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This special issue follows our conference, which was held in October 2021 and attended by beer historians and sociologists from the U.S., Europe and Australia. By taking beer as a lens to approach questions of knowledge transfer and circulation, we seek to refine our historical understanding of the global entanglements of the beer industry. This is all the more important as to-date the majority of historical beer studies have obscured transnational connections by solely focusing on the nation-state or smaller regional units.

Chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes to corresponding arylamines is a significant reaction in the chemical industry. However, in the presence of other reducible groups, including halogenated nitrobenzene, nitrobiphenyl, and nitroquinoline in the same molecule of nitroaromatics, the control of chemoselectivity remains challenging. Here, a facile fabrication of a heterogeneous iron‐based catalyst is reported as a potential alternative to precious metal catalysts for the chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes. The pyrolysis of iron acetate/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) template under an inert atmosphere furnishes active Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped (N‐doped) carbon layers, which can provide more catalytic active sites (Fe3O4/PAN@800). Notably, non‐precious iron oxide NPs supported on N‐doped carbon support prevent aggregation, thereby enhancing the catalytic activity. The sustainable and reusable Fe3O4/PAN@800 catalyst, having only 0.8% metal content as demonstrated by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, delivers excellent yields of corresponding amines from differently functionalized nitroarenes. Hydrogenation of a series of structurally functionalized nitroarenes produced excellent yields of anilines, which serve as building blocks and intermediates for fine and bulk chemicals. Hydrogenation of 2‐chloro‐3‐nitropyridine, 2‐nitro‐1,1′‐biphenyl, ortho‐nitroaniline, and 4‐aminophenyl acrylonitrile yielded respective anilines up to 99%. The active sites of Fe3O4 have magnetic performance, hence, the catalyst can be easily recovered using a magnet and reused for at least five cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity. Therefore, the easily prepared, cost‐effective, and reusable Fe3O4/PAN@800 catalyst presented in this study shows potential for applications in the selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds. Consequently, this study potentially establishes a guideline for the facile preparation of abundant transition‐non‐noble metal‐based reusable supported catalysts for various applications in the chemical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A detailed operando DRIFTS study on the CO2 Fischer‐Tropsch reaction with K‐promoted Fe/YZrOx catalysts was performed to investigate the influence of this modification on the catalytic performance in the formation of lower olefins as well as higher hydrocarbons and to gain insights into mechanistic aspects. Catalytic testing revealed an enhanced formation of olefins and hydrocarbons by adding potassium to the catalysts, while spectroscopic studies revealed various stable adsorbates and intermediates such as monodentate carbonates, bicarbonates, formates, formyl, and methoxy on the surface of the K‐promoted Fe/YZrOx catalysts compared to the unpromoted one. Based on gas‐feed switching experiments and statistical analysis of literature IR data regarding Fe‐containing catalysts, it was found that carbonate species interacting with H2 are transformed to higher hydrocarbons and methane via formate and formyl formation, while bicarbonate species are decomposed accompanied by the formation of CO, which then further reacts to form formate or formyl and finally hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]