can affect production systems, which requires the search for cultivars that can better be adapted to the local conditions. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the germination dynamics of sesame seed lots subjected to different electrical conductivities of the imbibition solution. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seeds and Seedling Analysis of the Federal

Changes in the population's eating habits have expanded the French fries market. However, the need for refrigerated storage to supply sprouts and maintain a constant supply to the industry has led to a reduced number of cultivars suitable for processing due to the accumulation of sugars and browning after frying. Because of this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the Donata and BRS F132 cultivars for use in the pre-fried potato processing industry. The tubers were stored at 6 and 8 °C for up to 180 days and the analysis of sprouting, total soluble sugar (TSS), reducing sugar (RS), non-reducing sugar (NRS), post-frying color by scale visual color used by the industry and L* and b* parameters. The sprouting was higher at 8 °C and in the BRS F 132 cultivar. The sugar content was high in both cultivars, however, the color remained adequate. It is concluded that the Donata and BRS F132 cultivars are suitable for the potato processing industry, and Donata presented better quality parameters. Conditioning at 8 °C is recommended in both cultivars that maintained the quality for 180 days.

Potatoes for industrial processing must have high dry matter, low sugar and free from damage or disease. The objective was to determine the ideal temperature and storage period of commercial cultivars for frying. Tubers of Asterix and Cronos cultivars were stored in a cold chamber (Gallant CMC4 Premium) inside plastic boxes at 6 and 8 °C with 85 to 95% humidity for 180 days. Accumulated mass loss (PMA), alcohol insoluble solids (SIA), total soluble sugars (AST), non-reducing sugars (ANR), reducing sugars (AR), polyphenoloxidase activity (PPO) and enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning were analyzed. The PMA of Asterix at 6 and 8 ºC and Cronos at 6 °C was higher. The SIA of both cultivars stored at 6 ºC were lower and AST, AR and ANR higher. Those parameters of Cronos and Asterix did not differ between temperature or storage period. The browning was greater in the fried sticks of Asterix and Cronos stored at 6 ºC (4 to 5) for 60 and 90 days and at 8 °C (2 to 3) for 180 days, respectively. The ideal temperature and storage period for Asterix and Cronos cultivars is 8 ºC for a maximum of 120 days due to non-enzymatic browning. RESUMO: As batatas destinadas ao processamento industrial devem ter alto teor de matéria seca, baixo teor de açúcar e estar livre de danos ou doenças. O objetivo foi determinar a temperatura e o período de armazenamento ideais para cultivares comerciais para fritura. Os tubérculos das cultivares Asterix e Cronos foram armazenados em caixas de plástico a 6 e 8 °C com umidade de 85 a 95% por 180 dias. As perdas de massa acumulada (PMA), sólidos insolúveis em álcool (SIA), açúcares solúveis totais (AST), açúcares não redutores (ANR), açúcares redutores (AR), atividade de polifenoloxidase (PPO) e escurecimento enzimático e não enzimático foram analisadas. A PMA de tubérculos da cultivar Asterix a 6 e 8 ºC e a da cultivar Cronos, armazenadas a 6 °C foram maiores. Os teores de SIA foram menores e os de AST, AR e ANR maiores nos tubérculos de ambas as cultivares armazenadas a 6 ºC. A temperatura e o período de armazenamento não afetaram as cultivares Cronos e Asterix. O escurecimento foi maior nos palitos fritos das cultivares Asterix e Cronos armazenados a 6 ºC (4 a 5) por 60 e 90 dias e a 8 °C (2 a 3) por 180 dias, respectivamente. O período ideal de temperatura e armazenamento para as cultivares Asterix e Cronos é de 8 ºC por, no máximo, 120 dias devido ao escurecimento não enzimático.

Light color after frying and sprouting are the main quality parameters evaluated by the pre-fried potato processing industry. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability for use by the pre-fried potato processing industry, the cultivars Asterix, Corsica, Edison, Lionheart and Markies through the sprouting and post-frying color of the sticks. For this, the tubers were stored at 8 °C (RH 90% ± 2) for up to 180 days. Sprouting started at 60 days with the exception of ‘Lionheart’, which started sprouting at 120 days. At 150 and 180 days, all cultivars showed large sprouts, but still suitable for the processing industry. Visually, the Asterix cultivar remained in category 3 and the most cultivars in 2. The parameter L * reduced with the storage time in all cultivars, indicating the browning of the sticks, which was accompanied by the reduction of parameter b *, indicating less yellowing. It is concluded that All cultivars can be used by the processing industry after storage at 8 °C for 180 days. These results are important to the process industry due to difficult from storage of tubers under refrigeration in reason of browning during fried. El color claro después de freír y brotar son los principales parámetros de calidad evaluados por la industria procesadora de papa prefrita. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la idoneidad para el uso por parte de la industria procesadora de papa prefrita, los cultivares Asterix, Corsica, Edison, Lionheart y Markies a través del color de brotación y post-fritura de los palitos. Para ello, los tubérculos se almacenaron a 8 ° C (RH 90% ± 2) hasta por 180 días. La brotación comenzó a los 60 días con la excepción de "Lionheart", que comenzó a brotar a los 120 días. A los 150 y 180 días, todos los cultivares mostraron brotes grandes, pero aún aptos para la industria de procesamiento. Visualmente, el cultivar Asterix se mantuvo en la categoría 3 y la mayoría de los cultivares en 2. El parámetro L * se redujo con el tiempo de almacenamiento en todos los cultivares, indicando el oscurecimiento de las ramas, lo que fue acompañado por la reducción del parámetro b *, indicando menos amarilleo. Se concluye que todos los cultivares pueden ser utilizados por la industria de procesamiento después de envasados a 8 ° C durante 180 días. Estos resultados son importantes para la industria de procesamiento debido a la dificultad de almacenar los tubérculos en refrigeración debido al dorado durante la fritura. A coloração clara após a fritura e a brotação são os principais parâmetros de qualidade avaliados pela indústria de processamento de batata pré-frita. Diante disso, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a aptidão para uso pela indústria de processamento de batata pré-frita as cultivares Asterix, Corsica, Edison, Lionheart e Markies através da brotação e coloração pós-fritura dos palitos. Para isso os tubérculos foram acondicionados a 8 °C (UR 90 % ± 2) por até 180 dias. A brotação iniciou-se aos 60 dias com exceção da ‘Lionheart’ que inicio dos brotos apareceram aos 120 dias. Aos 150 e 180 dias todas as cultivares apresentaram brotos grandes, mas ainda adequado à indústria de processamento. Visualmente a cultivar Asterix permaneceu na categoria 3 e as de mais cultivares na 2. O parâmetro L* reduziu com o tempo de armazenamento em todas as cultivares, indicando o escurecimento dos palitos o que foi acompanhado pela redução do parâmetro b*, indicando menor amarelecimento. Conclui-se que todas as cultivares podem ser utilizadas pela indústria de processamento após o acondicionamento a 8 °C por 180 dias. Esses resultados são importantes para a indústria de processamento devido à dificuldade de armazenamento dos tubérculos sob refrigeração em razão do escurecimento durante a fritura.

The market for edible flowers is expanding worldwide, due to the greater interest of the population in foods with therapeutic properties and the need to conquer the market with different and innovative products. Flowers can be used in decorating and preparing food and drinks, adding aroma, flavor and color. However, the chemical composition of flowers must be known before human consumption. The objective was to discuss the most consumed species, their bioactive components and information on the quality, preservation and consumption of flowers. A bibliographic survey from 1992 to 2018 was carried out on the research platforms of ScienceDirect, SciELO and Periódicos Capes, where 40 articles were selected to serve as a database. Studies on consumer perception of consumption of edible flowers and their preparation are limited. The content of bioactive compounds is changed by the method of preparation. Consumer preference is for unprocessed or minimally processed forms (such as dried rose petals). Edible flowers are an entrepreneurial opportunity, whether for production for consumption, preparation of new products or extraction of bioactives. El mercado de flores comestibles se está expandiendo en todo el mundo, debido al mayor interés de la población en los alimentos con propiedades terapéuticas y la necesidad de conquistar el mercado con productos diferentes e innovadores. Las flores se pueden usar para decorar y preparar alimentos y bebidas, agregando aroma, sabor y color. Sin embargo, la composición química de las flores debe conocerse antes del consumo humano. El objetivo fue discutir las especies más consumidas, sus componentes bioactivos e información sobre la calidad, preservación y consumo de flores. Se realizó una encuesta bibliográfica entre 1992 y 2018 en las plataformas de investigación de ScienceDirect, SciELO y Periódicos Capes, donde se seleccionaron 40 artículos para servir como base de datos. Los estudios sobre la percepción del consumidor sobre el consumo de flores comestibles y su preparación son limitados. El contenido de compuestos bioactivos se modifica por el método de preparación. La preferencia del consumidor es para formas sin procesar o mínimamente procesadas (como los pétalos de rosa secos). Las flores comestibles son una oportunidad empresarial, ya sea para la producción para el consumo, la preparación de nuevos productos o la extracción de bioactivos. O mercado de flores comestíveis está se expandindo mundialmente, devido ao maior interesse da população em alimentos com propriedades terapêuticas e à necessidade de conquistar o mercado com produtos diferentes e inovadores. As flores podem ser usadas na decoração e preparação de alimentos e bebidas, adicionando aroma, sabor e cor. No entanto, a composição química das flores deve ser conhecida antes do consumo humano. O objetivo foi discutir as espécies mais consumidas, seus componentes bioativos e informações sobre a qualidade, preservação e consumo de flores. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico de 1992 a 2018 nas plataformas de pesquisa da ScienceDirect, SciELO e Periódicos Capes, onde foram selecionados 40 artigos para servir como banco de dados. Estudos sobre a percepção do consumidor sobre o consumo de flores comestíveis e sua preparação são limitados. O conteúdo de compostos bioativos é alterado pelo método de preparação. A preferência do consumidor é por formas não processadas ou minimamente processadas (como pétalas de rosa secas). As flores comestíveis são uma oportunidade empreendedora, seja para produção para consumo, preparação de novos produtos ou extração de bioativos.

O juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart.) é uma planta típica do Nordeste brasileiro que possui frutos comestíveis, com sabor adocicado e rico em vitamina C. Algumas pesquisas são direcionadas a caracterização física desses frutos, no entanto, pouco se conhece a respeito da sua natureza respiratória. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar a atividade respiratória (CO2) e as características físico-químicas dos frutos de juazeiro em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento. Para isso, frutos em cinco estádios de maturação (I, II, III, IV e V) foram colhidos de plantas localizadas no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus Pombal-PB, e avaliados de acordo com acidez titulável, pH, sólidos solúveis, ratio, ácido ascórbico, clorofila total, carotenoides totais e taxa respiratória. Os frutos de juazeiro do estádio de maturação IV obtiveram baixa acidez, elevados teores de sólidos solúveis e ácido ascórbico. No aspecto sensorial e nutricional, essas características são importantes para o consumo in natura e para o processamento. A taxa respiratória elevou-se com o tempo armazenamento para todos os estádios de maturação. Os frutos do estádio de maturação IV apresentaram pico climatérico às 16 horas de armazenamento, propondo que os frutos de juazeiro apresentam natureza climatérica.

A palma teve sua origem na América do Norte e do Sul e possui grande potencial para as regiões semiáridas, amplamente cultivada no Nordeste brasileiro, por tolerar longos períodos de estiagem. Por ser uma cactacea sua fisiologia proporciona maior eficiência no uso da água. O caule é suculento com estimado valor nutricional relevante para ser utilizado na na dieta humana. O objetivo foi discutir os gêneros de palma mais consumidos, seus compostos bioativos e informações sobre seu metabolismo. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico em plataformas de pesquisa onde foram selecionados 57 artigos para ser utulizado como banco de dados. O conteúdo de compostos bioativos, o aroma, a coloração, a textura e o sabor podem ser alterados de acordo com a atividade enzimática, principalmente a fenilalanina amônia-liase.

Ziziphus joazeiro is endemic to the brazilian Caatinga and its fruits can be used as a food supplement by accelerating the ethanol metabolism in the body and reducing the alcohol harmful effects due to high alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. The objective was to determine the kinetics of ADH activity, in different incubation times, of Z. joazeiro mature fruits as a food supplement. Ziziphus joazeiro fruits, at the fourth maturation stage, were incubated for 0 (no incubation), 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours at room temperature. The ADH activity was determined. ADH activity was higher in fruits incubated for 0 and 3 h. The ADH activity was higher in the early incubation times, probably due to the greater availability of NAD+, which after being reduced to NADH delayed regeneration. Without the cofactor in the oxidized form, the enzymatic activity decreases. Ziziphus joazeiro fruit has the potential to be used as a food supplement accelerating the alcohol metabolism and reducing the harmful effects. Ziziphus joazeiro es endémico de la Caatinga brasileña y sus frutos se pueden usar como complemento alimenticio al acelerar el metabolismo del etanol en el cuerpo y reducir los efectos nocivos del alcohol debido a la alta actividad de la deshidrogenasa de alcohol (ADH). El objetivo fue determinar la cinética de la actividad de ADH, en diferentes tiempos de incubación, de las frutas maduras de Z. joazeiro como suplemento alimenticio. Los frutos de Ziziphus joazeiro, en la cuarta etapa de maduración, se incubaron durante 0 (sin incubación), 3, 6, 12, 24 y 48 horas a temperatura ambiente. Se determinó la actividad de ADH. La actividad de ADH fue mayor en frutos incubados durante 0 y 3 h. La actividad de ADH fue mayor en los primeros tiempos de incubación, probablemente debido a la mayor disponibilidad de NAD +, que después de reducirse a NADH retrasó la regeneración. Sin el cofactor en la forma oxidada, la actividad enzimática disminuye. La fruta de Ziziphus joazeiro tiene el potencial de ser utilizada como un complemento alimenticio que acelera el metabolismo del alcohol y reduce los efectos nocivos. O Ziziphus joazeiro é endêmico da Caatinga brasileira e seus frutos podem ser utilizados como complemento alimentar, acelerando o metabolismo do etanol no organismo e reduzindo os efeitos nocivos do álcool devido à alta atividade da desidrogenase do álcool (ADH). O objetivo foi determinar a cinética da atividade do ADH, em diferentes tempos de incubação, de frutos maduros de Z. joazeiro como suplemento alimentar. Os frutos de Ziziphus joazeiro, no quarto estágio de maturação, foram incubados por 0 (sem incubação), 3, 6, 12, 24 e 48 horas em temperatura ambiente. A atividade de ADH foi determinada. A atividade do ADH foi maior nos frutos incubados por 0 e 3 h. A atividade do ADH foi maior nos primeiros tempos de incubação, provavelmente devido à maior disponibilidade de NAD +, que após ser reduzido a NADH atrasou a regeneração. Sem o cofator na forma oxidada, a atividade enzimática diminui. O fruto de Ziziphus joazeiro tem potencial para ser utilizado como complemento alimentar, acelerando o metabolismo do álcool e reduzindo os efeitos nocivos.

1-MCP has been effectively used as an antagonist of ethylene deleterious actions in flowers and ornamental plants. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of 1-MCP (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g m-3) in maintaining post-production quality of exogenous ethylene sensitive ornamental pepper. Two commercial varieties were evaluated: Pimenta Colorida and Pimentão Ornamental, both Capsicum annuum. The pre-treatment with 1-MCP, regardless of the applied concentration, was effective in blocking the ethylene action reducing the leaves abscission, flowers and fruits of both genotypes by 100%. Plants pretreated with 1-MCP had postproduction life increased by eight and nine days for Pimenta Colorida and Pimentão Ornamental, respectively. The 1-MCP application at the concentration of 1.0 g m-3 is efficient in maintaining ornamental quality and prolonging the shelf life of Pimenta Colorida and Pimentão Ornamental. RESUMO O 1-MCP tem sido efetivamente utilizado como antagonista das ações deletérias do etileno em flores e plantas ornamentais. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficiência do 1-MCP (0,0; 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 g m-3) na manutenção da qualidade pós-produção de pimenteiras ornamentais sensíveis ao etileno exógeno. Foram avaliadas duas variedades comerciais: Pimentão Ornamental e Pimenta Colorida, ambas Capsicum annuum. O pré-tratamento com 1-MCP, independente da concentração aplicada, foi eficaz em bloquear a ação do etileno reduzindo em 100% a abscisão de folhas, flores e frutos de ambos os genótipos. As plantas pré-tratadas com 1-MCP tiveram a vida de pós-produção aumentada em oito e nove dias para Pimenta Colorida e Pimentão Ornamental, respectivamente. A aplicação de 1-MCP na concentração de 1,0 g m-3 é eficiente em manter a qualidade ornamental e prolongar a vida de prateleira da Pimenta Colorida e Pimentão Ornamental.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the action of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the growth and ornamental value of two pepper accessions and two commercial cultivars of ornamental pepper - Biquinho Vermelha and Bode Amarela. A PBZ aqueous solution (250 mL) was used to soak the substrate at 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg L-1 a.i. concentrations when the plants had 12 cm height. At the end of plant growth, the follwoing parameters were evaluated: plant height, chlorophyll content in leaves, number of fruit and leaves, and canopy compactness at the time the plants reached maturity to be marketed, with 30% of ripe fruit. Irrespective of the applied PBZ concentration, plant height diminished, and chlorophyll content increased. PBZ did not improve the ornamental characteristics of the genotypes 'Biquinho Vermelha' and 2334PB, which resulted in unsuitable plants for market requirements. For the genotypes 2345PB and 'Bode Amarela', the application of 20 mg L-1 of PBZ is the most indicated, and it results in plants with adequate ornamental characteristics required by the national market of flowers and ornamental plants. Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do paclobutrazol (PBZ) sobre o crescimento e valor ornamental de dois acessos e duas cultivares comerciais de pimenta ornamental - Biquinho Vermelha e Bode Amarela. Uma solução aquosa de 250 mL de PBZ foi adicionada aos vasos com 0, 20, 40 e 60 mg L-1 i.a., quando as plantas apresentavam 12 cm de altura. Ao final do crescimento, determinaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: a altura das plantas, o teor de clorofila das folhas, o número de frutos e de folhas, e a compacidade da parte aérea no estádio de maturidade das plantas, com 30% de frutos maduros. Independentemente da concentração de PBZ aplicada, houve redução da altura das plantas e aumento da concentração de clorofila nas folhas. O PBZ não melhorou as características ornamentais dos genótipos 'Biquinho Vermelha' e 2334PB, o que resultou em plantas inadequadas aos requisitos do mercado. Para os genótipos 2345PB e 'Bode Amarela', a aplicação de 20 mg L-1 de PBZ é a mais indicada e resulta em plantas com características ornamentais adequadas requeridas pelo mercado nacional de flores e plantas ornamentais.

As espécies do gênero Capsicum possuem grande variabilidade genética com enorme potencial para comercialização como plantas ornamentais de vaso. A exposição ao etileno induz várias respostas deletérias durante o ciclo de vida das plantas, mas há poucos estudos sobre como o etileno afeta estádios iniciais do desenvolvimento dessas plantas ornamentais. Portanto, este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de etileno e inibidores de etileno, 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) e tiossulfato de prata (STS) durante dois estádios de desenvolvimento iniciais (plântulas e floração inicial) de pimenteiras ornamentais das cultivares ‘Calypso’ e ‘MG 302’. A cultivar ‘MG 302’ apresentou sensibilidade intermediária ao etileno, enquanto a cultivar ‘Calypso’ apresentou abscisão completa das folhas quando exposta a 10 μl de etileno por 48 horas em ambos os estádios de desenvolvimento. As plantas tratadas com 1-MCP apresentaram durabilidade semelhante ao controle para ambas as variedades e estádios de desenvolvimento, já o tratamento com 1-MCP + etileno foi benéfico apenas para ‘MG 302’. STS foi a substância mais eficiente em retardar a ação do etileno, em que no estádio 1 não houve abscisão foliar e no estádio 2 houve abscisão foliar muito reduzida, independente da cultivar avaliada. O tratamento com STS + etileno foi eficiente apenas no estágio 1 para ‘Calypso’ e no estágio 2 para ‘MG 302’. De acordo com os dados, as cultivares apresentaram diferentes níveis de sensibilidade ao etileno, ‘Calypso’ é muito sensível e ‘MG 302’ mostrou sensibilidade intermediária. Independente da cultivar, o tratamento com STS bloqueou consideravelmente a ação do etileno em ambos os estádios de desenvolvimento e a utilização de 1-MCP foi menos eficiente. The species of Capsicum genus have great genetic variability with enormous potential for marketing as ornamental potted plants. The exposure at ethylene induces various deleterious responses during plants life cycle, but there are few studies on how the ethylene affects early developmental stages of these ornamental plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of ethylene and ethylene inhibitors, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and silver thiosulphate (STS) in two early development stages (seedling or initial flowering) of potted ornamental peppers of the cultivars ‘Calypso’ and ‘MG 302’. Cultivar ‘MG 302’ showed intermediate sensitivity to ethylene, while the cultivar ‘Calypso’ showed complete abscission of leaves when exposed to 10 µl of ethylene for 48 hours in both development stages. Plants treated with 1-MCP showed similar durability to control for both varieties and developmental stages, and the treatment with 1-MCP + ethylene was beneficial only for ‘MG 302’. STS was the most efficient substance in delaying the ethylene, wherein at stage 1 there was no leaf abscission and at stage 2 had much reduced leaf abscission occurred, regardless the cultivar. Treatment with STS + ethylene was efficient only at stage 1 for ‘Calypso’ and at stage 2 for ‘MG 302’. According to the data, cultivars showed different levels of sensitivity to ethylene, ‘Calypso’ is very sensitive and ‘MG 302’ showed intermediate sensitivity. Regardless the cultivar, STS treatment significantly blocked the ethylene action in both development stages and the use of 1-MCP was less efficient

High seed production makes Sporobolus indicus var. pyramidalis a difficult to control invasive grassland plant. The objective of the present study was to investigate the bioactivity of Cyperus rotundus, Phyllanthus tenellus and Ricinus communis green leaf extracts and of Carica papaya seeds on S. indicus germination without breaking dormancy, simulating the field conditions. The ethanolic extract bioactivity of C. rotundus, P. tenellus, R. communis green leaves and C. papaya seeds, at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75% in S. indicus germination was evaluated. Carotenoids, flavonoids, soluble phenolic compounds and total tannins were quantified in the extracts. The chemical component concentrations varied between alcoholic extracts. The P. tenellus extracts at all dilutions and those of R. communis and C. papaya at 75% completely suppressed S. indicus seed germination at five and ten days which can be attributed to their high tannin concentration, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids.

Gladiolus grandiflorus L. is highly susceptible to Fusarium and losses caused by this disease varies from 60% to 100%. Injuries caused during harvest, transport and inadequate storage, facilitate infection. The dynamics of wound healing can reduce infection by Fusarium. The objective was to characterize the wound healing in corms of G. grandiflora stored under refrigeration and how it affects the entry and establishment of F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli infection. Corms were wounded and stored at 12 ± 4°C and relative humidity of 90 ± 5%. Cell damage, fresh weight loss, respiration, phenolic compounds, tissue darkening, suberization, lignification and resistance to infection were evaluated. Wounds on corms caused transepidermal damage with collapse and cell death. Physiological (increased loss of mass and respiration) and biochemical changes (deposition of lignin and suberin, enzymatic activity) occurred in the cells neighboring those death by the injury. The injury caused gradual darkening of the tissue, injured and neighbor. Fusarium oxysporum infection decreased with wound healing. The healing of injured G. grandiflora corms stored at 12ºC occurs from the 3rd day after injury by the accumulation of suberin, lignin, and melanin, inhibiting F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli infection.

Contaminated water consumption is one of the greatest risks to human health, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. Water is a universal right, but millions of people worldwide consume untreated surface water. The objective in this study is to evaluate water purification with Nopalea cochenillifera var. Miúda biomass. Fragments (1, 2, and 3 g) of N. cochenillifera were added to the aqueous solution containing red-yellow Chromic and Podzolic Luvisol simulating turbid water sources in Northeastern Brazil. The total, non-structural (i.e., reducing and non-reducing sugars, alcohol insoluble solids), and structural (i.e., pectin) carbohydrates, adsorption kinetics, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, zeta potential, and total coliforms presence were evaluated. Findings show that the Nopalea cochenillifera biomass adsorbed the suspended particles in the aqueous solution, making it more translucent due to the complex and heterogeneous adsorbents’ ion exchange matrix, but the biomass addition did not eliminate total coliforms from the aqueous solution. We concluded that the Nopalea cochenillifera biomass water treatment reduces suspended dissolved particles and turbidity, but it needs to be associated with other treatments to eliminate total coliforms and ensure water safety for human consumption.

Common beans are one of the most economically important legumes in the world. The determination of the ideal harvesting period may coincide with the maximum seed quality and vigor. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the physiology of growth and development of fruits, seeds and seedlings of two cultivars of common beans. To this end, two cultivars of common beans were used: the “Macarrão Trepador” and “Rasteiro Fartura” harvested every five days after anthesis (DAA). The pods were harvested and sent to the laboratory for seed analysis and extraction. In the laboratory, biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds, physiological quality (germination and vigor) and chemical composition of seeds were evaluated. The physiological maturity of “Macarrão Trepador” and “Rasteiro Fartura” cultivars occurred at 35 DAA, during which the seeds had the maximum dry matter and the minimum water content. The chemical composition of the seeds of both cultivars was similar, except for lignin, whose content was higher in “Rasteiro Fartura” cultivar at 25 DAA. The color and dry mass of fruits and seeds, germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index and average germination time are the indicators that help in determining the physiological maturity point.

Oenocarpus distichus presents economic, ecological, and dietary potential for pulp market processed in natura. Germplasm conservation and genetic improvement depend on genetic divergence studies. The objective was to quantify genetic divergence in a native population of O. distichus genotypes based on fruit biometrics. The fruit length and width, fruit mass, pulp and seed, pulp and almond thickness, and pulp yield per fruit were evaluated. All fruit biometric characteristics of O. distichus palms show genetic variability. Genetic variations among genotypes are essential for predicting heredity and heterosis, which are essential for improving O. distichus production. Pulp yield and seed mass were negatively correlated. Almond thickness and pulp, seed mass and transverse diameter were positively correlated. Genetic distances between pair of genotypes ranged from 0.07 to 48.10 with three genetically distinct groups. The seed mass, almond thickness and transverse diameter contributed to genetic divergence. Heritability estimates the genetic control that can be obtained from O. distichus germplasm. Correlations between the variable pair reduce the evaluation effort and the resources to measure the genotype allocations in heterogeneous groups presenting high genetic variability. This makes it possible to select individuals for hybridization programs with F1 generation gains. Correlation and relative contribution networks, based on relationships graphical between fruit biometric characteristics, allow the variables selection with less effort and fewer measurements. O. distichus fruit biometric characters are efficient to quantify genetic divergence between genotypes.

Tropaeolum majus L. é utilizada como flor comestível e medicinal. A conservação e a qualidade das flores são determinadas, principalmente, pelo estádio de maturação em que são colhidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o ponto de colheita de flores de T. majus. Os estádios fenológicos das flores foram determinados visualmente. A antocianina, comprimento das flores, carotenoides, flavonoides, massa fresca e teor de sólidos solúveis aumentaram durante o desenvolvimento das flores seguido de uma redução nos estádios correspondentes a senescência. O teor de ácido ascórbico decresceu durante o desenvolvimento. O estádio XII corresponde ao ponto ideal de colheita para as flores de T. majus. Tropaeolum majus L. is used as an edible and medicinal flower. The conservation and quality of the flowers are mainly determined by the maturity stage at which they are harvested. The objective of this work was to determine the harvest point of T. majus flowers. The phenological stages of the flowers were determined visually. Anthocyanin, flower length, carotenoids, flavonoids, fresh mass and soluble solids content increased during flower development followed by a reduction in the stages corresponding to senescence. The ascorbic acid content decreased during development. Stage XII corresponds to the ideal harvest point for T. majus flowers.

Blends of rice waste streams were submitted to co-gasification assays. The resulting chars (G1C and G2C) were characterized and used in Cr(III) removal assays from a synthetic solution. A Commercial Activated Carbon (CAC) was used for comparison purposes. The chars were non-porous materials mainly composed by ashes (68.3-92.6% w/w). The influences of adsorbent loading (solid/liquid ratio - S/L) and initial pH in Cr(III) removal were tested. G2C at a S/L of 5 mg L-1 and an initial pH of 4.50 presented an uptake capacity significantly higher than CAC (7.29 and 2.59 mg g(-1), respectively). G2C was used in Cr(III) removal assays from an industrial wastewater with Cr(III) concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1. Cr(III) removal by precipitation (uptake capacity ranging from 11.1 to 14.9mg g(-1)) was more effective in G2C, while adsorption (uptake capacity of 16.1 mg g(-1)) was the main removal mechanism in CAC. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background. The production and marketing of flower and ornamentals have increased in the world. However, about 50% of this production is lost due to injuries caused by precarious harvesting, transportation and storage, which facilitates tissue infection. The objective of this research was to characterize wound healing in refrigerated Gladioulus grandiflora corms and how this affects the entry and establishment of Fusarium oxysporum infection. Methods. Gladioulus grandiflora corms were injured and stored at 12 ± 4 °C and a relative humidity of 90 ± 5%. Phenolic compounds, tissue darkening (melanin formation), lignification, suberization, resistance to infection, loss of fresh mass and respiratory rate were evaluated during healing of G, grandiflora corms. Results. Injury to G. grandiflora corms caused cellular decompartmentalization and death, increasing the fresh mass losses and triggering oxidase activities by exposing enzymes to substrates and O2. Discussion. Cells adjacent to the wound underwent healing in a temporal sequence, starting with an increase in respiration rate, formation of carbon skeletons that increase the concentration of phenolic compounds used for the synthesis and deposition of lignin, melanin, and suberin in injured tissues. Conclusion. These processes resulted in G. grandiflora corm healing by accumulation of lignin, melanin and suberin in wounded tissues, which sealed corm against water loss and F. oxysporum entrance by the third day after injury.