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2. Whartonia Ewing 1944

Author

Bassini-Silva, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Welbourn, C., Ochoa, R., Brescovit, A. D., Barros-Battesti, D. M., and Jacinavicius, F. C.

Subjects
Arthropoda, Leeuwenhoekiidae, Arachnida, Animalia, Trombidiformes, Biodiversity, Whartonia, Taxonomy
Abstract

Genus Whartonia Ewing, 1944 Type species Hannemania nudosetosa Wharton, 1938, Published as part of Bassini-Silva, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Welbourn, C., Ochoa, R., Brescovit, A. D., Barros-Battesti, D. M. & Jacinavicius, F. C., 2022, A new genus and two new species of chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Leeuwenhoekiidae) from Brazilian caves with notes about the genus Whartonia Ewing, 1944, pp. 1297-1313 in Journal of Natural History 56 (29 - 32) on page 1305, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2118087, http://zenodo.org/record/7156386, {"references":["Wharton GW. 1938. Acarina of Yucatan caves. Carnegie Instit Wash. 491: 137 - 152."]}

Published
2022
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3. Whartonia parauapebensis Bassini-Silva and Jacinavicius 2022, sp. nov

Author

Bassini-Silva, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Welbourn, C., Ochoa, R., Brescovit, A. D., Barros-Battesti, D. M., and Jacinavicius, F. C.

Subjects
Arthropoda, Leeuwenhoekiidae, Arachnida, Whartonia parauapebensis, Animalia, Trombidiformes, Biodiversity, Whartonia, Taxonomy
Abstract

Whartonia parauapebensis Bassini-Silva and Jacinavicius sp. nov. (Figures 6–10; Tables 1–4) Diagnosis. Palpfemur and palpgenu each with single branched seta (Figure 6 (a)); dorsal and ventral setae branched and lateral setae nude on the palptibia (Figure 6 (a,b)); adoral (cs) setae branched (Figure 6 (a)); odontus multifurcate with the apex dividing into five or six prongs, plus two other larger supplementary prongs in the middle of the odontus (Figures 6 (a,b), 10(f)); nude flagelliform trichobothria (si) (Figures 7, 10 (d)); C and D rows with 12 irregularly placed setae each (Figure 8 (a)); E row with eight setae (Figure 8 (a)); F row with six setae (Figure 8 (a)); H row with four setae (Figure 8 (a)); total opisthosomal setae 42 including 48 to 50 ventral setae (Figure 8 (a,b)); base of famulus (ε) on Ta I and II proximal to solenidion (ω) (Figure 9 (a,b)). Description. Larva (holotype and one paratype). Gnathosoma – fPp = B/B/BNB/7Bωζ; odontus multifurcate with the apex dividing into five or six prongs, plus two other larger supplementary prongs in the middle of the odontus (Figure 10 (f)); cheliceral blade with ventral row of large blunt teeth and dorso-lateral row of small pointed teeth bordering the apical cap (more than 15 teeth each side); gnathobase punctate, subcapitular (bs) and adoral (cs) setae branched (Figure 6 (a,b)). Idiosoma – eyes present, 2/2, set in ocular plate, anterior lens larger; rectangular prodorsal sclerite sparsely punctate, punctuation mostly concentrated in the lateral regions (Figures 7, 10 (d)), anterior margin slightly sinuous with anterolateral shoulders, lateral margins slightly concave and posterior margin biconvex; with pair of nude flagelliform trichobothria (si), and six normal, branched setae [pair of ve (= AL) setae, pair of se (= PL) setae, and pair of vi (= AM) setae]; si > vi > se > ve; tracheae and stigma absent. Opisthosoma (Figure 8 (a,b)) with a total of 90 to 92 setae entire covered with setules, dorsal opisthosoma (Figure 10 (e)) with 42 setae, C and D rows with 12 irregularly placed setae, E row with eight setae, F row with six setae and H row with four setae, and 48 to 50 ventral opisthosomal setae (17 setae anterior to the anus and 31 to 33 posterior setae). One pair of sternal setae (3a) between coxal fields III. Legs – femur of legs I–III entire (not divided into basifemur and telofemur), each leg terminates in a pair of claws and claw-like empodium without onychotriches, coxal fields punctate; Leg I – coxal field setae 1a and 1b branched (2B); trochanter 1B; femur 6B; genu 4B, 2 σ and a long Κ; tibia 8B, 2 φ and a long Κ; tarsus 37B to 38B with ω, ε, dorsal eupathidium (ζ’) and subterminal eupathidium (ζ), base of famulus (ε) proximal to solenidion (ω) (Figure 9 (a)). Leg II – coxal field seta 2b (1B); trochanter 1B; femur 5B; genu 4B, σ and a long Κ; tibia 6B, 2 φ; tarsus 28B with ω, ε and a subterminal eupathidium (ζ), base of ε proximal to ω (Figure 9 (b)). Leg III – coxal field setae 3b and 3c (2B); trochanter 1B; femur 4B; genu 4B, σ, tibia 6B, φ; tarsus 26B to 28B with ω (Figure 9 (c)). Type material Holotype. Larva, Cave N 3-047, Parauapebas, Pará State, Brazil, (6.040°S, 50.227°W); 3–17 April 2013; on the cave soil; F. V. Freitas et al. coll.; deposited as IBSP14143. Paratype. One larva, same locality and date; deposited as IBSP14151. Etymology. The specific name ‘parauapebensis’ is in honour of the type locality – Parauapebas Municipality. Differential diagnosis. Whartonia parauapebensis sp. nov. is similar to Whartonia nudosetosa (Wharton, 1938) and Whartonia pachywhartoni Vercammen-Grandjean, 1966, as they share the following characteristics – absence of companion seta (z) on Ta I; Cx III bisetose; and presence of ω on Ta III. However, the new species differs from the other two species by having the following characters: lateral palptibial seta nude (Figure 6 (a)); and the odontus with two larger supplementary prongs in the middle (Figure 6 (a)). Furthermore, the new species has two pair of eyes set in ocular plates, while W. nudosetosa does not have an ocular plate. Also, Whartonia parauapebensis sp. nov. has fewer opisthosomal setae than W. pachywhartoni (90 to 92 setae vs 148 setae). The comparisons were made based on the original descriptions (Wharton 1938; Vercammen-Grandjean 1966) and redescriptions based on the types (Brennan and Dalmat 1960; Reed and Brennan 1975)., Published as part of Bassini-Silva, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Welbourn, C., Ochoa, R., Brescovit, A. D., Barros-Battesti, D. M. & Jacinavicius, F. C., 2022, A new genus and two new species of chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Leeuwenhoekiidae) from Brazilian caves with notes about the genus Whartonia Ewing, 1944, pp. 1297-1313 in Journal of Natural History 56 (29 - 32) on pages 1305-1309, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2118087, http://zenodo.org/record/7156386, {"references":["Wharton GW. 1938. Acarina of Yucatan caves. Carnegie Instit Wash. 491: 137 - 152.","Vercammen-Grandjean PH. 1966. Whartonia pachywhartoni n. sp., an extraordinary parasite of a Brazilian bat. (Leeuwenhoekiidae - Acarina). Acarologia. 8 (2): 282 - 284.","Brennan JM, Dalmat HC. 1960. Chiggers of Guatemala (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am. 53 (2): 183 - 191. doi: 10.1093 / aesa / 53.2.183.","Reed JT, Brennan JM. 1975. The subfamily Leeuwenhoekiinae in the Neotropics (Acarina: Trombiculidae). Brigham Young Univ Sci Bull. 20: 1 - 42."]}

Published
2022
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4. Caramuruacarus Bassini-Silva and Jacinavicius 2022, gen. nov

Author

Bassini-Silva, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Welbourn, C., Ochoa, R., Brescovit, A. D., Barros-Battesti, D. M., and Jacinavicius, F. C.

Subjects
Arthropoda, Leeuwenhoekiidae, Arachnida, Animalia, Trombidiformes, Biodiversity, Caramuruacarus, Taxonomy
Abstract

Caramuruacarus Bassini-Silva and Jacinavicius gen. nov. Type species. Caramuruacarus carnavalesca Bassini-Silva and Jacinavicius sp. nov. Diagnosis. Larva. Palptarsus with five-branched setae and solenidion (ω) (Figure 2 (a,b)); odontus tetrafurcate (Figure 2 (a)); cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap and the dorsal side with row of teeth (Figure 2 (a)); eyes present, 2/2 (Figure 3); tracheae and stigma absent; prodorsal sclerite with nasus (Figures 3, 10 (a)); pair of flagelliform trichobothria (si) (Figure 3); se setae on prodorsal sclerite (Figures 3, 10 (a)); Fe legs I–III each entire (Figure 5); Cx I bisetose (Figure 5 (a)); Cx II and III each unisetose (Figure 5 (b,c)); pretarsus legs I–III each with claws and claw-like empodium without onychotriches (Figure 5); Ge I with two solenidia (σ) (Figure 5 (a)); Ge II with one solenidion (σ) (Figure 5 (b)); Ge III without solenidia (Figure 5 (c)); Ta I and II each with subterminal eupathidium (ζ) (Figure 5 (a,b)). Deutonymph and adult are unknown. Abbreviations: AW = distance between the bases of the ve setae; PW = distance between the bases of the se setae; SB = distance between the trichobothria (si) bases; ASB = distance from trichobothria (si) bases to extreme anterior margin of the prodorsal sclerite; PSB = distance from trichobothria (si) bases to extreme posterior margin of the prodorsal sclerite; SD = ASB + PSB; AP = distance between the bases of ve and se; ve = external vertical setae; se = external scapular setae; vi = internal vertical setae; si = internal scapular setae (trichobothria); 1a = anterior sternal setae inside the coxal field I; 3a = posterior sternal setae; DMIN = minimum length of dorsal opisthosomal setae; DMAX = maximum length of dorsal opisthosomal setae; VMIN = minimum length of ventral idiosomal setae; VMAX = maximum length of ventral idiosomal setae. Abbreviations: Cx I = length of coxal field I; Tr I = length of trochanter leg I; Fe I = length of femur leg I; Ge I = length of genu leg I; Ti I = length of tibia leg I; Ta I (L) = length of tarsus leg I; Ta I (W) = width of tarsus leg I; Cx II = length of coxal field II; Tr II = length of trochanter leg II; Fe II = length of femur leg II; Ge II = length of genu leg II; Ti II = length of tibia leg II; Ta II (L) = length of tarsus leg II; Ta II (W) = width of tarsus leg II. Abbreviations: Cx III = length of coxal field III; Tr III = length of trochanter leg III; Fe III = length of femur leg III; Ge III = length of genu leg III; Ti III = length of tibia leg III; Ta III (L) = length of tarsus leg III; Ta III (W) = width of tarsus leg III. Abbreviations: I = σ I, σ II, σ III = length of the solenidia on Genu I–III; Κ I, Κ II = length of microseta on Genu I, Tibia I and Genu II; φ’ I, φ” I = length of the solenidia on Tibia I; ω I = length of solenidion on Tarsus I; Ε I = length of famulus on Tarsus I; ζ’ I = length of dorsal eupathidium on Tarsus I; ζ I = length of subterminal eupathidium on Tarsus I; φ’ II, φ” II = length of the solenidia on Tibia II; ω II = length of solenidion on Tarsus II; Ε II = length of famulus on Tarsus II; ζ II = length of subterminal eupathidium on Tarsus II; φ III = length of the solenidia on Tibia III; ω III = length of solenidion on Tarsus III. Etymology. The new genus is named in honour of the epic poem ‘Caramuru’ that exalts Brazilian lands, combined with the word ‘acarus’, which means ‘mite’ in Latin. Gender masculine. Differential diagnosis. Caramuruacarus Bassini-Silva and Jacinavicius gen. nov. is similar to Akodonacarus Goff and Webb, 1989, Hannemania Oudemans, 1911, Leeuwenhoekia Oudemans, 1911, Mastalacarus Goff and Lukoschus, 1983, Morelacarus VercammenGrandjean, 1973 and Xenodontacarus Loomis and Goff, 1973 in having five-branched setae on the palptarsus. The new genus differs from Akodonacarus, Hannemania, Leeuwenhoekia, Morelacarus and Xenodontacarus by having only one side of the cheliceral blade with a row of teeth (Figure 1 (a)), and four-pronged odontus (Figure 2 (a)), while the other genera mentioned above differ by having dorsal and ventral rows of teeth and two or three prongs on the odontus. Furthermore, Caramuruacarus Bassini-Silva and Jacinavicius gen. nov. differs from Akodonacarus by the absence of dorsal eupathidium on Ta I and σ on Ge III – Figure 5 (a,b) (vs present); from Hannemania by having two σ on Ge I – Figure 5 (a) (vs multiples) and absence of σ on Ge III – Figure 5 (c) (vs multiples); from Leeuwenhoekia by the absence of the ζ on the palptarsus – Figure 2 (b) (vs present); from Mastalacarus by having two σ on Ge I – Figure 5 (a) (vs one σ), and the absence of σ on Ge III – Figure 5 (c) (vs present); from Morelacarus by having two σ on Ge I – Figure 5 (a) (vs one σ), and the presence of σ on Ge II – Figure 5 (b) (vs absent); and from Xenodontacarus by having the σ on Ge II – Figure 4 (b) (vs absent) and claws and claw-like empodium without onychotriches – Figure 5 (vs with onychotriches)., Published as part of Bassini-Silva, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Welbourn, C., Ochoa, R., Brescovit, A. D., Barros-Battesti, D. M. & Jacinavicius, F. C., 2022, A new genus and two new species of chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Leeuwenhoekiidae) from Brazilian caves with notes about the genus Whartonia Ewing, 1944, pp. 1297-1313 in Journal of Natural History 56 (29 - 32) on pages 1299-1301, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2118087, http://zenodo.org/record/7156386

Published
2022
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5. Caramuruacarus carnavalesca Bassini-Silva and Jacinavicius 2022, sp. nov

Author

Bassini-Silva, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Welbourn, C., Ochoa, R., Brescovit, A. D., Barros-Battesti, D. M., and Jacinavicius, F. C.

Subjects
Arthropoda, Leeuwenhoekiidae, Arachnida, Animalia, Trombidiformes, Biodiversity, Caramuruacarus, Caramuruacarus carnavalesca, Taxonomy
Abstract

Caramuruacarus carnavalesca Bassini-Silva and Jacinavicius sp. nov. (Figures 2–5 and 10; Tables 1–4) Description. Larva (holotype). Gnathosoma – fPp = B/B/BNB/5Bω; odontus tetrafurcate; cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap and the ventral side with ventral row of large blunt of 8 to 10 teeth; gnathobase punctate, subcapitular (bs) and adoral (cs) setae branched (Figure 2 (a,b)). Idiosoma – eyes present, 2/2, set in ocular plate, anterior lens larger; prodorsal sclerite with sparse punctations (Figures 3, 10 (a)), anterior margin slightly sinuous with nasus, lateral and posterior margins concave; with pair of nude flagelliform trichobothria (si), and four slightly expanded setae [pair of ve (= AL) setae and pair of vi (= AM) setae] plus a pair of expanded and leaflike se (= PL) setae, with long and triangular setules; se > si > vi ≥ ve; tracheae and stigma absent; opisthosoma (Figure 4 (a,b)) with a total of 91 setae, dorsal opisthosoma with 46 setae, C row with 16 setae, D and E rows with eight setae each, F row with six setae and H row with eight setae irregularly placed, and 45 ventral opisthosomal setae (22 setae anterior to the anus and 23 posterior setae). Dorsal and lateral ventral opisthosomal setae expanded and modified, leaflike, like se setae (Figure 10 (b,c)); One pair of sternal setae (3a) between coxal fields III. Legs – femur of legs I–III not divided into basifemur and telofemur, each leg terminates with pair of claws and claw-like empodium without onychotriches, coxal fields punctate; Leg I – coxal field setae 1a and 1b branched (2B); trochanter 1B; femur 6B; genu 4B, 2 σ and Κ; tibia 8B, 2 φ and Κ; tarsus 23B with ω, ε, and subterminal eupathidium (ζ), base of famulus (ε) distal to solenidion (ω) (Figure 5 (a)). Leg II – coxal field seta 2b (1B); trochanter 1B; femur 5B; genu 4B, σ and Κ; tibia 6B, 2 φ; tarsus 16B with ω, ε and subterminal eupathidium (ζ), base of ε proximal to ω (Figure 5 (b)). Leg III – coxal field seta 3b (1B) in distal position; trochanter 1B; femur 4B; genu 4B, tibia 6B, φ; tarsus 15B (Figure 5 (c)). Type material Holotype. Larva, Cave CH-25, Santa Rita de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, (20.552° S, 43.514°W); 28–30 April 2009; on the soil; F. Pellegatti et al. coll.; deposited as IBSP 15693. Etymology. The specific name ‘carnavalesca’ (adjective related to Carnaval) refers to the extravagance of the dorsal opisthosomal setae, se setae and some ventral setae that recall the costumes of the Carnaval – a traditional Brazilian festival., Published as part of Bassini-Silva, R., Zampaulo, R. A., Welbourn, C., Ochoa, R., Brescovit, A. D., Barros-Battesti, D. M. & Jacinavicius, F. C., 2022, A new genus and two new species of chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Leeuwenhoekiidae) from Brazilian caves with notes about the genus Whartonia Ewing, 1944, pp. 1297-1313 in Journal of Natural History 56 (29 - 32) on pages 1302-1304, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2118087, http://zenodo.org/record/7156386

Published
2022
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10. Hand Washing

Author

Weeks, Andrew, Sen, Rachel, Keaney, Maeve, Trail, Ann, Howard, Carol, Chadwick, Paul, Kesavan, S., Welbourn, C. Richard B., Jones, Steve M., Hateley, Paul M., Jurnaa, P. A., MacDermott, Robert, Varghese, D., Patel, H., and Katme, A. Majid

Published
1999

28. Within-Plant. Distribution and Diversity of Mites Associated, with the Invasive Plant Schinus terebinthifolius (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) in Florida.

Author

Wiggers, M. S., Pratt, P. D., Tipping, P. W., Welbourn, C., and Cuda, J. P.

Subjects
BRAZILIAN pepper tree, INVASIVE plants, ARTHROPOD surveys, PLANT invasions, MITES
Abstract

The exotic Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, is an invasive plant that readily displaces native vegetation and develops monospecific stands in central and south Florida's native ecosystems. Despite prior arthropod surveys of S. terebinthifolius in its adventive range, little is known concerning the acarofauna associated with the weed in Florida. Leaves of S. terebinthifolius also vary in the presence and development of domatia, which are small morphological structures that may benefit mites. We assessed the development of new mite associations with S. terebinthifolius in Florida and quantified within-plant distribution of these arthropods. Mites inhabited over one-third of the sampled leaves with greatest species diversity in the Prostigmata, followed by Mesostigmata, Astigmata, and Cryptostigmata, respectively. Fungivorous mites (dominated by Lorryia formosa) were the most common feeding guild, predatory mites were the most diverse, and herbivorous mites were rarely encountered during the survey. Interior leaves supported greater populations of mites than exterior leaves, whereas height of leaves in the canopy did not affect mite distributions. Foliar domatia varied in development and occurred on nearly two-thirds of the leaves sampled. More than three-quarters of all mites collected were found on domatia-bearing leaves, which supported three times more mites per leaf than leaves without domatia. Mite densities increased concomitantly with the number of domatia, while domatia development only affected tydeids and number of leaves had no effect. The potential influence of domatia-mediated, tritrophic interactions among existing predators and a potential biological control agent of S. terebinthifolius are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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33. E.P.R. studies of type IIa diamond, electron irradiated at liquid-nitrogen temperature

Author

Lomer, Jenifer and Welbourn, C. M.

Abstract

A natural type IIa diamond has been irradiated with 2 MeV electrons to a dose of 4 × 1013 electrons cm-2 at approximately 80 K. The E.P.R. spectrum measured immediately after irradiation showed the W-6 system and some unanalysed structure. It was unchanged by pulse annealing to room temperature, indicating that it is unlikely that a defect is mobile in this temperature range. However, measurements of the temperature dependence of the spectrum showed that W-6 is homogeneously broadened and unobservable by room temperature. The R-3 system was seen at 100 K, and its intensity increased with temperature. It is deduced that the R-3 system arises from an excited state. Tentative models for these defects are discussed in terms of interstitial-impurity complexes.

Published
1978
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34. The genus Perissopalla Brennan and White, 1960 (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) in Brazil: Redescriptions, new localities, and host records with the first molecular data for the genus.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Almeida BR, Jacinavicius FC, Lourenço EC, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Famadas KM, and Barros-Battesti DM

Subjects
Animals, Brazil epidemiology, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, Trombiculidae genetics
Abstract

The genus Perissopalla Brennan and White (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) is currently represented by ten species with three from Brazil: Perissopalla barticonycteris Brennan, Perissopalla ipeani Brennan, and Perissopalla tanycera Brennan. In the present study, these three species are redescribed and illustrated based on the types and additional non-type specimens. New host and locality records for P. ipeani and P. tanycera are included. Additionally, a partial sequence for the 18S rRNA gene for P. ipeani was provided., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2024
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35. A new species of Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938 (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) from the Galápagos Islands, with a checklist of Ecuadorian chiggers.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Barros-Battesti DM, and de Castro Jacinavicius F

Subjects
Animals, Ecuador, Checklist, Species Specificity, Trombiculidae, Mite Infestations
Abstract

Few studies have been carried out on the Ecuadorian chigger fauna. In this study, we are describing a new species of Eutrombicula from the Galápagos Islands. Also, we provide an updated checklist of Ecuadorian and Galápagos Islands chiggers, including a new host association and locality record for Eutrombicula nerudai Stekolnikov and González-Acuña., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Published
2023
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36. Bacterial pathogens' screening in Brazilian chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae), with the first report of 'Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi'-like in avian-associated chiggers.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, de Castro Jacinavicius F, Muñoz-Leal S, Maturano R, Takatsu JC, Tolesano-Pascoli GV, Alquezar RD, Lugarini C, Ferreira A, Moreira-Lima L, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Hingst-Zaher E, André MR, Labruna MB, and Barros-Battesti DM

Subjects
Animals, Brazil, Birds, Trombiculidae anatomy & histology, Trombiculidae microbiology, Mite Infestations parasitology, Mite Infestations veterinary, Rickettsia genetics
Abstract

Chiggers are larval ectoparasites of the Trombiculidae that can transmit pathogens to their hosts. In this study, chiggers collected from birds in Brazil were morphologically identified as Blankaartia sinnamaryi, Eutrombicula batatas, Eutrombicula daemoni, Eutrombicula goeldii, Eutrombicula tinami, and Parasecia gilbertoi. For these specimens, a beginning attempt at molecular identification were also provided, as well as, were genetically screened to detect bacterial pathogens. The species B. sinnamaryi and E. tinami were positive for Rickettsia felis-like and 'Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi'-like, respectively. For the other agents (Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia spp. and Orientia tsutsugamushi), the tests were negative. This is the first report of 'Ca. R. colombianensi'-like and the second record of R. felis-like in chigger collected on birds from Brazil., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2023
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37. Description of Goffacarus n. gen., to Reallocate the Species Euschoengastia latchmani Brennan and Yunker and Euschoengastia obscura Wrenn and Loomis (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae).

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Huang-Bastos M, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Barros-Battesti DM, and Jacinavicius FC

Subjects
Animals, Microscopy, Trombiculidae
Abstract

Purpose: Euschoengastia Ewing is a chigger genus in need of revision as it historically has combined species solely on the presence of expanded prodorsal trichobothria. The objective of the present study is to describe a new genus to reallocate two North American Euschoengastia species, to start an organization into this genus., Methods: In this study, we provide drawings, measurements and microscopy images on a Microscope Zeiss for the two redescribed species., Results: After examining the types of the species Euschoengastia latchmani Brennan and Yunker and Euschoengastia obscura Wrenn and Loomis, we realized that it was necessary to create the new genus to relocate these two species, mainly based on the following characters: (1) the number of prongs on the odontus; and (2) ornamentation of the prodorsal sclerite., Conclusion: Goffacarus latchmani n. comb. and Goffacarus obscura n. comb. are redescribed here and to reallocate these two species the genus, Goffacarus n. gen. is proposed., (© 2021. Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences.)

Published
2021
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38. A New Species of Elianella Vercammen-Grandjean (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) from the Insular Equatorial Guinea with a Key to the Species into this Genus.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Huang-Bastos M, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Barros-Battesti DM, and de Castro Jacinavicius F

Subjects
Animals, Equatorial Guinea, Eutheria, Shrews, Mite Infestations, Trombiculidae
Abstract

Purpose: The African continent has 452 chiggers (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) in 61 genera. One of these, Elianella Vercammen-Grandjean, 1956, has only two species known for Africa. The objective of the present study is to describe a new species for Equatorial Guinea, with the aim of increasing knowledge so scarce for Africa., Methods: In this study, we provide drawings, measurements and microscopy images on a Microscope Zeiss for the new species described below. Also, this type of the new species is deposited in the USNM., Results: We describe a new species of Elianella collected parasitizing the Bioko Forest Shrew, Sylvisorex isabellae Heim de Balsac (Eulipotyphla: Soricidae) from the insular Equatorial Guinea. Also, we are providing a key for the three species of Elianella., Conclusion: Finally, we are contributing to the knowledge of African species, due the fact this new species is the first chigger recorded to the Equatorial Guinea, on the west coast of Central Africa., (© 2021. Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences.)

Published
2021
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39. A New Genus of Chiggers (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) from Bats in Jamaica.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Huang-Bastos M, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Barros-Battesti DM, and Jacinavicius FC

Subjects
Animals, Jamaica, Chiroptera, Mite Infestations, Trombiculidae
Abstract

Background: The Caribbean country Jamaica has only seven reported chigger species. Of these, one was recorded from bats., Methods: For the specimens examined in this study were provided drawings, measurements, and microscopy images on a Microscope Zeiss. This material is deposited in the Smithsonian National Chigger Collection., Results: In the present study, we describe a new genus and species parasitizing the Antillean ghost-faced bat in Jamaica. This new genus can be separated from all other genera of this family for the following combination of features: (1) palptarsus with four branched and three nude setae; (2) 3-pronged odontus; (3) femur I divided into basifemur and telofemur; and (4) 3 σ on genu I., Conclusion: The description of this new genus contributes to the increase in the knowledge of chiggers that parasites bats in Jamaica. Also, this is only the second record of a chigger parasitizing this host in this country., (© 2021. Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences.)

Published
2021
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40. Contribution to the Taxonomy and Host-Relations of the Genus Serratacarus (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae).

Author

Jacinavicius FC, Huang-Bastos M, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Barros-Battesti DM, and Bassini-Silva R

Subjects
Animals, Brazil, Host-Parasite Interactions, Opossums parasitology, Trombiculidae anatomy & histology, Trombiculidae classification
Abstract

The genus SerratacarusGoff and Whitaker 1984, currently includes only two species, Serratacarus dietzi Goff and Whitaker, 1994 and Serratacarus lasiurus Goff and Whitaker, 1994, which were recorded on cricetid rodents from natural reserve areas of Brazil. Here, we provide a review of the morphological characters for both species and synonymize of the species Trombewingia brasiliensisGoff and Gettinger, 1991 with S. lasiurus. Additionally, we provide new locality records for both species and the first record for S. dietzi on southeastern four-eyed opossum, Philander frenatus Olfers, 1818 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America.All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2021
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41. Two New Species of Chiggers (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) From Brazil.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Welbourn C, and Ochoa R

Subjects
Animals, Arvicolinae parasitology, Brazil, Monodelphis parasitology, Trombiculidae anatomy & histology, Trombiculidae classification
Abstract

Chigger mites are parasites of terrestrial vertebrates, including humans. Here, we describe two new species belonging to the American genera Colicus Brennan and Parasecia Loomis. Both species were described on the base of museum specimens originated from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, Colicus barrosbattestiae n. sp. parasitizing the rodent, Oligoryzomys fornesi and Parasecia jacinaviciusi n. sp. parasitizing the marsupial, Monodelphis domestica., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2021
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42. First record of Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch & Fauran, 1956) (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) parasitizing the striped owl in Northeastern Brazil.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Jacinavicius FC, Huang-Bastos M, Batista AIV, Silva NCSD, Nery TFL, Pereira JS, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, and Barros-Battesti DM

Subjects
Animals, Brazil, Strigiformes, Trombiculidae
Abstract

The chigger species Blankaartia sinnamaryi (Floch & Fauran) has been collected mainly from birds with a few records from reptiles and mammals. In Brazil, this species has been found on birds in the Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states. Here, we report the first record of B. sinnamaryi parasitizing the striped owl, Pseudoscops clamator (Vieillot), in the Paraíba state, Brazil (northeastern region).

Published
2021
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43. A New Genus and Species of Chiggers (Trombidiformes: Leeuwenhoekiidae) From Peru.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Huang-Bastos M, OConnor BM, Klimov P, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Barros-Battesti DM, and de Castro Jacinavicius F

Subjects
Animals, Larva anatomy & histology, Larva classification, Larva growth & development, Peru, Trombiculidae anatomy & histology, Trombiculidae growth & development, Host-Parasite Interactions, Sigmodontinae parasitology, Trombiculidae classification
Abstract

South American chiggers have historically been poorly studied, and this has continued into present times. Of the 33 genera in the family Leeuwenhoekiidae Womersley, only Odontacarus Ewing and Sasacarus Brennan & Jones have been reported in Peru. Here, we describe a new genus, Peruacarus n. gen., and a new species, Peruacarus anthurium n. sp., parasitizing Koford's grass mouse, Akodon kofordi Myers & Patton, in Peru., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2021
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44. Redescription of Brennanacarus annereauxi (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) With New Records for Uruguay.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Huang-Bastos M, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Barros-Battesti DM, and de Castro Jacinavicius F

Subjects
Animals, Larva anatomy & histology, Larva classification, Mites anatomy & histology, Uruguay, Animal Distribution, Mites classification
Abstract

Brennanacarus annereauxi (Brennan and Yunker, 1969) was described from Venezuela parasitizing the greater spear-nosed bat. The monotypic genus Brennanacarus Goff, Yunker and Wheeler, 1987 is a replacement name for Nasicola Brennan and Yunker, 1969, which was preoccupied by Nasicola Yamaguti, 1968. Here, we redescribe the genus Brennanacarus and the type species B. annereauxi. Also, this is the first record of this species, as well as the second record of any chigger, for Uruguay., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2021
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45. A Revision of Parasecia (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) With a Description of a New Species, a New Genus and a Key to Species.

Author

Bassini-Silva R, Jacinavicius FC, Oliveira M, Peinado LC, Faxina C, Moreira-Lima L, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Fischer E, Hingst-Zaher E, Famadas KM, Faccini JLH, and Barros-Battesti DM

Subjects
Animals, Classification, Ectoparasitic Infestations veterinary, Mite Infestations veterinary, Trombiculidae classification
Abstract

Chiggers of the genus Parasecia Loomis parasitize birds, mammals, and reptiles in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. In the present review, we examined 18 species previously included in the genus, 15 of them being retained in the genus Parasecia, one genus is created, Nahuacarus bulbocalcarn. gen. (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae), and new combinations are proposed for two species: Lorillatum lasiurusn. comb. and Lorillatum orphanan. comb. (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae). In addition, Parasecia kansasensis (Loomis) (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) is synonymized with Parasecia gurneyi (Ewing) (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae), Parasecia gilbetoin. sp. (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) is described and new locality and host records are added for Parasecia chara (Wharton), Parasecia longicalcar (Brennan and Jones), Parasecia manueli (Brennan and Jones), and Parasecia thalurania (Brennan) (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae)., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2021
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46. Description of Leptus (Leptus) haitlingeri n. sp. (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae), parasitising horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae), and a key to the larvae of Leptus spp. in Brazil.

Author

de Castro Jacinavicius F, Bassini-Silva R, Soares JF, Virginio F, Welbourn C, and Barros-Battesti DM

Subjects
Animals, Larva, Mites anatomy & histology, Species Specificity, Diptera parasitology, Mites classification
Abstract

The genus Leptus Latreille, 1796 (Trombidiformes: Erythraeidae) is represented by more than 250 species worldwide, and the larval stages of these mites are ectoparasites of many arthropod orders. In Brazil, there are 12 species of Leptus, some of which have been reported parasitising representatives of the orders Opiliones, Araneae, Coleoptera, Heteroptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. This paper describes Leptus (Leptus) haitlingeri n. sp. collected from horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from L. (L.) adaminae Haitlinger, 2004 and L. (L.) fozicus Haitlinger, 2004 by the presence of 4 branched setae on palptarsus (vs 2 branched setae). A key to the larvae of Leptus spp. in Brazil is provided.

Published
2019
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47. Molecular detection of Rickettsia genus in chigger mites (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) collected on small mammals in southeastern brazilian.

Author

Jacinavicius FC, Bassini-Silva R, Muñoz-Leal S, Welbourn C, Ochoa R, Labruna MB, and Barros-Battesti DM

Subjects
Animals, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Bacterial genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, Rickettsia isolation & purification, Marsupialia parasitology, Mite Infestations veterinary, Rickettsia genetics, Rodentia parasitology, Trombiculidae microbiology
Abstract

Chiggers are ectoparasites of vertebrates and may cause trombiculiasis or transmit pathogens to their hosts. Specimens collected from rodents and marsupials were morphologically identified as Herpetacarus hertigi, Eutrombicula tinami, Kymocta sp., Quadraseta brasiliensis, Quadraseta falconensis, Quadraseta flochi, Quadraseta mackenziei, Quadraseta pazca, Quadraseta trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., Serratacarus sp., and Trombewingia bakeri. These mites were submitted individually to molecular analyses for the detection of bacteria of the genus Coxiella, Hepatozoon and Rickettsia. Samples were positive to Rickettsia only. Obtained sequences for the gltA (350 pb) and ompA (488 pb) genes were identical to "Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi", a species previously detected in ticks. In addition, molecular identification of mites based on 18S rDNA sequences are provided for H. hertigi, Kymocta sp., Q. brasiliensis, Q. pazca, Q. trapezoides, Quadraseta sp., and T. bakeri for the first time. This is the first report of the detection of a Rickettsia sp. in chigger mites collected on rodents in Brazil.

Published
2019
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48. How does the length of cardiopulmonary resuscitation affect brain damage in patients surviving cardiac arrest? A systematic review.

Author

Welbourn C and Efstathiou N

Subjects
Female, Humans, Hypothermia, Induced, Male, Time Factors, Brain Injuries etiology, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Heart Arrest complications, Heart Arrest therapy
Abstract

Background: Brain injury can occur after cardiac arrest due to the effects of ischaemia and reperfusion. In serious cases this can lead to permanent disability. This risk must be considered when making decisions about terminating resuscitation. There are very specific rules for termination of resuscitation in the prehospital setting however a similar rule for resuscitation in hospital does not exist. The aim of this review was to explore the effects of duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on neurological outcome in survivors of both in-hospital and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest achieving return of spontaneous circulation in hospital., Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Five databases were searched in addition to hand searching the journals Resuscitation and Circulation and reference lists, quality of the selected studies was assessed and a narrative summary of the data presented. Studies reporting relevant outcomes were included if the participants were adults achieving return of spontaneous circulation in the hospital setting. Studies looking at additional interventions such as extracorporeal resuscitation and therapeutic hypothermia were not included. Case studies were excluded. The study period was from January 2010 to March 2016., Results: Seven cohort studies were included for review. Quality scores ranged from eight to 11 out of 12. Five of the studies found a significant association between shorter duration of resuscitation and favourable neurological outcome., Conclusions: There is generally a better neurological outcome with a shorter duration of CPR in survivors of cardiac arrest however a cut-off beyond which resuscitation is likely to lead to unfavourable outcome could not be determined and is unlikely to exist. The findings of this review could be considered by clinicians making decisions about terminating resuscitation. This review has highlighted many gaps in the knowledge where future research is needed; a validated and reliable measure of neurological outcome following cardiac arrest, more focused research on the effects of duration on neurological outcome and further research into the factors leading to brain damage in cardiac arrest.

Published
2018
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49. A checklist of chiggers from Brazil, including new records (Acari: Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae).

Author

Jacinavicius FC, Bassini-Silva R, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Pepato AR, Ochoa R, Welbourn C, and Barros-Battesti DM

Abstract

A checklist of the family Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae is presented, containing 63 species in 30 genera of chiggers from 80 different hosts and 146 localities in Brazil. The type locality and depository are provided, including new locality and host records for the country.

Published
2018
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50. Adventive eriophyoid mites: a global review of their impact, pathways, prevention and challenges.

Author

Navia D, Ochoa R, Welbourn C, and Ferragut F

Subjects
Animals, Ecosystem, Pest Control economics, Plant Diseases economics, Plant Diseases prevention & control, Mites growth & development, Pest Control methods, Plant Diseases parasitology, Plants parasitology
Abstract

Eriophyoids have high potential as adventive mite species (AMS) because their small size make them difficult to detect, and can be easily distributed in world trade. Economic, social and environmental impact from adventive eriophyoid mites has been significant. Considerable attention has been given to adventive insect species while adventive mites have received little attention and little information is available for eriophyoids. This paper summarizes information on adventive eriophyoid mites, their impact, and the history of some important invasions. The status of adventive species of eriophyoids introduced as biological control agents of weeds is presented. A list of eriophyoid mites reported as invasive species worldwide is given. Pathways of concern and biosecurity actions to reduce the risk of eriophyoid mites are discussed. The need to raise public awareness of the risk and importance of these tiny organisms as AMS is emphasized. Scientific and technical challenges to deal with adventive eriophyoids are discussed.

Published
2010
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