7 results on '"Weller, IVD"'
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2. A PILOT STUDY OF THE SAFETY, TOLERANCE, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF U-8720IE IN HIV INFECTED PERSONS
- Author
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Been-Tiktak, AMM, Vrehen, H M, Borleffs, JCC, Richens, J, Aldam, D, Williams, I, Weller, IVD, van Loon, A M, van den Akker, R, and Ward, P
- Published
- 1994
3. Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus infection measured by antibodies to recombinant capsid protein and latent immunofluorescence antigen
- Author
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Simpson, GR Schulz, TF Whitby, D Cook, PM Boshoff, C and Rainbow, L Howard, MR Gao, SJ Bohenzky, RA Simmonds, P and Lee, C deRuiter, A Hatzakis, A Tedder, RS Weller, IVD Weiss, RA Moore, PS
- Subjects
viruses ,virus diseases - Abstract
Background Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8, may be the infectious cause of KS. Its prevalence in the general population, on the basis of detection of the virus genome, is controversial. To investigate the seroprevalence, we measured antibodies to a recombinant capsid-related (lytic cycle) KSHV antigen and a latent antigen complex. Methods We selected potentially immunoreactive capsid-related proteins of KSHV by expressing them as recombinant proteins and testing them in western blot assays. We used a truncated recombinant protein encoded by KSHV open reading frame 65 (orf 65) to develop a diagnostic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and tested sera from HIV-infected individuals with KS, HIV-uninfected patients with ‘’classic” KS, other HIV risk groups, and blood donors. We also compared the antibody response to this capsid-related protein to the response to latent antigen(s) in an immunofluorescence assay. Findings 77/92 (84%) sera from KS patients reacted with the KSHV orf 65 protein and 84/103 (81 . 5%) reacted with KSHV latent antigen(s). The dominant immunogenic region of orf 65 is within the carboxyterminal 80 aminoacids, a region with little sequence similarity to the related Epstein-Barr virus, suggesting that orf 65 is a KSHV specific antigen. Only three sera from patients with haemophilia (1/84) or from intravenous drug users (2/63) had KSHV specific antibodies in the orf 65 assay whereas none of these sera reacted with latent antigen. Antibodies to KSHV were also infrequently found in UK and US blood donors by either assay (UK, 3/174 with orf 65 and 4/150 with latent antigen; US, 6/117 with orf 65 and 0/117 with latent antigen). They were more common among HIV-infected gay men without KS (5/16 by orf 65 ELISA, 10/33 by IFA), HIV-uninfected STD clinic attenders (14/166 by IFA), and Ugandan HIV-uninfected controls (6/17 by orf 65 ELISA, 9/17 by IFA). Antibody reactivity to the orf 65 protein (ELISA) and to latent antigen(s) (IFA) was concordant in 89% of 462 sera tested but reactive blood donor sera were discordant in both assays. Four AIDS-KS sera were unreactive in both assays. Interpretation The distribution of antibodies to both a capsid-related recombinant protein and latent antigen(s) of KSHV strongly supports the view that infection with this virus is largely confined to individuals with, or at increased risk for, KS. However, infection with KSHV does occur, rarely, in the general UK and US population and is more common in Uganda. Antibodies to latent antigen(s) or to orf 65 encoded capsid protein will not detect all cases of KSHV infection, and a combination of several antigens will probably be required for accurate screening and confirmatory assays.
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- 1996
4. Safety, tolerance, and efficacy of atevirdine in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals
- Author
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UCL, BeenTiktak, AMM, Williams, I., Vrehen, HM, Richens, J, Aldam, D, vanLoon, AM, Loveday, C, Boucher, CAB, Ward, P, Weller, IVD, Borleffs, JCC, UCL, BeenTiktak, AMM, Williams, I., Vrehen, HM, Richens, J, Aldam, D, vanLoon, AM, Loveday, C, Boucher, CAB, Ward, P, Weller, IVD, and Borleffs, JCC
- Abstract
Atevirdine is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In this study we investigated the effect of atevirdine in asymptomatic antiretroviral naive HIV-infected patients with CD4(+) cell counts of between 200 and 750 cells per mm(3). Patients were randomized to receive 600 mg of atevirdine (n = 15) or a placebo (n = 15) three times a day for 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant effect of atevirdine on viral loads (HIV p24 antigen and HIV-1 RNA levels by PCR) or CD4(+) cell counts. The data do not support the use of atevirdine as a monotherapy in the treatment of HIV-infected patients.
- Published
- 1996
5. Immunization with recombinant p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons
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UCL, Veenstra, J, Williams, TG, Colebunders, R, Dorrell, L, Tchamouroff, SE, Patou, G, Lange, JMA, Weller, IVD, Goeman, J, Uthayakumar, S, Gow, IR, Weber, JN, Coutinho, RA, UCL, Veenstra, J, Williams, TG, Colebunders, R, Dorrell, L, Tchamouroff, SE, Patou, G, Lange, JMA, Weller, IVD, Goeman, J, Uthayakumar, S, Gow, IR, Weber, JN, and Coutinho, RA
- Abstract
In studies of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, it has been repeatedly shown that higher-titer antibody responses to the HIV gag p24 protein correlate with less rapid disease progression. In HIV-negative persons, immunization with HIV-1 p17/p24:Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP) induced humoral and cellular immune responses to p24. This construct was therefore studied as a potential immunotherapeutic agent with the objective of augmenting the immune response to p24 in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 74 p24 antibody-positive, asymptomatic HIV-l-infected subjects with CD4 cell counts >350/mm(3). Immunization with p24-VLP was generally well tolerated. Immunization with p24-VLP did not increase p24 antibody levels and had no effect on CD4 cell counts or virus load. The failure to increase p24 antibody titers cannot entirely be explained by the subjects' immunodeficiency because most generated an antibody response to Ty, a yeast component of the immunogen.
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- 1996
6. Observations of HIV-1 Genotypic Drug Resistance in a Trial of Four Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (Quattro Trial)
- Author
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Kaye, S, Dunn, DT, Babiker, AG, Darbyshire, JH, Hooker, MH, Nesarantnam, S, Newberry, A, Weber, J, Breckenridge, A, Babiker, A, Back, D, Blatchford, N, Darbyshire, JH, Gazzard, B, Gartland, M, Hooker, M, Jeffries, D, Johnson, M, Plummer, K, Wills, B, Kitchen, V, Loveday, C, Tedder, R, Weber, J, Weller, IVD, and Withnall, R
- Abstract
The Quattro Trial compared the use of four HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (zidovudine, lamivudine, loviride and zalcitabine), given either as four-drug combination therapy or monotherapy, with 8-week cycles of each drug, with zidovudine/lamivudine dual therapy. Observations of resistance associated and other mutations in the RT gene were made to determine whether therapy failure could be explained by acquisition of these mutations and whether novel mutation patterns developed. As in the intent-to-treat analysis, the use of cyclical monotherapy gave a smaller reduction in plasma virus load at 64 weeks (0.4 log10copies/ml below baseline) than the quadruple or dual therapy arms (1.3 and 0.8 log10copies/ml below baseline). Cyclical therapy appeared to generate less genotypic resistance to zidovudine, loviride or zalcitabine than the other arms. Resistance to lamivudine (mutation M184V) developed rapidly in all three arms. Resistance to zidovudine was acquired by a larger proportion of subjects on dual therapy than on quadruple therapy. Resistance to loviride or zalcitabine was rarely observed. During lamivudine monotherapy the M184V mutation was rapidly acquired and viral load rebounded. Zalcitabine monotherapy initially selected M184V mutants, but these were lost as therapy continued. Novel mutations that may have been associated with combination or cyclical quadruple therapy were observed infrequently. There was no clear correlation between changes in response to therapy and the development of previously described resistance mutations or with novel mutations in the RT gene.
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- 2002
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7. "Well, not me, but other women do not register because..."- Barriers to seeking antenatal care in the context of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among Zimbabwean women: a mixed-methods study.
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Sibanda EL, Bernays S, Weller IVD, Hakim JG, and Cowan FM
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- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, HIV Infections transmission, Humans, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical prevention & control, Mass Screening statistics & numerical data, Poverty, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious prevention & control, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Zimbabwe, HIV Infections prevention & control, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Patient Acceptance of Health Care statistics & numerical data, Prenatal Care statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: While barriers to uptake of antenatal care (ANC) among pregnant women have been explored, much less is known about how integrating prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programmes within ANC services affects uptake. We explored barriers to uptake of integrated ANC services in a poor Zimbabwean community., Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among post-natal women at Mbare Clinic, Harare, between September 2010 and February 2011. Collected data included participant characteristics and ANC uptake. Logistic regression was conducted to determine factors associated with ANC registration. In-depth interviews were held with the first 21 survey participants who either did not register or registered after twenty-four weeks gestation to explore barriers. Interviews were analysed thematically., Results: Two hundred and ninety-nine participants (mean age 26.1 years) were surveyed. They came from ultra-poor households, with mean household income of US$181. Only 229 (76.6%) had registered for ANC, at a mean gestation of 29.5 weeks. In multivariable analysis, household income was positively associated with ANC registration, odds ratio (OR) for a $10-increase in household income 1.02 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.0-1.04), as was education which interacted with having planned the pregnancy (OR for planned pregnancy with completed ordinary level education 3.27 (95%CI 1.55-6.70). Divorced women were less likely to register than married women, OR 0.20 (95%CI 0.07-0.58). In the qualitative study, barriers to either ANC or PMTCT services limited uptake of integrated services. Women understood the importance of integrated services for PMTCT purposes and theirs and the babies' health and appeared unable to admit to barriers which they deemed "stupid/irresponsible", namely fear of HIV testing and disrespectful treatment by nurses. They represented these commonly recurring barriers as challenges that "other women" faced. The major proffered personal barrier was unaffordability of user fees, which was sometimes compounded by unsupportive husbands who were the breadwinners., Conclusion: Women who delayed/did not register were aware of the importance of ANC and PMTCT but were either unable to afford or afraid to register. Addressing the identified challenges will not only be important for integrated PMTCT/ANC services but will also provide a model for dealing with challenges as countries scale up 'treat all' approaches.
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
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