Search

Autonomous shuttle trials are carried out all over the world. So far, these trials are predominately based on trial and error approaches. During the last years, shuttle suppliers have developed their proprietary deployment and operation processes, whereas a more generalized process model is missing so far. In the Digibus® Austria flagship project, a consortium of 13 partners joined forces to develop methods and technologies for deploying and operating autonomous shuttles in public transport. Among other goals, the project aims at the definition of a generalized process model for autonomous shuttle trials, building on existing models as well as individual learnings. The proposed model consists of actors, components, decisions and activities and has been tested in the context of several shuttle trials in Austria. Although the process model so far only reflects the state in Austria, most activities should be applicable to other countries as well. The model is considered as a first step towards future standardization.

Diese Arbeit behandelt die beiden Technologien Geofencing und Beacons und ihren Zusammenhang mit dem österreichischen Einzelhandel. Dazu werden im theoretischen Teil mittels Literaturrecherche diese Technologien erklärt und ihre Anwendungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt. Mittels praktischen Beispielen werden die theoretisch erklärten Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für den Leser greifbarer gemacht. Bei beiden Technologien werden ebenso die Einschränkungen vorgestellt. Vor allem die Privatsphäre des Kunden und der Datenschutz sind dabei beachtenswerte Themen. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage dieser Arbeit betrifft die Akzeptanz der Kunden gegenüber Geofencing und Beacons. Um diese Forschungsfrage beantworten zu können, wurde eine online Umfrage in Österreich durchgeführt. Die Fragen dieser Umfrage orientieren sich am Technology Acceptance Model, welches ein geeignetes Modell für die Untersuchung der Akzeptanz von Informations- und Technologiesystemen darstellt. Ins Zentrum wurde in dieser Arbeit die Determinante wahrgenommene Nützlichkeit gelegt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Smartphone das beliebteste Informationsmedium für Aktionen darstellt. 71% der Teilnehmer würden jedoch einer Zusendung von Aktionsnachrichten mittels Push-Benachrichtigung nicht zustimmen. Eine App, die die Leistungen der Beacons Technologie bietet, würden lediglich 15,6% nicht benutzen. Diese Arbeit gibt erste Aufschlüsse zur Kundenakzeptanz der beiden Technologien Geofencing und Beacons., This paper presents two innovative technologies, called Geofencing and Beacons and the context with the Austrian retail. For this purpose, a theoretical part will explain these two technologies and show some application scenarios. This will be done with a literature research. Useful examples will give the reader a better understanding. After that, the limitation of both technologies will be presented. Especially the privacy and data protection are important subjects in this case. The central research question for this paper is the acceptance of these two technologies from customers in the Austrian market. To answer this question, an online survey was conducted in Austria. The question from this survey are geared to the technology acceptance model, which is an adequate model for the analysis of the acceptance of technology and information systems. The central variable in this paper is the perceived usefulness. The findings show, that the most popular medium for getting information about promotions is the smartphone. So an elementary interest for these two technologies can be supposed. However, 71% of the participants wouldn´t agree to a push notification with the information about promotions. An App with the benefits of the Beacons technologies would only 16% not use. This paper give first insights to the customer acceptance of the technologies Geofencing and Beacons.

One objective of introducing Connected and Automated Driving (CAD) functions on the roads is to reduce the number of accidents due to human errors by reducing the tasks of the driver (partial automation) or removing it completely from the driving system. Building safe and reliable automated vehicles require specific testing methods that are adapted to higher levels of automation. Harmonised European Solutions for Testing Automated Road Transport (HEADSTART) is a research project funded by the European Union that aims to define testing and validation procedures for CAD functions. HEADSTART brings a methodology for testing and validating these functions with Data-Driven Scenario-Based Safety Assurance. The goal of this paper is first to present the overall HEADSTART methodology for validating CAD safety, and then further explain three aspects of it, such as: The database mechanics to extract and parametrize logical scenarios, the relevance metrics for the selection of scenarios, and the allocation of scenarios for test execution.