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Shah, Sonia, Henry, Albert, Roselli, Carolina, Lin, Honghuang, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Fatemifar, Ghazaleh, Hedman, Asa K, Wilk, Jemma B, Morley, Michael P, Chaffin, Mark D, Helgadottir, Anna, Verweij, Niek, Dehghan, Abbas, Almgren, Peter, Andersson, Charlotte, Aragam, Krishna G, Arnlov, Johan, Backman, Joshua D, Biggs, Mary L, Bloom, Heather L, Brandimarto, Jeffrey, Brown, Michael R, Buckbinder, Leonard, Carey, David J, Chasman, Daniel I, Chen, Xing, Chen, Xu, Chung, Jonathan, Chutkow, William, Cook, James P, Delgado, Graciela E, Denaxas, Spiros, Doney, Alexander S, Doerr, Marcus, Dudley, Samuel C, Dunn, Michael E, Engstrom, Gunnar, Esko, Tonu, Felix, Stephan B, Finan, Chris, Ford, Ian, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Ghasemi, Sahar, Giedraitis, Vilmantas, Giulianini, Franco, Gottdiener, John S, Gross, Stefan, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, Gutmann, Rebecca, Haggerty, Christopher M, van der Harst, Pim, Hyde, Craig L, Ingelsson, Erik, Jukema, J Wouter, Kavousi, Maryam, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kleber, Marcus E, Kober, Lars, Koekemoer, Andrea, Langenberg, Claudia, Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia M, London, Barry, Lotta, Luca A, Lovering, Ruth C, Luan, Jian'an, Magnusson, Patrik, Mahajan, Anubha, Margulies, Kenneth B, Maerz, Winfried, Melander, Olle, Mordi, Ify R, Morgan, Thomas, Morris, Andrew D, Morris, Andrew P, Morrison, Alanna C, Nagle, Michael W, Nelson, Christopher P, Niessner, Alexander, Niiranen, Teemu, O'Donoghue, Michelle L, Owens, Anjali T, Palmer, Colin NA, Parry, Helen M, Perola, Markus, Portilla-Fernandez, Eliana, Psaty, Bruce M, Rice, Kenneth M, Ridker, Paul M, Romaine, Simon PR, Rotter, Jerome I, Salo, Perttu, Salomaa, Veikko, van Setten, Jessica, Shalaby, Alaa A, Smelser, Diane T, Smith, Nicholas L, Stender, Steen, Stott, David J, Svensson, Per, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Taylor, Kent D, Teder-Laving, Maris, Teumer, Alexander, Thorgeirsson, Gudmundur, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Torp-Pedersen, Christian, Trompet, Stella, Tyl, Benoit, Uitterlinden, Andre G, Veluchamy, Abirami, Voelker, Uwe, Voors, Adriaan A, Wang, Xiaosong, Wareham, Nicholas J, Waterworth, Dawn, Weeke, Peter E, Weiss, Raul, Wiggins, Kerri L, Xing, Heming, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M, Yu, Bing, Zannad, Faiez, Zhao, Jing Hua, Hemingway, Harry, Samani, Nilesh J, McMurray, John JV, Yang, Jian, Visscher, Peter M, Newton-Cheh, Christopher, Malarstig, Anders, Holm, Hilma, Lubitz, Steven A, Sattar, Naveed, Holmes, Michael V, Cappola, Thomas P, Asselbergs, Folkert W, Hingorani, Aroon D, Kuchenbaecker, Karoline, Ellinor, Patrick T, Lang, Chim C, Stefansson, Kari, Smith, J Gustav, Vasan, Ramachandran S, Swerdlow, Daniel I, Lumbers, R Thomas, Abecasis, Goncalo, Backman, Joshua, Bai, Xiaodong, Balasubramanian, Suganthi, Banerjee, Nilanjana, Baras, Aris, Barnard, Leland, Beechert, Christina, Blumenfeld, Andrew, Cantor, Michael, Chai, Yating, Coppola, Giovanni, Damask, Amy, Dewey, Frederick, Economides, Aris, Eom, Gisu, Forsythe, Caitlin, Fuller, Erin D, Gu, Zhenhua, Gurski, Lauren, Guzzardo, Paloma M, Habegger, Lukas, Hahn, Young, Hawes, Alicia, van Hout, Cristopher, Jones, Marcus B, Khalid, Shareef, Lattari, Michael, Li, Alexander, Lin, Nan, Liu, Daren, Lopez, Alexander, Manoochehri, Kia, Marchini, Jonathan, Marcketta, Anthony, Maxwell, Evan K, McCarthy, Shane, Mitnaul, Lyndon J, O'Dushlaine, Colm, Overton, John D, Padilla, Maria Sotiropoulos, Paulding, Charles, Penn, John, Pradhan, Manasi, Reid, Jeffrey G, Schleicher, Thomas D, Schurmann, Claudia, Shuldiner, Alan, Staples, Jeffrey C, Sun, Dylan, Toledo, Karina, Ulloa, Ricardo H, Widom, Louis, Wolf, Sarah E, Yadav, Ashish, Ye, Bin, Ctr, Regeneron Genetics, Shah, Sonia [0000-0001-5860-4526], Henry, Albert [0000-0001-7422-2288], Roselli, Carolina [0000-0001-5267-6756], Lin, Honghuang [0000-0003-3043-3942], Chaffin, Mark D. [0000-0002-1234-5562], Helgadottir, Anna [0000-0002-1806-2467], Verweij, Niek [0000-0002-4303-7685], Almgren, Peter [0000-0002-0473-0241], Chen, Xu [0000-0002-7299-3238], Ghanbari, Mohsen [0000-0002-9476-7143], Giedraitis, Vilmantas [0000-0003-3423-2021], Gross, Stefan [0000-0003-4121-7161], Guðbjartsson, Daníel F. [0000-0002-5222-9857], Hyde, Craig L. [0000-0002-6939-287X], Ingelsson, Erik [0000-0003-2256-6972], Jukema, J. Wouter [0000-0002-3246-8359], Kleber, Marcus E. [0000-0003-0663-7275], Koekemoer, Andrea [0000-0001-8222-3547], Langenberg, Claudia [0000-0002-5017-7344], Lindgren, Cecilia M. [0000-0002-4903-9374], Lovering, Ruth C. [0000-0002-9791-0064], Luan, Jian’an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Magnusson, Patrik [0000-0002-7315-7899], Mahajan, Anubha [0000-0001-5585-3420], Mordi, Ify R. [0000-0002-2686-729X], Morris, Andrew D. [0000-0002-1766-0473], Nagle, Michael W. [0000-0002-4677-7582], Nelson, Christopher P. [0000-0001-8025-2897], Palmer, Colin N. A. [0000-0002-6415-6560], Rice, Kenneth M. [0000-0002-3071-7278], Rotter, Jerome I. [0000-0001-7191-1723], Salomaa, Veikko [0000-0001-7563-5324], van Setten, Jessica [0000-0002-4934-7510], Svensson, Per [0000-0003-0372-6272], Taylor, Kent D. [0000-0002-2756-4370], Teder-Laving, Maris [0000-0002-5872-1850], Teumer, Alexander [0000-0002-8309-094X], Tyl, Benoit [0000-0001-5297-8412], Uitterlinden, Andre G. [0000-0002-7276-3387], Völker, Uwe [0000-0002-5689-3448], Wiggins, Kerri L. [0000-0003-2749-1279], Hemingway, Harry [0000-0003-2279-0624], Yang, Jian [0000-0003-2001-2474], Visscher, Peter M. [0000-0002-2143-8760], Lubitz, Steven A. [0000-0002-9599-4866], Sattar, Naveed [0000-0002-1604-2593], Cappola, Thomas P. [0000-0002-9630-7204], Asselbergs, Folkert W. [0000-0002-1692-8669], Kuchenbaecker, Karoline [0000-0001-9726-603X], Ellinor, Patrick T. [0000-0002-2067-0533], Vasan, Ramachandran S. [0000-0001-7357-5970], Lumbers, R. Thomas [0000-0002-9077-4741], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Chaffin, Mark D [0000-0002-1234-5562], Guðbjartsson, Daníel F [0000-0002-5222-9857], Hyde, Craig L [0000-0002-6939-287X], Jukema, J Wouter [0000-0002-3246-8359], Kleber, Marcus E [0000-0003-0663-7275], Lindgren, Cecilia M [0000-0002-4903-9374], Lovering, Ruth C [0000-0002-9791-0064], Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Mordi, Ify R [0000-0002-2686-729X], Morris, Andrew D [0000-0002-1766-0473], Nagle, Michael W [0000-0002-4677-7582], Nelson, Christopher P [0000-0001-8025-2897], Palmer, Colin NA [0000-0002-6415-6560], Rice, Kenneth M [0000-0002-3071-7278], Rotter, Jerome I [0000-0001-7191-1723], Taylor, Kent D [0000-0002-2756-4370], Uitterlinden, Andre G [0000-0002-7276-3387], Wiggins, Kerri L [0000-0003-2749-1279], Visscher, Peter M [0000-0002-2143-8760], Lubitz, Steven A [0000-0002-9599-4866], Cappola, Thomas P [0000-0002-9630-7204], Asselbergs, Folkert W [0000-0002-1692-8669], Ellinor, Patrick T [0000-0002-2067-0533], Vasan, Ramachandran S [0000-0001-7357-5970], Lumbers, R Thomas [0000-0002-9077-4741], Palmer, Colin N A [0000-0002-6415-6560], Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), University of Queensland [Brisbane], University College of London [London] (UCL), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI)-Boston University [Boston] (BU), deCODE genetics [Reykjavik], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Pfizer, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], University of Groningen [Groningen], Imperial College London, Lund University [Lund], Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society [Stockholm, Sweden] (Division of Family Medicine), Dalarna University, Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington [Seattle], Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Geisinger, Danville, PA, Brigham and Women's Hospital [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Regeneron Genetics Center, 777 Old Saw Mill River Road, Tarrytown, NY, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), University of Liverpool, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, The Alan Turing Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School [Dundee], Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), University of Minnesota System, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals [Tarrytown], Department of Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Skane University Hospital [Lund], Institute of Genomics [Tartu, Estonia], University of Tartu, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Uppsala University, Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System, School of Science and Engineering (Reykjavik University), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Geisinger Health System [Danville, PA, USA], Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (ELEVM - LEIDEN), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals Leicester, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Institute of Metabolic Science, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Iowa [Iowa City], The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Medical University Graz, Skane University Hospital [Malmo], Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], University of Edinburgh, Université médicale de Vienne, Autriche, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], University of Turku, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Kaiser Permanente, Harbor UCLA Medical Center [Torrance, Ca.], Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), University Medical Center [Utrecht], University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center [Seattle], Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences [Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Department of Cardiology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Estonian Genome and Medicine, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Institut de Recherches SERVIER (IRS), Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo Smith Kline, Northeastern Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Centre d'investigation clinique plurithématique Pierre Drouin [Nancy] (CIC-P), Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] (CIC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Défaillance Cardiovasculaire Aiguë et Chronique (DCAC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists [Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy] (INI-CRCT), Institut Lorrain du Coeur et des Vaisseaux Louis Mathieu [Nancy], French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network - F-CRIN [Paris] (Cardiovascular & Renal Clinical Trialists - CRCT ), MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (BHF GCRC), University of Glasgow-NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences [Leicester], University of Leicester, Queensland Brain Institute, Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, University of Dundee, National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC)The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts N01-HC-55015, N01-HC- 55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC55021, N01-HC-55022, R01HL087641, R01HL59367, R01HL086694 and RC2 HL102419, National Human Genome Research Institute contract U01HG004402, and National Institutes of Health contract HHSN268200625226C. The authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions. Infrastructure was partly supported by Grant Number UL1RR025005, a component of the National Institutes of Health and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. A systems BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT- CHF)This project was funded by a grant from the European Commission (FP7‐242209‐ BIOSTAT‐CHF, EudraCT 2010–020808–29). Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) This CHS research was supported by NHLBI contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201800001C, HHSN268200960009C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, and NHLBI grants U01HL080295, R01HL087652, R01HL105756, R01HL103612, R01HL120393, and U01HL130114 with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided through R01AG023629 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA). A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at CHS-NHLBI.org. The provision of genotyping data was supported in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, CTSI grant UL1TR001881, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease Diabetes Research Center (DRC) grant DK063491 to the Southern California Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center. deCODE Heart Failure Study (deCODE) We at deCODE thank the women and men of Iceland that have participated in our studies and our colleagues that contributed to data collection and processing. DiscovEHR We acknowledge and thank all participants in Geisinger’s MyCode Community Health Initiative for their support and permission to use their health and genomic information in the DiscovEHR collaboration. This work was supported by the Regeneron Genetics Center and Geisinger. Estonian Genome Center at the University of Tartu (EGCUT) This study was supported by Estonian Research Council Grant IUT20-60, EU, H2020 grant 692145, European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Project No. 2014-2020.4.01.15-0012) GENTRANSMED. Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study (EPHESUS) The EPHESUS was supported by Pfizer, Inc. The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer, Norfolk study (EPIC-Norfolk) The EPIC-Norfolk Study is supported by programme grants from the Medical Research Council UK (G1000143) and Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136) and with additional support from the European Union, Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, Research into Ageing, Department of Health, The Wellcome Trust and the Food Standards Agency. NJW and CL also acknowledge support from the Medical Research Council, UK (MC_UU_12015/1, MC_PC_13048). We thank all EPIC participants and staff for their contribution to the study, and thank staff from the Technical, Field Epidemiology and Data Functional Group Teams of the Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit in Cambridge, UK, for carrying out sample preparation, DNA provision and quality control, genotyping and data handling work. Framingham Heart Study (FHS) This work was conducted using data and resources from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and Boston University School of Medicine. The study was supported by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study (Contract No. N01-HC-25195 and HHSN268201500001I) and its contract with Affymetrix, Inc for genotyping services (Contract No.N02-HL-6-4278). The work was also supported by R01 HL093328, R01 HL105993, and R01 HL71039 (PI: Ramachandran). FINRISK V.S. has been supported by the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research. Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research Tayside Scotland GoDARTS) The Wellcome Trust United Kingdom Type 2 Diabetes Case Control Collection (supporting GoDARTS) was funded by the Wellcome Trust (072960/Z/03/Z, 084726/Z/08/Z, 084727/Z/08/Z, 085475/Z/08/Z, 085475/B/08/Z) and as part of the EU IMI-SUMMIT programme. We acknowledge the support of the Health Informatics Centre, University of Dundee, for managing and supplying the anonymized data and NHS Tayside, the original data owner. The Genetic Risk Assessment of Defibrillator Events (GRADE) NIH-NHLBI R01 HL77398 (Genetic Modulators of Sudden Death). S.L. is supported by NIH grant 1R01HL139731 and American Heart Association 18SFRN34250007. The LUdwigshafen RIsk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study We extend our appreciation to the participants of the LURIC study, without their collaboration, this article would not have been written. We thank the LURIC study team who were either temporarily or permanently involved in patient recruitment as well as sample and data handling, in addition to the laboratory staff at the Ludwigshafen General Hospital and the Universities of Freiburg and Ulm, Germany. LURIC has received funding from the 7th Framework Program (RiskyCAD, grant agreement number 305739 and Atheroremo, grant agreement number 201668) of the European Union. Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS) J. Gustav Smith was supported by grants from the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (2016- 0134 and 2016-0315), the Swedish Research Council (2017-02554), the European Research Council (ERC-STG-2015-679242), the Crafoord Foundation, Skåne University Hospital, the Scania county, governmental funding of clinical research within the Swedish National Health Service, a generous donation from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation to the Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine in Lund, and funding from the Swedish Research Council (Linnaeus grant Dnr 349-2006-237, Strategic Research Area Exodiab Dnr 2009-1039) and Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (Dnr IRC15- 0067) to the Lund University Diabetes Center. The Malmo Diet and Cancer Study was made possible by grants from the Swedish Cancer Society, the Swedish Medical Research Council, the Swedish Dairy Association, and the Malmo city council. Penn Heart Failure Study (PHFS) The study was supported by NIH grants (NIH R01L088577 and NIH R01H105993). Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENd-stage Disease (PREVEND) The Prevention of Renal and Vascular Endstage Disease Study (PREVEND) genetics is supported by the Dutch Kidney Foundation (Grant E033), the EU project grant GENECURE (FP-6 LSHM CT 2006 037697), the National Institutes of Health (grant LM010098), the Netherlands organisation for health research and development (NWO VENI grant 916.761.70), and the Dutch Inter University Cardiology Institute Netherlands (ICIN). Niek Verweij was supported by NWO VENI grant 016.186.125. PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk for vascular disease (PROSPER)The PROSPER study was supported by an investigator-initiated grant obtained from Bristol- Myers Squibb. Support for genotyping was provided by the seventh framework program of the European commission (grant 223004) and by the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging grant 050-060-810). J.W.J. is an Established Clinical Investigator of the Netherlands Heart Foundation (grant 2001 D 032). Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) SHIP is part of the Community Medicine Research net of the University of Greifswald, Germany, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grants no. 01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103, and 01ZZ0403), the Ministry of Cultural Affairs as well as the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, and the network ‘Greifswald Approach to Individualized Medicine (GANI_MED)’ funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant 03IS2061A). Genome-wide data have been supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. 03ZIK012) and a joint grant from Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg- West Pomerania. The University of Greifswald is a member of the Caché Campus program of the InterSystems GmbH. Stabilization of Plaque using Darapladib-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 52 (SOLID)SOLID-TIMI 52 was funded by GlaxoSmithKline. TwinGene (TwinGene) TwinGene received funding from the Swedish Research Council (M-2005-1112), GenomEUtwin (EU/QLRT-2001-01254, QLG2-CT-2002-01254), NIH DK U01-066134, The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) and the Heart and Lung foundation no. 20070481. TwinGene is part of the Swedish Twin Registry which is managed by Karolinska Institutet and receives funding through the Swedish Research Council (2017–00641). UK Biobank (UKBiobank) This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 15422. This work was supported in part by grants to R.T.L. from the EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking BigData@Heart grant no. 116074, MRC Proximity to Discovery Award Scheme, the American Heart Association Institute for Precision Mecidine, Pfizer Ltd, the University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator (AA/18/6/34223), and was supported by the National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. A. H. is supported by the British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Biomedicine PhD studentship. R.T.L is supported by a UK Research and Innovation Rutherford Fellowship and was previously supported by a National Institutes of Health Research Clinical Lectureship. Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) J.Ä. is supported by the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Heart Lung foundation. C.M.L is supported by the Li Ka Shing Foundation, WT-SSI/John Fell funds and by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, by Widenlife and NIH (5P50HD028138- 27). Women’s Genome Health Study (WGHS) The WGHS is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL043851 and HL080467, HL099355) and the National Cancer Institute (CA047988 and UM1CA182913), with collaborative scientific support and funding for genotyping provided by Amgen., Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, Læknadeild (HÍ), Faculty of Medicine (UI), Verkfræði- og náttúruvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Engineering and Natural Sciences (UI), Heilbrigðisvísindasvið (HÍ), School of Health Sciences (UI), Háskóli Íslands, and University of Iceland

Siva-Jothy, Jonathon A, Prakash, Arun, Vasanthakrishnan, Radhakrishnan B, Monteith, Katy M, Vale, Pedro F, University of Edinburgh, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), 095831, Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

McClurg, Urszula L, Nabbi, Arash, Ricordel, Charles, Korolchuk, Svitlana, McCracken, Stuart, Heer, Rakesh, Wilson, Laura, Butler, Lisa M, Irving-Hooper, Bronwyn Kate, Pedeux, Remy, Robson, Craig N, Riabowol, Karl T, Binda, Olivier, Newcastle University [Newcastle], University of Calgary, Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS), Université de Rennes (UR)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Adelaide, Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Jonchère, Laurent

Elio Riboli, Carla H. van Gils, Gillian K Reeves, Tonje Braaten, María José Sánchez, Kim Overvad, Naomi E. Allen, Amelia Mattiello, Eric J. Duell, Anton E. Kunst, Petra H.M. Peeters, Kay-Tee Khaw, Anne-Kathrin Illner, Domenico Palli, Pagona Lagiou, Valentina Gallo, Anja Olsen, Eiliv Lund, Eva Ardanaz, José Ramón Quirós, Signe Borgquist, Manuela M. Bergmann, Paolo Vineis, Franco Berrino, Jonas Manjer, Carmen Navarro, Veronique Chajes, Rudolf Kaaks, Sabina Rinaldi, Carlotta Sacerdote, Silke Hermann, Rosario Tumino, A. M. May, Antonia Trichopoulou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Evelyn M. Monninkhof, Anne Tjønneland, Gwenn Menvielle, Hendriek Boshuizen, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Nadia Slimani, Amsterdam Public Health, Public and occupational health, Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Dept of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, Department of Cardiology and Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Cancer Epidemiology Institute, Danish Cancer Society, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Dept of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Dept of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School [Athens], Department of Epidemiology, Havard School of Public Health, Hellenic Health Foundation, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Department of Preventive & Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS-Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, Civile - M.P.Arezzo Hospital, CPO Piemonte, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT), Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Unit of Nutrition, Environment, and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Andalusian School of Public Health [Granada], CIBERESP, CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública, Epidemiology Department, Murcia Health Council, Public Health Institute of Navarra, Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital-Lund University [Lund], Department of surgery, Lund University [Lund]-Malmö University Hospital, Dept of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-MRC Center for Nutritional Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention and Survival, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford [Oxford]-Cancer Epidemiology Unit, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), University of Torino and CPO-Piemonte, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), ISI Foundation Institute for Scientific Interchange, G Menvielle received a funding from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale for this analysis. The project was in part funded by the European Commission, through the Eurocadet project (from the commission of the European communities research directorate-general, grant No EUROCADET:SP23-CT-2005-006528). EPIC was supported by the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993-2004 and the Research Directorate-General 2005-2008. European Commission FP5 project (QLG1-CT-2001-01049). The EPIC study was funded by 'Europe Against Cancer' Programme of the European Commission (SANCO), Ligue contre le Cancer (France), Société 3M (France), Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa de Centros de Cáncer (C03/10), the participating regional governments and institutions of Murcia, Navarra, Asturias, Pais Vasco y Andalucia, Spain, Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, United Kingdom, Stroke Association, United Kingdom, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, United Kingdom, Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom, The Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom, Greek Ministry of Health, Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Italian Association for Research on Cancer, Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Ministry of Health, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland, World Cancer Research Fund, Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Vasterbotten and Skane, Sweden, Norwegian Cancer Society, and Foundation to Promote Research into Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Norway. Some authors are partners of Environmental Cancer Risk, Nutrition and Individual Susceptibility, a network of excellence of the European Commission (6FP contract 513943). Antonio Agudo and Paolo Vineis were supported by ECNIS., Schmaus, Annie, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Lund University [Lund]-Lund University Hospital, University of Oxford-Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Public Health, and Cell biology

Andrea Wendt, Joline W.J. Beulens, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Pilar Amiano, Stephanie E. Chiuve, Elio Riboli, Anette Hjartåker, Domenico Palli, Isabel Drake, Pietro Ferrari, Anne Tjønneland, Maria Santucci de Magistris, Esther Molina-Montes, Heinz Freisling, Timothy J. Key, Aurelio Barricarte Gurrea, Aurelie Moskal, Jytte Halkjær, Brian Buijsse, Carlotta Sacerdote, Valeria Pala, Philippos Orfanos, Pedro T. Pisa, Tilman Kühn, Heiner Boeing, Antonia Trichopoulou, José María Huerta Castaño, José Ramón Quirós, Ulrika Ericson, Lena Maria Nilsson, Elisabete Weiderpass, Anna Winkvist, Genevieve Buckland, Nadia Slimani, Laura Nailler, Marleen A. H. Lentjes, Anne-Claire Vergnaud, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Graham Byrnes, Kay-Tee Khaw, Christina C. Dahm, Christina Bamia, Claire Cadeau, Marga C. Ocké, Dora Romaguera, Rosario Tumino, Epidemiology and Data Science, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, [Moskal,A, Pisa,PT, Freisling,H, Slimani,N] Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. [Ferrari,P] Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. [Byrnes,G] Biostatistics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. [Boutron-Ruault,M, Cadeau,C, Nailler,L] Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France. Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France. Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France. [Wendt,A, Kühn,T] Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. [Boeing,H, Buijsse,B] Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany. [Tjønneland,A, Halkjær,J] Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dahm,CC] Section for Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. [Chiuve,SE] Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. [Quirós,JR] Public Health and Health Planning Directorate, Asturias, Spain. [Buckland,G] Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. [Molina-Montes,E] Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. [Amiano,P, Huerta,JM, Barricarte,A] Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. [Amiano,P] Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BIODonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain. [Barricarte,A] Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain. [Huerta,JM] Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain. [Khaw,K, Lentjes,MA] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [Key,TJ] Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. [Romaguera,D, Vergnaud,A, Riboli,E] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. [Romaguera,D] CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain. [Trichopoulou,A, Bamia,C, Orfanos,P] WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of AthensMedical School, Athens, Greece. Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. [Palli,D] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute ISPO, Florence, Italy. [Pala,V] Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. [Tumino,R] Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, ‘‘Civile - M.P. Arezzo’’ Hospital, Ragusa, Italy. [Sacerdote,C] HuGeF Foundation and Center for Cancer Prevention CPOPiemonte, Torino, Italy. [Magistris,MS] Department of Clinical and ExperimentalMedicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB, Ocké,MC] The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Beulens,JWJ] Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Ericson,U] Diabetes and cardiovascular Disease, Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. [Drake,I] Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Research Group in Nutritional Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. [Nilsson,LM] Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutrition Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. [Winkvist,A] Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Weiderpass,E] Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Samfundet Folkhälsan, Helsinki, Finland. [Hjartaker,A] Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Funding: The coordination of EPIC is supported by the European Commission (DG-SANCO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The national cohorts are supported by Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Ge´ne´ rale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´dicale (INSERM) (France), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Hellenic Health Foundation (Greece), Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC) and National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports (VWS), Netherlands Cancer Registry (NKR), LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), [ERC-2009-AdG 232997] and Nordforsk, Nordic Centre of Excellence programme on Food, Nutrition and Health. (Norway), Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucı´a, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia [no. 6236] and Navarra and the Catalan Institute of Oncology, ISCIII RETIC [RD06/0020] (Spain), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council and Regional Government of Ska°ne and Va¨sterbotten (Sweden), Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, Food Standards Agency, and Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom)., and 16491, Cancer Research UK, United Kingdom

Göran Hallmans, Tonje Braaten, Anne M. May, Rudolf Kaaks, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Androniki Naska, Heinz Freisling, Amalia Mattiello, Marianne Uhre Jakobsen, Florence Perquier, Anne Tjønneland, Emily Sonestedt, Petra H.M. Peeters, Heiner Boeing, Jytte Halkjær, Birgit Teucher, Kay-Tee Khaw, Dora Romaguera, Eiliv Lund, Aurelio Barricarte, Rosario Tumino, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Anne-Claire Vergnaud, Nadia Slimani, Antonia Trichopoulou, Francesca L. Crowe, Pilar Amiano, Nicholas J. Wareham, Laudina Rodríguez, Kim Overvad, Fulvio Ricceri, María Dolores Chirlaque, Isabel Drake, Franco Berrino, Elio Riboli, Domenico Palli, Esther Molina-Montes, Philippos Orfanos, Guri Skeie, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Traci Mouw, Teresa Norat, Daphne L. van der A, Antonio Agudo, Isabelle Romieu, Ingeged Johansson, Brian Buijsse, [Vergnaud,AC, Norat,T, Mouw,T, Romaguera,D, Riboli,E, Peeters,PHM] Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. [May,AM, Peeters,PHM] Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [May,AM, Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB, van der A,HD] National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Agudo,A] Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. [Wareham,N] Medical Research Council, Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [Khaw,KT] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [Romieu,I, Freisling,H, Slimani,N] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France. [Perquier,F, Boutron-Ruault,MC, Clavel-Chapelon,F] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Villejuif, France. Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. [Palli,D] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO-Scientific Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy. [Berrino,F] Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, IRCCS Foundation, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy. [Mattiello,A] Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. [Tumino,R] Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, ‘‘Civile M.p.Arezzo’’ Hospital, Ragusa, Italy. [Ricceri,F] Human Genetics Foundation, HuGeF, Turin, Italy. [Rodríguez,L] Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Asturias, Spain. [Molina-Montes,E] Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. [Amiano,P] Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain and Biodonostia [sic]. [Barricarte,A] Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain. [Molina-Montes,E, Amiano,P, Barricarte,A, Chirlaque,MD] Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain. [Chirlaque,MD] Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain. [Crowe,FL] Cancer Epidemiology Unit Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. [Orfanos,P, Naska,A, Trichopoulou,A] WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. [Teucher,B, Kaaks,R] Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. [Boeing,H, Buijsse,B] Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany. [Johansson,I] Department of Odontology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. [Hallmans,G] Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. [Drake,I, Sonestedt,E] Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Nutrition Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. [Jakobsen, MU, Overvad,K] Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. [Overvad,K] Department of Cardiology Center for Cardiovascular Research Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. [Tjønneland,A, Halkjær,J] Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Skeie,G, Braaten,T, Lund,E] Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway., This publication arises from the project PANACEA, which has received funding from the European Union, in the framework of the Public Health Programme (project number: 2005328). The work was further financially supported by the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993–2004, Research Directorate-General 2005-.’’, Ligue contre le Cancer, Societe´ 3M, Mutuelle Ge´ne´ rale de l9Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´dicale (INSERM) (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, The participating regional governments and institutions (Spain), Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, Food Standards Agency, the Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom), Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Hellenic Health Foundation and Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece), Italian Association for Research on Cancer, National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Ministry of Health, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) (The Netherlands), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skane and Va¨sterbotten (Sweden), and Norwegian Research Council (Norway).

Philippos Orfanos, Lefkos T. Middleton, Vittorio Krogh, Kuanrong Li, J. Ramón Quirós, Sven Knüppel, Birgit Teucher, Eva Ardanaz, Heiner Boeing, Anne M. May, Laureen Dartois, Guy Fagherazzi, Domenico Palli, Peter Wallström, Bo Hedblad, Jytte Halkjær, Rosario Tumino, Annika Steffen, José María Huerta, María José Sánchez, Amalia Mattiello, Nicholas J. Wareham, Kim Overvad, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Kay-Tee Khaw, Daphne L. van der A, Antonia Trichopoulou, Miren Dorronsoro, Anne Tjønneland, Paolo Vineis, Thorkild I. A. Sørensen, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Noémie Travier, Petra H.M. Peeters, Francesca L. Crowe, [Steffen,A, Knüppel,S, Boeing,H] Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany. [Sørensen,TIA] Instiute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals – Part of Copenhagen University Hospital, The Capital Region, Denmark. [Travier,N] Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. [Sánchez,MJ] Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. [Huerta,JM] Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, Murcia, Spain. [Sánchez,MJ, Huerta,JM, Ardanaz,E] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain. [Quirós,JR] Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain. [Ardanaz,E] Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain. [Dorronsoro,M] Basque Regional Health Department and Ciberesp – Biodonostia, San Sebastian, Spain. [Teucher,B, Li,K] Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB, A,D] National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Mattiello,A] Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Frederico II University, Naples, Italy. [Palli,D] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy. [Tumino,R] Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, ‘‘Civile – M.P.Arezzo’’ Hospital, Ragusa, Italy. [Krogh,V] Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy. [Vineis,P] HuGeF Foundation Torino, Italy. [Trichopoulou,A, Orfanos,P, Trichopoulos,D] Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. [Trichopoulou,A, Orfanos,P] WHO Collaborating Center for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. [Trichopoulos,D] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America. [Trichopoulos,D] Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. [Hedblad,B] Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Clinical Research Centre, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. [Wallström,P] Nutrition Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. [Overvad,K] Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. [Halkjær,J, Tjønneland,A] Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Fagherazzi,G, Dartois,L] Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Paris South University, Villejuif, France. [Crowe,F] Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. [Khaw,K] Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [Wareham,N] Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [Vineis,P, Middleton,L] School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom. [May,AM, Peeters,PHM] Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Peeters,PHM] Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom., This publication arises from a collaboration of two EU projects, the Diet, Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) project and the Physical Activity, Nutrition, Alcohol, Cessation of Smoking, Eating out of Home and Obesity (PANACEA) project. DiOGenes is a pan-European study within the EU Sixth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (2005-2009) (FOOD-CT-2005-513946, http://www.diogenes.eu.org). PANACEA received funding from the EU in the framework of the Public Health Programme (project 2005328). This work was further supported by the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993–2004, the Research Directorate-General 2005, the Ligue contre le Cancer, the Societe´ 3M, the Mutuelle Ge´ne´ rale de l’Education Nationale, and the Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´ dicale, German Cancer Aid, the German Cancer Research Center, and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), the Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health RTICC ’Red Tema´tica de Investigacio´n Cooperativa en Ca´ncer (grant number C03/10, R06/0020), the participating regional governments and institutions of Spain, Cancer Research United Kingdom, the Medical Research Council, the Stroke Association, the British Heart Foundation, the Department of Health, the Food Standards Agency, and the Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom), the Italian Association for Research on Cancer and the National Research Council (Italy), the Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, the Dutch Ministry of Health, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, the Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland, and the World Cancer Research Fund (Netherlands), and the Swedish Cancer Society, the Swedish Scientific Council, and the Regional Government of Skane. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Dora Romaguera, Rosario Tumino, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Heiner Boeing, Carlos González, Elizabeth A Spencer, Silke Hermann, Kim Overvad, Androniki Naska, Veronica Hellstrom, Antonio Agudo, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Anne-Claire Vergnaud, Miren Dorronsoro, Tonje Braaten, Jonas Manjer, José María Huerta, Bo Hedblad, Nadia Slimani, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Amalia Mattiello, Marianne Uhre Jakobsen, Traci Mouw, Petra H.M. Peeters, Teresa Norat, Daphne L. van der A, Aurelio Barricarte, Nicholas J. Wareham, Timothy J. Key, Domenico Palli, Valeria Pala, Eiliv Lund, Elio Riboli, Anne M. May, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Laudina Rodríguez, Lotte E. Adema, Maria J. Sánchez, Philippos Orfanos, Ulf Ekelund, Antonia Trichopoulou, Annika Steffen, Sabine Rohrmann, Manuela M. Bergmann, Sabina Rinaldi, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Epidemiology Unit, Medical Research Council, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Hellenic Health Foundation, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, International Agency for Cancer Research (IACR), Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Epidemiology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Department of Surgery, Lund University [Lund]-Malmø University Hospital, Department of Clinical Science, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT), Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention (E3N), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Andalusian School of Public Health [Granada], Epidemiology and Health Information, Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Public Health Institute of Navarra, Epidemiology Department, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)-Council of Health and Consumer Affairs, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-IRCCS Foundation, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Universita di Napoli, Cancer Registry, Civile - M.P.Arezzo Hospital, This work was supported by the European Union, in the framework of the Public Health Programme (project number: 2005328). The work was further financially supported by the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993-2004, Research Directorate-General 2005-.', Ligue contre le Cancer, Societé 3 M, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, The participating regional governments and institutions and the ISCIII of the Spanish Ministry of Health (RETICC DR06/0020) (Spain), Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, Food Standards Agency, the Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom), Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Hellenic Health Foundation and Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece), Italian Association for Research on Cancer, National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Ministry of Health, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) (the The Netherlands), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skane (Sweden), Norwegian Cancer Society (Norway)., BMC, Ed., [May,AM, Adema,LE, Peeters,PHM] Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University,Utrecht, The Netherlands. [May,AM, van der Daphne,A, Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB] National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. [Romaguera,D, Vergnaud,AC, Mouw,T, Norat,T, Riboli,E, Peeters,PHM] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. [Agudo,A, Gonzalez,C] Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain. [Ekelund,U, Wareham,NJ] Medical Research Council, Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [Steffen,A, Boeing,H, Bergmann,MM] German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbrücke, Heidelberg, Germany. [Orfanos,P, Naska,A, Trichopoulou,A] Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece AND Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. [Slimani,N, Rinaldi,S] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France. [Rohrmann,S, Hermann,S] Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. [Jakobsen,MU, Overvad,K] Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. [Overvad,K] Department of Cardiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. [Tjonneland,A, Halkjaer,J] Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Key,TJ, Spencer,EA] Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. [Hellstrom,V] Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine,Nutritional Research, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. [Manjer,J] Department of Surgery, Malmø University Hospital, Lund University, Malmø, Sweden. [Hedblad,B] Department of Clinical Science, Malmø University Hospital, Lund University, Malmø, Sweden. [Lund,E, Braaten,T] Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. [Clavel-Chapelon,F, Boutron-Ruault,MC] Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale(INSERM), Villejuif, France. [Clavel-Chapelon,F, Boutron-Ruault,MC] Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. [Rodriguez,L] Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Asturias, Spain. [Sanchez,MJ] Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, and CIBER de Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada, Spain. [Dorronsoro,M] Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain. [Barricarte,A] Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Huerta,JM] Epidemiology Department, Council of Health and Consumer Affairs, Murcia & CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain. [Palli,D] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO-Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy.[Pala,V] Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS Foundation, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy. [Mattiello,A] Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy.[Tumino,R] Cancer Registry, Azienda Ospedaliera 'Civile M.P.Arezzo', Ragusa, Italy., This work was supported by the European Union, in the framework of the Public Health Programme (project number: 2005328). The work was further financially supported by the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993–2004, Ligue contre le Cancer, Societé 3 M, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France), University of Oxford [Oxford], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Zurich, and May, Anne M

Larraitz Arriola, Eiliv Lund, Anne Tjønneland, Johan P. Mackenbach, Gwenn Menvielle, Nicholas J. Wareham, Anton E. Kunst, Rudolf Kaaks, Manuela M. Bergmann, Sabine Rohrmann, Kay-Tee Khaw, Göran Hallmans, Petra P.H. Peeters, Antonio Agudo, Aurelio Barricante Gurrea, Antonia Trichopoulou, Valentina Gallo, Majid Ezzati, Androniki Naska, Birgit Teucher, Sophia Zackrisson, Martin Almquist, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Traci Mouw, Timothy J. Key, Elio Riboli, Peter D. Siersema, Heiner Boeing, Kim Overvad, Susanne Oksbjerg Dalton, Rosario Tumino, Carmen Navarro, María-Luisa Redondo, Tonje Braaten, Giovanna Masala, Salvatore Panico, Guri Skeie, Anne-Kathrin Illner, Paolo Vineis, Sture Eriksson, Paolo Contiero, Antonio Daponte, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Public and occupational health, University of Zurich, Vineis, Paolo, [Gallo,V, Ezzati,M, Mouw,T, Riboli,E, Vineis,P] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. [Gallo,V] Social and Environmental Health Research,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. [Mackenbach,JP] Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. [Menvielle,G] Epidemiology of Occupational and Social Determinants of Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France. [Menvielle,G] Universite of Versailles Saint Quentin, Versailles, France. [Kunst,AE] Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [Rohrmann,S] Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. [Kaaks,R, Teucher,B] Division of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. [Boeing,H, Bergmann,MM] Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany. [Tjønneland,A, Dalton,SO] Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Overvad,K] Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. [Redondo,M] Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain. [Agudo,A] Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. [Daponte,A, Arriola,L, Navarro,C, Barricante Gurrea,A] CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain. [Daponte,A] Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. [Arriola,L] Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Spain. [Navarro,C] Department of Epidemiology, Regional Health Authority, Murcia, Spain. [Navarro,C] Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Murcia, Spain. [Barricante Gurrea,A] Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain. [Khaw,KT] University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [Wareham,N] Medical Research Council – Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [Key,T] Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. [Naska,A, Trichopoulou,A] World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Food and Nutrition Policies, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. [Trichopoulou,A] Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece. [Trichopoulos,D] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America. [Trichopoulos,D] Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Greece. [Masala,G] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute, Florence, Italy. [Panico,S] Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. [Contiero,T] Cancer Registry and Environmental Epidemiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. [Tumino,R] Cancer Registry and Histopathological Unit, Civile M. P. Arezzo Hospital, Ragusa, Italy. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB] National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB, Siersema,PD] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Peeters,PP] Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Zackrisson,S] Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö , Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Sweden. [Almquist,M] Department of Surgery, University Hospital Lund and Lund University, Lund, Sweden. [Eriksson,S, Hallmans,G] Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. [Skeie,G, Braaten,T, Lund,E] Institutt for samfunnsmedisin, Universitetet i Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. [Illner,A] Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France., This research has been made possible thanks to a grant of the European Community (5th Framework Programme) to PV (grant QLK4CT199900927), and a grant of the Compagnia di San Paolo to the ISI Foundation. All authors are independent form founders. Mortality data from the Netherlands were obtained from 'Statistics Netherlands'. In addition we would like to thank for their financial support: Europe Against cancer Program of the European Commission (SANCO), ISCIII, Red de Centros RCESP, C03/09, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Danish Cancer Society, Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, Cancer Research U.K., Medical Research Council, United Kingdom, Stroke Association, United Kingdom, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, United Kingdom, Food Standards Agency, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom, Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Stavros Niacrchos Foundation, Hellenic Health Foundation, Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), Italian National Research Council, Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, World Cancer Research Fund, Swedish Cancer, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skane, Sweden, Norwegian Cancer Society, Research Council of Norway, French League against Cancer, Inserm, Mutuelle Generale l’Education National and IGR. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., Gallo, V, Mackenbach, Jp, Ezzati, M, Menvielle, G, Kunst, Ae, Rohrmann, S, Kaaks, R, Teucher, B, Boeing, H, Bergmann, Mm, Tj?nneland, A, Dalton, So, Overvad, K, Redondo, Ml, Agudo, A, Daponte, A, Arriola, L, Navarro, C, Gurrea, Ab, Khaw, Kt, Wareham, N, Key, T, Naska, A, Trichopoulou, A, Trichopoulos, D, Masala, G, Panico, Salvatore, Contiero, P, Tumino, R, Bueno de Mesquita, Hb, Siersema, Pd, Peeters, Pp, Zackrisson, S, Almquist, M, Eriksson, S, Hallmans, G, Skeie, G, Braaten, T, Lund, E, Illner, Ak, Mouw, T, Riboli, E, Vineis, P., Public Health, Epidemiology, and Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Nguyen Thi Hong Tham, Dennis E.K. Tan, Rick Twee-Hee Ong, Tran Nguyen Bich Chau, Mai Ngoc Lanh, Ta Van Tram, Hoang Truong Long, Jeremy Farrar, Bridget Wills, Nguyen Minh Tuan, Nguyen Minh Nguyet, Tran Thi Gan, Nguyen Thi Nguyet Binh, Tran Thi Nhu Thuy, Sarah J. Dunstan, Martin L. Hibberd, Cameron P. Simmons, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen Trong Hieu, Sonia Davila, Junxiong Pang, Yik Ying Teo, Le Bich Lien, Le Trung Tri, Anavaj Sakuntabhai, Chiea Chuen Khor, National University of Singapore (NUS), Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine [Oxford], University of Oxford, Tien Giang Hospital, Sa Dec Hospital, Children's Hospital No.1 [Ho Chi Minh City], Dong Thap Hospital, Hung Vuong Hospital, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Children's Hospital No. 2 [Ho Chi Minh City], Génétique de la Réponse aux Infections chez l'Homme, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Mahidol University [Bangkok], This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom (grant 088791/A/09/Z and 084368/Z/07/Z), and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore., University of Oxford [Oxford], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Amalia Mattiello, Marianne Uhre Jakobsen, Noémie Travier, Dora Romaguera, Rosario Tumino, Jakob Linseisen, Kim Overvad, Giovanna Masala, Rudolf Kaaks, Aurelio Barricarte, Petra H.M. Peeters, Sabina Rinaldi, Silke Hermann, Petra G. Van Boeckel, Jytte Halkjær, Miren Dorronsoro, Bethany Van Guelpen, Esther Molina, Ingegerd Johansson, Francesca L. Crowe, Anne M. May, Paolo Vineis, Anton E. Kunst, Nadia Slimani, Claudia Agnoli, Signe Borgquist, Philippos Orfanos, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Traci Mouw, Antonia Trichopoulou, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Elio Riboli, Teresa Norat, Manuela M. Bergmann, Kay-Tee Khaw, Tonje Braaten, Androniki Naska, Laudina Rodríguez, Sabine Rohrmann, Hervé Besson, Guy Fagherazzi, Annika Steffen, Anne Tjønneland, María José Tormo, Jonas Manjer, Nicholas J. Wareham, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Social and Preventive Medicine Institute, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Medical Research Council, Institute of Metabolic Science-Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Imperial College London, Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Environment and Cancer, Epidemiology Service, Murcia Health Council, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Murcia Medical School, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Andalusian School of Public Health [Granada], Public Health Department of Gipuzkoa, Public Health Institute of Navarra, Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, Department of Oncology-Civile - M.P.Arezzo Hospital, Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), ISI Foundation Institute for Scientific Interchange, Environmental Epidemiology, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School [Athens], Hellenic Health Foundation, Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DifE), Leibniz Association, Department of Medical Biosciences and Pathology, Umeå University, Department of Odontology, Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Department of Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø (UiT), Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention (E3N), Epidémiologie, sciences sociales, santé publique (IFR 69), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), The work was further financially supported by the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993-2004, Research Directorate-General 2005-.', Ligue contre le Cancer, Societé 3M, Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Danish Cancer Society (Denmark), Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, The participating regional governments and institutions (Spain), Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, Stroke Association, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, Food Standards Agency, the Wellcome Trust (United Kingdom), Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Hellenic Health Foundation and Stavros Niarchos Foundation (Greece), Italian Association for Research on Cancer, National Research Council (Italy), Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Ministry of Health, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) (the Netherlands), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skane (Sweden), Norwegian Cancer Society (Norway)., BMC, Ed., University of Zurich, Rohrmann, S, University of Oxford [Oxford], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, [Hermann,S, Rohrmann,S, Linseisen,J, Kaaks,R] German Canc Res Ctr, Div Canc Epidemiol, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. [Linseisen,J] Helmholtz Ctr Munich, Inst Epidemiol, Neuherberg, Germany. [May,AM., Besson,H, Peeters,PH.M.] Univ Med Ctr Utrecht, Julius Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands. [May,AM., van Boeckel,PG.A., Bueno-de-Mesquita,H.B] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Kunst,A] Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Besson,H, Wareham,NJ.] MRC, Inst Metab Sci, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England. [Romaguera,D, Mouw,T, Norat,T, Riboli,E] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London, England. [Travier,N] IDIBELL, Catalan Inst Oncol, Unit Nutr Environm & Canc, Barcelona, Spain. [Tormo,MJ] Murcia Hlth Council, Epidemiol Serv, Murcia, Spain. [Tormo,MJ] Murcia Med Sch, Prevent Med & Publ Hlth Unit, Murcia, Spain. [Molina,E] Andalusian Sch Publ Hlth, Granada, Spain. [Dorronsoro,M] Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain. [Barricarte,A] Publ Hlth Inst Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Rodriguez,L] Hlth & Hlth Care Serv Council, Publ Hlth & Participat Directorate, Asturias, Spain. [Crowe,FL.] Univ Oxford, Canc Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. [Khaw,K-T] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. [Overvad,K] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Aalborg Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Aalborg, Denmark. [Overvad,K, Jakobsen,MU] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Aalborg, Denmark. [Tjonneland,A, Halkjaer,J] Danish Canc Soc, Inst Canc Epidemiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Agnoli,C] Fdn IRCCS Ist Nazl Tumori, Nutr Epidemiol Unit, Milan, Italy. [Mattiello,A] Univ Naples Federico 2, Dept Clin & Expt Med, Naples, Italy. [Tumino,R] Civile MP Arezzo Hosp, Dept Oncol, Canc Registry & Histopathol Unit, Ragusa, Italy. [Masala,G] Canc Res & Prevent Inst ISPO, Mol & Nutr Epidemiol Unit, Florence, Italy. [Vineis,P] ISI Fdn, Turin, Italy. [Naska,A, Orfanos,P, Trichopoulou,A] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Athens, Greece. [Bergmann,MM., Steffen,A] German Inst Human Nutr Potsdam Rehbrucke, Nuthetal, Germany. [Van Guelpen,B] Umea Univ, Dept Med Biosci, Umea, Sweden. [Johansson,I] Umea Univ, Dept Odontol, Umea, Sweden. [Borgquist,S] Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Oncol, Lund, Sweden. [Manjer,J] Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Malmo, Sweden. [Braaten,T] Univ Tromso, Inst Community Med, Tromso, Norway. [Fagherazzi,G, Clavel-Chapelon,F] Paris S Univ, Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. [Fagherazzi,G, Clavel-Chapelon,F] INSERM, ERI20, Villejuif, France. [Besson,H, Rinaldi,S, Slimani,N] Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France. [Rohrmann,S] Univ Zurich, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Zurich, Switzerland, European Commission: Grant no DG Sanco, project number: 2005328. The work was further financially supported by the European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate 1993-2004, Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Faculteit der Geneeskunde, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, and Public and occupational health