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This paper aims to comprehensively define village social capital, assess its multifaceted dimensions in relation to farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making, and investigate the mediating role of rural development. The research sample consists of 14,133 farmers selected through a multi-stage proportional-to-size unequal probability sampling method. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires as part of the “Chinese Thousand Village Survey” project. Empirical analysis was conducted using binary logit and basic linear regression models, supplemented by probit models and other robustness testing methods. The findings indicate that village social capital exerts a significant and favorable influence on farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making. Controlling for other variables, a unit increment in farmers’ village social network, village social participation, and village social trust is associated with a respective increase in farmers’ odds of entrepreneurial decision-making by 3.96, 5.42, and 16.28%. Village social trust emerges as the most influential factor. Additionally, rural harmony and rural economy partially mediate the relationship between village social capital and farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between village social capital and farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making, offering valuable guidance for farmers looking to leverage village social capital in their entrepreneurial endeavors. It lays a theoretical foundation for relevant entities to strengthen village social capital and cultivate a supportive environment for rural entrepreneurship. To our knowledge, this paper is among the earlier studies that investigate farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making. Besides, the relationship between village social capital and rural development is rarely studied in the literature as two determinants of farmers’ entrepreneurial decision-making.

This study aims to investigate the influence of pre-entrepreneurial career mobility frequency and job changes among returning migrant workers (RMWs) on the innovation level of enterprises, with a particular focus on the mediating role of urban social capital accumulated by RMWs. Using data from the “current entrepreneurial status of RMWs”, we applied an ordered probit model to validate our hypotheses. To address endogeneity, a recursive bivariate probit model was used, and stepwise regression combined with bootstrap methods was employed to ascertain the mediating influence of urban social capital. Our results demonstrate a significant positive correlation (P

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a debilitating infantile epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizures induced by high body temperature (hyperthermia), sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), cognitive impairment, and behavioral disturbances. The most common cause of DS is haploinsufficiency of the SCN1A gene, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1. In current mouse models of DS, the epileptic phenotype is strictly dependent on the genetic background and most mouse models exhibit drastically higher SUDEP rates than patients. Therefore, we sought to develop an alternative animal model for DS. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a Scn1a halploinsufficiency rat model of DS by disrupting the Scn1a allele. Scn1a+/− rats show reduced Scn1a expression in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and thalamus. Homozygous null rats die prematurely. Heterozygous animals are highly susceptible to heat-induced seizures, the clinical hallmark of DS, but are otherwise normal in survival, growth, and behavior without seizure induction. Hyperthermia-induced seizures activate distinct sets of neurons in the hippocampus and hypothalamus in Scn1a+/− rats. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in Scn1a+/− rats reveal characteristic ictal EEG with high amplitude bursts with significantly increased delta and theta power. After the initial hyperthermia-induced seizures, non-convulsive, and convulsive seizures occur spontaneously in Scn1a+/− rats. In conclusion, we generate a Scn1a haploinsufficiency rat model with phenotypes closely resembling DS, providing a unique platform for establishing therapies for DS.

The use of photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis is expected to achieve the efficient utilization of solar energy to alleviate and even solve the problems of energy depletion and environmental pfollution. At present, stannous tungstate materials have attracted extensive attention in the fields of photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis as favorable candidates for such utilization because of their narrow band gap energy (which is ~1.7 eV for the α phase and ~2.7 eV for the β phase, respectively) and unique band structure (which covers the oxidation and reduction potential of water). However, their practical application is still limited by excessive electron–hole recombination and poor stability. In this review, basic information (crystal and electronic structures) related to photocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis is presented. Additionally, various strategies to enhance the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties of stannous tungstate materials, such as morphological modification, crystal facet engineering, doping modification, and multicomponent compositing, are summarized. Furthermore, the achievements and difficulties of the relevant studies are discussed. The information presented in this review can provide a reference for subsequent research on the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance of tungstate-based materials.

ZnZrOx nanoparticles were prepared by MOF calcination and co-precipitation methods and used as metal oxide components of bifunctional catalysts for syngas-to-olefins (STO). The results of characterization analysis, like XRD, XPS, H2-TPR and CO-TPD, illustrated that different preparation methods apparently influenced surface chemistry properties of oxides. MOF-derived oxides possessed abundant oxygen vacancies and Zn-O-Zr local structure which were beneficial to CO activation and the formation of methanol and dimethyl ether. When combining with SAPO-34, the bifunctional catalysts containing MOF-derived ZnZrOx achieved 22.5% CO conversion and 79.7% light olefins selectivity among hydrocarbons.

Mordenite (H-MOR) catalysts were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and silver-modified mordenite (Ag-MOR) catalysts were prepared by ion exchange with AgNO3 at different concentrations. The performance of these catalysts in the carbonylation of dimethyl ether (DME) to methyl acetate (MA) was also evaluated. The catalysts were characterized by Ar adsorption/desorption, XRD, ICP-AES, SEM, HRTEM, 27Al NMR, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, Py-IR, and CO-TPD. According to the characterization results, Ag ion exchange sites were mainly located in the 8-membered ring (8-MR) channels of Ag-MOR; evenly dispersed Ag2O particles were also present. The acid site distribution was changed by the modification of Ag, and the amount of Brønsted acid sites increased in 8-MR and decreased in 12-MR. The CO adsorption performance of the catalyst significantly increased with the modification of Ag. These changes improved the conversion and selectivity of the carbonylation of DME. Over 4Ag-MOR in particular, DME conversion and MA selectivity reached 94% and 100%, respectively.

A series of supports were prepared through the method of hydrothermal synthesis, and copper–iron catalysts supported on ceria nanorods modified by different amounts of manganese were prepared by the liquid phase co-reduction method. The effect of the catalytic performance after Mn addition mainly on higher alcohols synthesis (HAS) was evaluated. Different techniques, such as BET, ICP-AES, XRD, H2-TPR, CO-TPD, TEM, FESEM, XPS and MES, were performed for catalyst characterization. The results indicated that the abilities of CO chemical desorption and carbon chain growth were promoted with appropriate Mn addition, and higher ratio of Cu0/Cu+ species facilitated the methanol homologous reaction and the C2+OH formation. The Ce4+ species were reduced into Ce3+ species during HAS process, providing a large amount of oxygen vacancies. Proper Mn content promoted the formation of χ-Fe5C2 and leaded to the Fe 2p binding energy shift, causing the electron transformation between Fe and Mn species. The largest weight selectivity of C2+OH appeared in the reaction over CuFe/3.6MnCe catalyst with CO conversion 41.43%, and weight fraction of C2+OH 84.41 wt% in the alcohols distribution.

The electrokinetic transport dynamics of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules have recently attracted significant attention in various fields of research. Our group is interested in the detailed examination of the behavior of DNA when confined in micro/nanofluidic channels. In the present study, the translocation mechanism of a DNA-like polymer chain in a nanofluidic channel was investigated using Langevin dynamics simulations. A coarse-grained bead-spring model was developed to simulate the dynamics of a long polymer chain passing through a rectangular cross-section nanopore embedded in a nanochannel, under the influence of a nonuniform electric field. Varying the cross-sectional area of the nanopore was found to allow optimization of the translocation process through modification of the electric field in the flow channel, since a drastic drop in the electric potential at the nanopore was induced by changing the cross-section. Furthermore, the configuration of the polymer chain in the nanopore was observed to determine its translocation velocity. The competition between the strength of the electric field and confinement in the small pore produces various transport mechanisms and the results of this study thus represent a means of optimizing the design of nanofluidic devices for single molecule detection.

Uncertainty is common in ship construction. However, few studies have focused on scheduling problems under uncertainty in shipbuilding. This paper formulates the scheduling problem of panel block construction as a multiobjective fuzzy flow shop scheduling problem (FSSP) with a fuzzy processing time, a fuzzy due date, and the just-in-time (JIT) concept. An improved multiobjective particle swarm optimization called MOPSO-M is developed to solve the scheduling problem. MOPSO-M utilizes a ranked-order-value rule to convert the continuous position of particles into the discrete permutations of jobs, and an available mapping is employed to obtain the precedence-based permutation of the jobs. In addition, to improve the performance of MOPSO-M, archive maintenance is combined with global best position selection, and mutation and a velocity constriction mechanism are introduced into the algorithm. The feasibility and effectiveness of MOPSO-M are assessed in comparison with general MOPSO and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II).