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6. Multi-label classification of open-ended questions with BERT

Author

Schonlau, Matthias, Weiß, Julia, and Marquardt, Jan

Subjects
Statistics - Applications, Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Open-ended questions in surveys are valuable because they do not constrain the respondent's answer, thereby avoiding biases. However, answers to open-ended questions are text data which are harder to analyze. Traditionally, answers were manually classified as specified in the coding manual. Most of the effort to automate coding has gone into the easier problem of single label prediction, where answers are classified into a single code. However, open-ends that require multi-label classification, i.e., that are assigned multiple codes, occur frequently. This paper focuses on multi-label classification of text answers to open-ended survey questions in social science surveys. We evaluate the performance of the transformer-based architecture BERT for the German language in comparison to traditional multi-label algorithms (Binary Relevance, Label Powerset, ECC) in a German social science survey, the GLES Panel (N=17,584, 55 labels). We find that classification with BERT (forcing at least one label) has the smallest 0/1 loss (13.1%) among methods considered (18.9%-21.6%). As expected, it is much easier to correctly predict answer texts that correspond to a single label (7.1% loss) than those that correspond to multiple labels ($\sim$50% loss). Because BERT predicts zero labels for only 1.5% of the answers, forcing at least one label, while recommended, ultimately does not lower the 0/1 loss by much. Our work has important implications for social scientists: 1) We have shown multi-label classification with BERT works in the German language for open-ends. 2) For mildly multi-label classification tasks, the loss now appears small enough to allow for fully automatic classification (as compared to semi-automatic approaches). 3) Multi-label classification with BERT requires only a single model. The leading competitor, ECC, iterates through individual single label predictions.

Published
2023

19. A Social Perspective on Resilience: Social Support and Dyadic Coping in Teacher Training

Author

Kärner, Tobias, Weiß, Julia Katharina, and Heinrichs, Karin

Abstract

Stress in teaching and teacher training is a well-known issue and stress management during teacher training may not only be affected by individual coping efforts, but also determined by private and work-related networks the individual is integrated in. In that regard, our article aims firstly to identify sources of social support in the German teacher training system and secondly to analyze interdependencies in dyadic coping interactions based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. On the basis of questionnaire data from 307 German trainees and qualified teachers from vocational and general schools, we found that mentors, partners, fellow trainees, colleagues at school, parents, and good friends were named as the most supportive reference persons during teacher training. In a follow-up survey, data from 49 sources of support were obtained, which could be assigned to the corresponding (trainee) teachers (in the sense of support recipients). These dyads thus form the basis for the analysis of dyadic coping interdependencies. The results of the moderator analyses show, among other things, that support recipients who prefer the coping strategy palliative emotion regulation tend to react rather sensitively to contrary coping strategies of the source of support with regard to their stress symptoms. Social interactions in this respect can represent both protective as well as risk factors. Therefore, a system of complex social interdependencies must be considered when analyzing relational resilience among prospective teachers.

Published
2021
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23. Methodological Framework

Author

Warmuth, Julia Rita, Weiss, Julia, Pauknerová, Daniela, Hanzlík, Jan, Tosun, Jale, Kittel, Bernhard, Tosun, Jale, editor, Pauknerová, Daniela, editor, and Kittel, Bernhard, editor

Published
2021
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30. Intergenerational transmission or local labour market context? A comparative analysis of the formation of work value patterns in 65 European regions.

Author

Hörisch, Felix and Weiss, Julia

Subjects
*WORK values, *LABOR market, *YOUNG adults, *WELFARE state, *COMPARATIVE studies
Abstract

This article analyses the driving factors behind the formation of individual work values in European welfare states. By comparing relative preferences for extrinsic and intrinsic work values, we shed light on the discussion of the effects of intergenerational transmission and the structuring effects of labour market policies and regional opportunity structures on the formation of work values. Therefore, a multilevel analysis is applied using the innovative CUPESSE data set, which provides data on young adults and their parents in 65 NUTS‐1‐regions from 11 European countries. The results show that individual work values of young Europeans are most substantively shaped by the respective values of their parents. Furthermore, we demonstrate that individual characteristics such as sex, education and personal unemployment experiences determine preferences for work values. Finally, the paper shows that the local labour market context and welfare state arrangements also play a decisive role in the formation of individual work values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. PUMA-INDUCED APOPTOSIS DRIVES BONE MARROW FAILURE UPON TELOMERE SHORTENING AND LEUKEMIA IN A MOUSE MODEL OF DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA

Author

Molnar, Christian, primary, Bohler, Sheila, additional, Rajak, Jovana, additional, Weiss, Julia Miriam, additional, Gonzalez-Mendez, Irene, additional, Andrieux, Geoffroy, additional, Demmerath, Eva-Maria, additional, Wahl, Madeleine, additional, Wendeburg, Lena, additional, Göhring, Gudrun, additional, Strahm, Brigitte, additional, Steinemann, Doris, additional, Rudelius, Martina, additional, Börries, Melanie, additional, Quintanilla-Martinez, Leticia, additional, Niemeyer, Charlotte M., additional, Labi, Verena, additional, and Erlacher, Miriam, additional

Published
2023
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36. MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME AND LEUKEMIA IS A SECONDARY EVENT AFTER BONE MARROW FAILURE IN GATA2 HAPLOINSUFFICIENT MICE

Author

Koyunlar, Cansu, primary, Fernandez-Orth, Juncal, additional, Weiss, Julia, additional, Gioacchino, Emanuele, additional, Looper, HansDe, additional, Andrieux, Geoffrey, additional, Borg, Mariette Ter, additional, Yigit, Baris, additional, Zink, Joke, additional, Hoogenboezem, Remco, additional, Gonzalez-Mendez, Irene, additional, Bindels, Eric, additional, Sanders, Mathijs, additional, Touw, Ivo, additional, Erlacher, Miriam, additional, and Pater, Emma De, additional

Published
2023
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43. "Sometimes, During Deployment, It Seems Like We Won't Make It": U.S. Military Deployment Transition Issues as a Precursor to Couples' Reintegration Issues.

Author

Weiss, Julia K. and Anzur, Christine K.

Subjects
QUALITATIVE research, SPOUSES, DEPLOYMENT (Military strategy), PSYCHOLOGY of military personnel, UNCERTAINTY, FAMILY roles, SOCIAL perception, FAMILY relations, THEMATIC analysis, FAMILIES of military personnel, COMMUNICATION, SOCIAL skills, MATHEMATICAL models, INTERPERSONAL relations, COMMITMENT (Psychology), THEORY
Abstract

The bulk of the literature on the Relational Turbulence Model relating to U.S. military couples clusters around examining relational turbulence and communication issues when a service member returns from a deployment and reintegrates back into the home. Lacking in comparison is a deeper examination of turbulence and all of its related variables when the service member leaves the home to go on the deployment. The current study examines these components as they relate to overseas military deployment. A thematic analysis of participants' perceptions uncovered major themes of Relational Uncertainty, Partner Interferences, and Relational Turbulence along with several subthemes and additional subtheme-types. If we consider the well-established relational communication issues couples face during reintegrating, these findings suggest that those issues may actually stem from the perceptions of relational turbulence in the initial parts of the deployment cycle during deployment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Safety and Immunogenicity of a Delayed Heterologous Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Vaccine Boost Following Different Priming Regimens: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author

Sahly, Hana M El, Yildirim, Inci, Frey, Sharon E, Winokur, Patricia, Jackson, Lisa A, Bernstein, David I, Creech, C Buddy, Chen, Wilbur H, Rupp, Richard E, Whitaker, Jennifer A, Phadke, Varun, Hoft, Daniel F, Ince, Dilek, Brady, Rebecca C, Edwards, Kathryn M, Ortiz, Justin R, Berman, Megan A, Weiss, Julia, Wegel, Ashley, and Group, DMID 17-0090 Study

Subjects
AVIAN influenza, CLINICAL trials, IMMUNE response, CLINICAL trial registries, ANTIBODY titer
Abstract

Background Influenza A (H7N9) has caused multiple disease waves with evidence of strain diversification. Optimal influenza A (H7N9) prime-boost vaccine strategies are unknown. Methods We recruited participants who had received monovalent inactivated A/Shanghai/2/2013 (H7N9) vaccine (MIV) approximately 5 years earlier, as follows: MIV with MF59 (MF59 × 2 group), MIV with AS03 (AS03 × 2 group), unadjuvanted MIV (No Adj group), MIV with MF59 or AS03 followed by unadjuvanted MIV (Adjx1 group), and A/H7-naive (unprimed group). Participants were randomized to receive 1 dose of AS03-adjuvanted or unadjuvanted A/Hong Kong/125/2017 (H7N9) MIV and were followed for safety and immunogenicity using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody assays. Results We enrolled 304 participants: 153 received the adjuvanted boost and 151 received the unadjuvanted boost. At 21 days postvaccination, the proportion of participants with HAI antibody titers against the boosting vaccine strain of ≥40 in the adjuvanted and unadjuvanted arms, respectively, were 88% and 49% in MF59 × 2 group, 89% and 75% in AS03 × 2 group, 59% and 20% in No Adj group, 94% and 55% in Adjx1group, and 9% and 11% in unprimed group. Conclusions Serologic responses to a heterologous A(H7N9) MIV boost were highest in participants primed and boosted with adjuvant-containing regimens. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03738241. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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