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Abstract Background Bone defects, resulting from substantial bone loss that exceeds the natural self-healing capacity, pose significant challenges to current therapeutic approaches due to various limitations. In the quest for alternative therapeutic strategies, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising avenue. Notably, excretory proteins from Toxoplasma gondii (TgEP), recognized for their immunogenicity and broad spectrum of biological activities secreted or excreted during the parasite’s lifecycle, have been identified as potential facilitators of osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Building on our previous findings that TgEP can enhance osteogenic differentiation, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect and assessed its therapeutic potential in vivo. Methods We determined the optimum concentration of TgEP through cell cytotoxicity and cell proliferation assays. Subsequently, hBMSCs were treated with the appropriate concentration of TgEP. We assessed osteogenic protein markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runx2, and Osx, as well as components of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), siRNA interference of hBMSCs, Western blot analysis, and other methods. Furthermore, we created a bone defect model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats and filled the defect areas with the GelMa hydrogel, with or without TgEP. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was employed to analyze the bone parameters of defect sites. H&E, Masson and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the repair conditions of the defect area. Results Our results indicate that TgEP promotes the expression of key osteogenic markers, including ALP, Runx2, and Osx, as well as the activation of Smad1, BMP2, and phosphorylated Smad1/5—crucial elements of the BMP/Smad signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using a bone defect model in rats demonstrated that TgEP markedly promoted bone defect repair. Conclusion Our results provide compelling evidence that TgEP facilitates hBMSC osteogenic differentiation through the BMP/Smad signaling pathway, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic approach for bone tissue engineering for bone defect healing.

Abstract Secondary structure prediction is a key step in understanding protein function and biological properties and is highly important in the fields of new drug development, disease treatment, bioengineering, etc. Accurately predicting the secondary structure of proteins helps to reveal how proteins are folded and how they function in cells. The application of deep learning models in protein structure prediction is particularly important because of their ability to process complex sequence information and extract meaningful patterns and features, thus significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of prediction. In this study, a combined model integrating an improved temporal convolutional network (TCN), bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), and a multi-head attention (MHA) mechanism is proposed to enhance the accuracy of protein prediction in both eight-state and three-state structures. One-hot encoding features and word vector representations of physicochemical properties are incorporated. A significant emphasis is placed on knowledge distillation techniques utilizing the ProtT5 pretrained model, leading to performance improvements. The improved TCN, achieved through multiscale fusion and bidirectional operations, allows for better extraction of amino acid sequence features than traditional TCN models. The model demonstrated excellent prediction performance on multiple datasets. For the TS115, CB513 and PDB (2018–2020) datasets, the prediction accuracy of the eight-state structure of the six datasets in this paper reached 88.2%, 84.9%, and 95.3%, respectively, and the prediction accuracy of the three-state structure reached 91.3%, 90.3%, and 96.8%, respectively. This study not only improves the accuracy of protein secondary structure prediction but also provides an important tool for understanding protein structure and function, which is particularly applicable to resource-constrained contexts and provides a valuable tool for understanding protein structure and function.

A prediction system was developed to determine the maximum Rayleigh altitude (MRA) by improving the automated detection of LIDAR power-on conditions and adapting to advancements in middle- and upper-atmosphere LIDAR technology. The proposed system was developed using observational data and nighttime sky imagery collected from multiple LIDAR stations. To assess the accuracy of predictions, three key parameters were employed: mean square error, root mean square error, and mean absolute error. Among the three prediction models created through multivariate regression and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) analyses, the most suitable model was selected for predicting the MRA. One-month predictions demonstrated the accuracy of the MRA with a maximum error of no more than 5 km and an average error of less than 2 km. This technology has been successfully implemented in numerous LIDAR stations, enhancing their automation capabilities and providing key technical support for large-scale, unmanned, and operational deployments in the middle- and upper-atmosphere LIDAR systems.

Metastasis, the spread and growth of tumor cells to distant organ sites, represents the most devastating attribute and plays a major role in the morbidity and mortality of cancer. Inflammation is crucial for malignant tumor transformation and survival. Thus, blocking inflammation is expected to serve as an effective cancer treatment. Among anti-inflammation therapies, chemokine modulation is now beginning to emerge from the pipeline. CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) and its ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) interaction and the resulting cell signaling cascade have emerged as highly relevant targets since they play pleiotropic roles in metastatic progression. The unique function of CXCR4 is to promote the homing of tumor cells to their microenvironment at the distant organ sites.We describe the actions of N,N'-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylene))dipyrimidin-2-amine (designated MSX-122), a novel small molecule and partial CXCR4 antagonist with properties quite unlike that of any other reported CXCR4 antagonists, which was prepared in a single chemical step using a reductive amination reaction. Its specificity toward CXCR4 was tested in a binding affinity assay and a ligand competition assay using (18)F-labeled MSX-122. The potency of the compound was determined in two functional assays, Matrigel invasion assay and cAMP modulation. The therapeutic potential of MSX-122 was evaluated in three different murine models for inflammation including an experimental colitis, carrageenan induced paw edema, and bleomycin induced lung fibrosis and three different animal models for metastasis including breast cancer micrometastasis in lung, head and neck cancer metastasis in lung, and uveal melanoma micrometastasis in liver in which CXCR4 was reported to play crucial roles.We developed a novel small molecule, MSX-122, that is a partial CXCR4 antagonist without mobilizing stem cells, which can be safer for long-term blockade of metastasis than other reported CXCR4 antagonists.

Vehicle attitude is one of the most important factors affecting ride comfort, safety, and handling, and it is influenced by road conditions, driver’s maneuvers, and other factors. It is usually achieved by pumping methods (air suspension, hydro-pneumatic suspension, and so on). However, the nonlinearities, hysteresis, and uncertainties in the adjusting process caused by the gas property and the valve characteristic will increase the difficulty of controller design. And frequent use of the pump for continuous adjustment also affects the life span. This paper develops an active suspension based on Motor-driving compacted Double-gas-chamber Hydro-Pneumatic Strut (MDHPS) and verifies the possibility of attitude control with a simple PID controller. The controller is built based on the quarter-car model with the MDHPS model and the optimal values are identified through the Ziegler-Nichols method and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Finally, to investigate the attitude control effect of MDHPS, the full-car model is established based on the co-simulation of Carsim and Matlab/Simulink. The anti-roll and anti-pitch properties based on the proposed height adjustment method are evaluated under different working conditions. Through the comparison between the active and passive methods, it has been shown that the proposed method can greatly improves vehicle performance. The improvement rate of the Root Mean Square (RMS) for both roll and pitch angles exceeds 50.46% under different working conditions.

The microstructural evolution of an as-cast CoCr0.4NiSi0.3 medium-entropy alloys (MEA) was investigated under quasi-static tensile tests from 200 °C to 800 °C. The face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix exhibited ordered nano-precipitates induced by phase separation, resulting in varying strengthening mechanisms caused by metastable phase separation at elevated temperatures. The directional vacancy diffusion of solute atoms along specific crystal planes of dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) grains leads to phase separation at elevated temperatures. This occurs through pathways along the crystal planes of {02‾1‾} in the DRXed σ phase at 400 °C and the {055‾0} in the secondary α-M5Si3 phase at 800 °C. The diffusion mechanism involves lattice defects at lower temperatures and lattice interdiffusion at elevated temperatures. Additionally, the FCC-structured MEA enhances strength and plasticity through the TRIP effect by decomposing perfect dislocations to form the 9R phase. The interaction mode between the primary precipitated L12 phase and dislocations varies with temperature. At 400 °C, a/3 dislocation pairs cut through the L12 phase, while at 800 °C, an Orowan mechanism bypasses the L12 phase. The favorable mechanical properties of the as-cast MEA at elevated temperatures can be attributed to the temperature-dependent evolution of metastable phase configurations and their interactions with dislocations during thermomechanically tensile testing, providing insights into the evolution of metastable phases in CoCrNi-based MEAs under elevated temperatures.

Abstract Water richness evaluation of coal seam roofs is a crucial prerequisite for preventing and controlling water hazards in coal seam roofs. For this purpose, Spearman correlation and GeoDetector were employed for factor optimization to investigate the significance of lithological and structural factors and the impact of interactions among different factors on the water richness of coal seam roofs. Water richness evaluation models of coal seam roofs were separately established via the entropy weight method (EWM), coefficient of variation method (CVM), and random forest method (RFM), and the predictive accuracies of these models were compared. Eleven lithological and structural factors were collected. Through Spearman correlation analysis, 6 factors were identified to have significant influences on water richness. By utilizing the interaction detection of GeoDetector, the effects of interfactor interactions on water richness were explored, and 3 combination factors were selected. AICc was used to determine the model’s superiority. The evaluation results of the study area based on factor optimization and three methods were further compared and validated via pumping tests, workface water inflow tests, and three-dimensional high-density electrical method. The results indicated that the RFM exhibited higher prediction accuracy than did the entropy weight and coefficient of variation methods. Additionally, within each method, factor optimization led to improved model accuracy.

Abstract Background The pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis were at high risk of fetal distress, preterm birth and unexpected stillbirth. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) was mainly caused by disorder of bile acid metabolism, whereas the specific mechanism was obscure. Methods We performed proteomics analysis of 10 ICP specimens and 10 placenta specimens from patients without ICP through data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique to disclose differentially expressed proteins. We executed metabolomic analysis of 30 ICP specimens and 30 placenta specimens from patients without ICP through UPLC-MS/MS to identify differentially expressed metabolites. Enrichment and correlation analysis was used to obtain the direct molecular insights of ICP development. The ICP rat models were constructed to validate pathological features. Results The heatmap of proteomics analysis showed the top 30 up-regulated and 30 down-regulated proteins. The metabolomic analysis revealed 20 richer and 4 less abundant metabolites in ICP samples compared with placenta specimens from patients without ICP, and enrichment pathways by these metabolites included primary bile acid biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, bile secretion, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, purine metabolism and metabolic pathways. Combined analysis of multiple omics results demonstrated that bile acids such as Glycohyocholic acid, Glycine deoxycholic acid, beta-Muricholic acid, Noncholic acid, cholic acid, Gamma-Mercholic Acid, alpha-Muricholic acid and Glycochenodeoxycholic Aicd were significantly associated with the expression of GLRX3, MYL1, MYH7, PGGT1B, ACTG1, SP3, LACTB2, C2CD5, APBB2, IPO9, MYH2, PPP3CC, PIN1, BLOC1S1, DNAJC7, RASAL2 and ATCN3 etc. The core protein ACAT2 was involved in lipid metabolic process and animal model showed that ACAT2 was up-regulated in placenta and liver of pregnant rats and fetal rats. The neonates had low birth weight and Safranin O-Fast green FCF staining of animal models showed that poor osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of fetal rats. Conclusion Multiple metabolites-alpha-Muricholic acid, beta-Muricholic acid, Glycine deoxycholic acid and Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid etc. were perfect biomarkers to predict occurrence of ICP. Bile acids were significantly associated with varieties of protein expression and these proteins were differentially expressed in ICP samples. Our study provided several biomarkers for ICP detection and potential therapeutic targets for ICP development.

BackgroundEnhancing motor skills is crucial for the functional development of children with cerebral palsy. Virtual reality has emerged as a promising technology for rehabilitating these children.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the effects of virtual reality motor games on the gross and fine motor skills of children with cerebral palsy.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in databases including PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, and Wanfang Data, covering publications from their inception to June 1, 2024, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of virtual reality motor games on the gross and fine motor skills of children with cerebral palsy. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale, and data were analyzed with RevMan software (version 5.4).ResultsNineteen studies involving 850 children with cerebral palsy were included. The results indicated that virtual reality motor games significantly improved gross motor skills [mean difference (MD) 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75–2.56; P < 0.001] and fine motor skills [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.73, 95% CI: 0.30–1.16; P = 0.00008] in children with cerebral palsy.ConclusionsVirtual reality motor games have the potential to significantly enhance both gross and fine motor skills in children with cerebral palsy.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO [CRD42024558713].

The qualitative and quantitative analysis of crack initiation characteristics, extended procedure, and crack network morphology of rock under different temperatures and heating/cooling paths was conducted in order to delve deeper into the mechanism of thermal cracking, and the analytical perspectives mainly include microstructure, thermodynamics, and mineral crystal properties. Research results indicate that 200–300 °C and 600 °C are two obvious mutation points of water-cooled samples, while air-cooled samples show mutation points around 600 °C. The initiation positions of thermal cracking under all temperature paths are relatively similar, with intergranular crack located between particles at the edge of the sample or intercrystalline cracks in the middle of feldspar or quartz aggregates. Slow heating and rapid cooling contribute to the complexity of the thermal crack network, and rapid heating can form larger sized thermal cracks. The process of thermal cracking can be divided into three stages: initiation of small cracks, joint development of main cracks and small cracks, and interconnection of cracks to form a network structure. The thermal cracking mechanism is attributed to differences in expansion and thermal conductivity among various crystals.

Abstract Rapid and accurate diagnostic tests are fundamental for improving patient outcomes and combating infectious diseases. The Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) Cas12a‐based detection system has emerged as a promising solution for on‐site nucleic acid testing. Nonetheless, the effective design of CRISPR RNA (crRNA) for Cas12a‐based detection remains challenging and time‐consuming. In this study, we propose an enhanced crRNA design system with deep learning for Cas12a‐mediated diagnostics, referred to as EasyDesign. This system employs an optimized convolutional neural network (CNN) prediction model, trained on a comprehensive data set comprising 11,496 experimentally validated Cas12a‐based detection cases, encompassing a wide spectrum of prevalent pathogens, achieving Spearman's ρ = 0.812. We further assessed the model performance in crRNA design for four pathogens not included in the training data: Monkeypox Virus, Enterovirus 71, Coxsackievirus A16, and Listeria monocytogenes. The results demonstrated superior prediction performance compared to the traditional experiment screening. Furthermore, we have developed an interactive web server (https://crispr.zhejianglab.com/) that integrates EasyDesign with recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) primer design, enhancing user accessibility. Through this web‐based platform, we successfully designed optimal Cas12a crRNAs for six human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes. Remarkably, all the top five predicted crRNAs for each HPV subtype exhibited robust fluorescent signals in CRISPR assays, thereby suggesting that the platform could effectively facilitate clinical sample testing. In conclusion, EasyDesign offers a rapid and reliable solution for crRNA design in Cas12a‐based detection, which could serve as a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics and research applications.

Off-target pesticide drift from cropland is a major source of pesticide exposure to pollinating insects inhabiting crop and wildlands in the lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) in the USA. This study is aimed to develop a drift-reducing pesticide adjuvant that is less/nontoxic to honeybees. Ongoing toxicology experiments with two widely-used insecticides and sodium alginate (SA) pointed out reductions in honeybee mortality compared to an industry standard reference polyacrylamide (PAM). When used as an adjuvant to spray the same insecticides described above, SA did not interfere in killing the target pests. Therefore, SA has been tested as a drift-reducing pesticide adjuvant to protect honeybees. Spray experiments in the lab were carried out in four sets: (i) water only, (ii) water and adjuvant, (iii) water and pesticide, and (iv) water, pesticide and adjuvant. Each set contained 18 treatment combinations to cover the ranges in spray pressure (three), adjuvant dose (three), and spray nozzles (two). The droplet spectrum was analyzed using a P15 image analyzer. Diameters of 10 %, 50 % and 90 % volumes (DV10, DV50, and DV90), droplet velocity, standard deviation and relative span were measured. The drift reduction potential (DRP) of SA was analyzed by (i) dose, (ii) spray pressure, and (iii) nozzle type. The DRP of SA is compared to that of PAM. Additionally, three field experiments were carried out to analyze the efficiency of SA in reducing pesticide drift. The results from our experiments collectively indicate that SA has significant potential in mitigating drift as well as minimizing pesticide toxicity to honeybees.

With the increasingly severe situation of enemy confrontation at sea, multi-platform deployment at the ocean is needed. Maritime wireless communication technology relying on single band including high frequency, very/ultra-high frequency, and microwave frequency can no longer meet the communication support needs of multi-link fusion networking, dynamic resource allocation, and systematic anti-interference for maritime cross-domain collaboration operations. A novel multi-link fusion network communication architecture based on broadband cognitive stacked networks was proposed. A comprehensive integrated radio frequency(RF) front-end was adopted for broadband RF resource management, and a data link fusion meta-model was formed by unifying bandwidth, time slot, and time and space. On this basis, a software communication system backend was adopted for multi-link fusion and stacked networking. Through technologies such as broadband spectrum sensing, cognitive spectrum access, and task-driven adaptive networking, dynamic adaptation to maritime multi-domain communication environments such as air, sea, and submarine was achieved, as well as cognitive decision-making in strong enemy confrontation environments. This could enhance the expansion, cross-domain transmission, and anti-interference communication capabilities of maritime communication networks. In-depth research on the key technologies of broadband cognitive stacked networks was conducted, and a feasible technical approach to broadband cognitive stacked networks was given, which could provide a reference for the system architecture design and technical research in this field.

Abstract Clastic rock aquifer of the coal seam roof often constitutes the direct water-filling aquifer of the coal seam and its water-richness is closely related to the risk of roof water inrush. Therefore, the evaluation of the water-richness of clastic rock aquifer is the basic work of coal seam roof water disaster prevention. This article took the 4th coal seam in Huafeng mine field as an example. It combined the empirical formula method and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) to calculate the development height of water-conducting fracture zone, determined the vertical spatial range of water-richness evaluation. Depth of the sandstone floor, brittle rock ratio, lithological structure index, fault strength index, and fault intersections and endpoints density were selected as the main controlling factors. A combination weighting method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), rough set theory (RS), and minimum deviation method (MD) was proposed to determine the weight of the main controlling factors. Introduced the theory of unascertained measures and confidence recognition criteria to construct an evaluation model for the water-richness of clastic rock aquifers, the study area was divided into three zones: relatively weak water-richness zones, medium water-richness zones, and relatively strong water-richness zones. By comparing with the water inrush points and the water inflow of workfaces, the evaluation model's water yield zoning was consistent with the actual situation, and the prediction effect was good. This provided a new idea for the evaluation of the water-richness of the clastic rock aquifer on the roof of the mining coal seam.

Off-target drift from aerial pesticide applications in croplands can be a major source of pesticide exposure to pollinators. Pesticide adjuvants (PAs) are added to pesticides but can be as toxic as pesticides’ active ingredients. Ongoing experiments have identified sodium alginate (SA) as a drift-reducing PA less toxic to honeybees. Hence, SA and fenugreek polymer (FP) have been tested as drift-reducing PAs for aerial applications using the Remotely Piloted Aerial Application System (RPAAS). Two spray experiments were carried out in the field: (i) water only (W) and (ii) water and adjuvant (WA). Droplet spectrum and on-target coverage were collected using a VisiSize P15 image analyzer and kromekote cards, respectively. The drift reduction potentials (DRPs) of the adjuvants were analyzed based on droplet size (diameters of 10%, 50%, and 90% volume) and the proportion of driftable volume with droplets < 200 µm. Compared to the W only, the W-A treatment produced larger droplets, suggesting the presence of DRP. There were 14.5%, 8.3% to 14.4%, and 2.3% to 7.7% driftable fines in the W, WA (SA), and WA (FP) treatments, respectively. The FP treatment improved the on-target coverage (3.0% to 3.1%) compared to water (2.7%). Our results indicate that SA and FP have the potential to mitigate off-target drift and protect pollinator health.

Hidden collapse column associated with high pressure dynamic water is a main cause of major water inrush accidents in North China type coal fields. Taking the structural abnormality area discovered in 11603 working face of Daizhuang Coal Mine as an example, underground three-dimensional high-density electrical method, advanced exploration of underground drilling and curtain grouting were used to detect the existence of collapse column, and analyzed the water conductivity of collapse columns based on the hydraulic connection analysis of the 13th limestone and Ordovician limestone aquifers. Finally, it is determined that this abnormal area is a strong water filling collapse column originating from the upper Ordovician strata runoff zone (inferred to be within a range of 30 to 100 m below the Ordovician limestone top interface), developed to a height of 12th limestone. Based on the fact that the water yield and water pressure of underground directional drilling, the grouting pressure of curtain grouting, and the amount of cement injected are external quantitative factors that reflect the existence of hidden karst collapse columns during the process of detecting hidden karst collapse columns, and in combination with the feature that deep learning can fully independently learn abstract knowledge expression, a prediction model based on convolutional neural networks is constructed. According to the established network model, it was found that among the 12 sets of actual measurement data, only one data point indicated the absence of a collapse column. The prediction accuracy reached 91.6%, which meets the practical needs.

Abstract Atmospheric precipitation floods mining areas, which seriously affects the safe production of coal mines. However, research on the mechanism underlying precipitation supplying coal mines, particularly in karst landform areas, remains far from sufficient. Based on the collection of a large amount of geological and hydrogeological mining data and some data related to mine atmospheric precipitation and mine water inflow, the channels of atmospheric precipitation supplying mines in the main coal-producing areas of Guizhou, China, are systematically analysed and studied. They are divided into weathering zone fractures, mining fractures, water diversion faults, water diversion collapse columns and karst channels. Recharge channels have the characteristics of surface infiltration, pipeline flow and layered recharge, as well as self-healing after being filled by surface loess and other materials. The supply of atmospheric precipitation to the coal mine stope is seasonal. The mine water inflow in the rainy season is 1.2 ~ 12 times that in the dry season, with an average of 1.9 times. The supply has hysteresis. The lag time of surface infiltration, pipeline flow and layered flow is 2 ~ 4 days, within 24 h and more than 2 days, respectively. The recharge is affected by the burial depth of the coal seam and the characteristics of the combined upper roof slate. Among the mines affected by atmospheric precipitation and water disasters, some mines have carried out research on the comprehensive treatment of water disasters, implemented supplementary exploration projects such as surface hydrogeological drilling and geophysical exploration, or carried out hydrochemical research. Some mines have adopted water prevention and control projects, such as blocking ground water diversion cracks, constructing water diversion projects, adjusting the mining time of the working face, transforming the drainage system and improving the drainage capacity, to ensure the safe production of mines. This research achievement may provide a theoretical basis and practical experience for the prevention and control of atmospheric precipitation infiltration in coal mines in karst areas.

Understanding the variation of rock permeability with temperature and confining pressure is the foundation for projects such as high-level radioactive waste disposal, deep geothermal exploitation, and carbon dioxide storage. This paper presents an experimental study of the permeability evolution of thermally damaged Beishan granite under effective stress. The results show that temperature has a significant impact on the permeability of granite, and there is an obvious threshold temperature (400–500 °C), initial permeability and permeability change rate increased gradually with temperature. The permeability of Beishan granite shows non-linear decreasing trend with the increase of effective stress, ultimately tending towards stability. The microstructure of granite after thermal damage can be observed by scanning electron microscopy and used to assist in explaining the microscopic mechanism of permeability changes. A new granite permeability prediction model is proposed, which integrates permeability with temperature and effective stress, providing an important reference for the safety of high-level radioactive waste disposal.

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have garnered significant research interest owing to their unique structure and optoelectronic properties. However, their poor optical performance in ambient air remains a significant limitation, hindering their advancement and practical applications. Herein, three amino acids (valine, threonine and cysteine) were chosen as surface ligands to successfully prepare highly luminescent CH3NH3PbBr3 (MAPbBr3) QDs. The morphology and XRD results suggest that the inclusion of the amino acid ligands enhances the octahedral structure of the QD solutions. Moreover, the observed blue-shifted phenomenon in the photoluminescence (PL) aligns closely with the blue-shifted phenomenon observed in the ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, attributed to the quantum confinement effect. The time-resolved spectra indicated that the introduction of the amino acid ligands successfully suppressed non-radiative recombination, consequently extending the fluorescence lifetime of the MAPbBr3 QDs. The photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of the amino acid-treated MAPbBr3 QDs are increased by 94.8%. The color rendering index (CRI) of the produced white light-emitting diode (WLED) is 85.3, with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5453 K. Our study presents a novel approach to enhancing the performance of perovskite QDs by employing specially designed surface ligands for surface passivation.

In vehicle suspension, it is important to achieve continuous height adjustment to reduce the possibility of unstable and off-tracking caused by uneven postures. It is usually solved by air suspension, in which the dynamic properties will change under the adjusting process and these changes are not conducive to control. Considering the above, in this paper a double-gas-chamber hydro-pneumatic strut (DHPS) with the constant and/or predicted stiffness during continuous height adjustment, as masses (oil and gas) conversation are guaranteed in the whole system, which is achieved by volume variation of auxiliary gas chamber through motor-driving piston, is proposed. The dynamic properties and mathematic model of the proposed DHPS are investigated and established through bench test applying to the designed prototype. The system response speed has been evaluated through experimental data that for harmonic test the system can reach the stable condition in 1 (2) cycle subjected to 50mm/s (25mm/s) motor-driving piston moving speed. Finally, a typical quarter-car model is utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed DHPS. It has been shown that the system takes 0.40s and 0.50s (200mm/s moving speed), and 0.76s and 1.36s (40mm/s moving speed) subjected to step test (25 and 50 mm), respectively.

【Objective】By investigating the ecological niche characteristics of the dominant species of the forest communities in the coastal zone of Dapeng Peninsula, Shenzhen, the ability and similarity of the species to use environmental resources are understood, providing a scientific basis for forest management in this area.【Method】On the basis of the field survey, by using the calculation methods of Levins niche breadth, Shannon-Wiener niche breadth, Pianka niche overlap and niche similarity, dominant species from tree layer and shrub layer in the Egong Village sample site and Luowutian Reservoir sample site in the coastal zone were selected for niche quantitative research.【Result】In the communities of the Egong Village sample site and the Luowutian Reservoir sample site, (1) the species with the larger niche breadth in the tree layer were Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia and Aporosa dioica, with Levins indices of 16.40 and 22.70, and Shannon-Wiener indices of 2.89 and 3.16, respectively; the species with the larger niche breadth in the shrub layer were Diplospora dubia and Syzygium rehderianum, with Levins indices of 19.10 and 23.97 and Shannon indices of 3.07 and 3.20, respectively. (2) The overall mean values of niche overlap in the tree layer were 0.434 and 0.641, respectively, and the species with the larger niche overlap were Ilex pubescens and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (0.997), Psydrax dicocca and Garcinia oblongifolia (0.923); the overall mean values of niche overlap in the shrub layer were 0.441 and 0.468, respectively, and species with the larger niche overlap were Pavetta hongkongensis and Sterculia lanceolata (0.910), Aporosa dioica and Psychotria asiatica (0.959). (3) The tree species with larger niche similarity were Pavetta hongkongensis and Mallotus paniculatus (0.820), Psydrax dicocca and Garcinia oblongifolia (0.817), Rhaphiolepis indica and Diplospora dubia (0.751), Syzygium rehderianum and Psychotria asiatica (0.878).【Conclusion】In coastal zone forest communities, Litsea rotundifolia var. Oblongifolia, Diplospora duia, Syzygium rehderianum have larger ecological niche breadth. The community structure and species composition in the Egong Village sample site are in a relatively stable state, and most species in the Egong Village sample site have widely varying needs for environmental resources. Interspecific competition is more intense in the tree layer than that in the shrub layer in the Luowutian Reservoir sample site, the forest communities in this site are still in the successional stage as a whole, and the ecological niche differentiation has not yet been stabilized.

The use of gaseous CO in Pd-catalyzed carbonylative quinolone synthesis presents challenges related to safety and precise pressure control. In response, a streamlined non-gaseous synthesis of 4-quinolone compounds has been developed. This study introduces a tunable CO-releasing system utilizing Fe(CO)5 activated by a dual-base system of piperazine and triethylamine. This alternative liquid CO resource facilitates the palladium-catalyzed carbonylative C-C coupling and subsequent intramolecular cyclization. By tuning the tandem kinetics of carbonylation and cyclization, this non-gaseous method achieves the successful synthesis of 22 distinct 4-quinolones with excellent yields. This is achieved through the three-component condensation of sub-stoichiometric amounts of Fe(CO)5 with 2-iodoaniline and terminal alkynes. Operando mechanistic studies have revealed a novel CO transfer mechanism that facilitates homogeneous carbonylative cyclization, distinguishing this method from traditional techniques. In addition to addressing safety concerns, this approach also provides precise control over selectivity, with significant implications for pharmaceutical research and the efficient synthesis of pharmaceutical and bioactive compounds.

Abstract The rapid rise of the Internet of things (IoT) have brought the progress of electronic skin (e-skin). E-skin is used to imitate or even surpass the functions of human skin. Thermoregulating is one of the crucial functions of human skin, it is significant to develop a universal way to realize e-skin thermoregulating. Here, inspired by the sweat gland structure in human skin, we report a simple method for achieving dynamic thermoregulating, attributing to the temperature of microencapsulated paraffin remains unchanged when phase change occurs. Combining with the principle of triboelectric nanogenerator, a deep learning model is employed to recognize the output signals of handwriting different letters on ME-skin, and the recognition accuracy reaches 98.13%. Finally, real-time recognition and display of handwritings are successfully implemented by the ME-skin, which provides a general solution for thermoregulating e-skin and application direction for e-skin in the field of IoT.

The research mainly starts from the development trend of 5G+ satellite integration, and conducts research and analysis on typical domestic and foreign satellite Internet of things/internet solutions, and then leads to application scenarios and services requirement for the development of 5G+ satellite integration, including research and discussion on the technical requirements of 5G satellite space-ground integrated dual-mode terminals, finally, the challenges faced by 5G satellite dual-mode communication terminals are given.With a view to providing industry with guidance on the challenging aspects of standardization and pre-development of 5G+ satellite dual-mode terminals, and to provide useful suggestions and references for overcoming these challenges.

The CoCrNi-based medium-entropy alloys (MEA) have been extensively investigated due to their exceptional mechanical properties at both room and cryogenic temperatures. To investigate the hot deformation behavior and the recrystallization mechanism of the CoCr0.4NiSi0.3 medium-entropy alloy, a series of deformation tests was conducted using the MMS-100 thermal simulation tester, with deformation conditions of 0.001–1 s−1/850–1150 °C. During the hot deformation process, the flow stress initially increases up to its peak value before gradually decreasing towards a steady state level. Higher flow stress levels are observed with increasing strain rate and decreasing deformation temperature. The estimated activation energy for hot deformation of this alloy is approximately 423.6602 kJ/mol. The Arrhenius-type constitutive equation is utilized to establish a modified model while incorporating power dissipation theory and the instability criterion of a dynamic material model to construct power dissipation maps and instability maps. By superimposing these maps, hot processing maps with strains of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.7 are derived. In this investigation, it is observed that regions of instability exclusively occur when the true strain exceeds 0.4. These regions of instability on the hot processing map align well with experimental findings. The suitable range of parameters for hot-working decreases as the true strain increases. The microstructure was analyzed using electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The volume fraction of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) decreases with increasing strain rate but diminishes with rising temperature. The TEM characterization elucidated the mechanism of DRX in this MEA. The presence of the long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase was observed in both the face-centered cubic matrix and hexagonal close-packed recrystallized grains under different deformation conditions. The LPSO phase originates from the matrix at a low strain rate, whereas it is generated during recrystallization at a high strain rate. The observed increase in flow stress of the as-cast MEA is primarily attributed to the synergistic effects arising from the interaction of the dislocation with twins and the second phase. The onset of instability is effectively suppressed within a limited range through the formation of coherent second phases such as L12, LPSO, and superlattice structures resulting from phase transitions. These second phases serve as nucleation sites for recrystallization and contribute to the strengthening of dispersion. Furthermore, their interaction with dislocations and twins significantly influences both flow stress behavior and recrystallization kinetics under hot deformation. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the underlying deformation mechanisms governing MEA but also offer valuable insights for designing CoCrNi-based alloys with improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.

【Objective】Forest is a region with the richest biodiversity. Researches on plant diversity of different forest types are of great importance to study vegetation characteristics and its conservation. Xinfengjiang Reservoir is an important water source in South China, and forest in the reservoir area has an important role in biodiversity conservation and water purification. The analysis on species diversity of different forest types in the Xinfengjiang reservoir area can provide a scientific basis for the conservation and tending management of forests in the reservoir area.【Method】Three types of typical forests, i.e., evergreen broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and coniferous forest were selected as study areas. The tree, shrub and grass in the plots were recorded and species composition and diversity index were analyzed.【Result】The species composition of forest vegetation in the Xinfengjiang reservoir area was relatively rich, with 47 families, 66 genera and 165 species recorded in the sample sites, among them, the numbers of species and individuals of Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Cupressaceae and Rubiaceae were higher. In general, species diversity showed a trend of evergreen broad-leaved forest > coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest > coniferous forest. The species richness indexes of different forest types ranged from 19 to 32, the Shannon-Wiener indexes from 2.02 to 2.92, the Simpson dominance indexed from 0.77 to 0.92, and the Pielou evenness index from 0.69 to 0.85.【Conclusion】The species diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forests in the reservoir area is high. Scientific and effective tending measures should be taken to promote coniferous forest succession reasonably. Long-term locational monitoring is also necessary to understand the relationship between forest and environmental factors. The study results can provide a scientific basis for conservation and utilization of biodiversity in the Xinfengjiang reservoir area.

BackgroundObesity is often accompanied by lower 25(OH)D levels, whereas these two parameters exhibit opposite effects on bone health. It is uncertain what are the effects of lower 25(OH)D levels in obesity on bone health in elderly Chinese people.MethodsA nationally representative cross-sectional analysis of China Community-based Cohort of Osteoporosis (CCCO) was performed from 2016 to 2021, which consisted of 22,081 participants. Demographic data, disease history, Body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), the levels of the biomarkers of vitamin D status and those of bone metabolism markers were measured for all participants (N = 22,081). The genes (rs12785878, rs10741657, rs4588, rs7041, rs2282679 and rs6013897) related to 25(OH)D transportation and metabolism were performed in a selected subgroup (N = 6008).ResultsObese subjects exhibited lower 25(OH)D levels (p < 0.05) and higher BMD (p < 0.001) compared with those of normal subjects following adjustment. The genotypes and allele frequency of rs12785878, rs10741657, rs6013897, rs2282679, rs4588 and rs7041 indicated no significant differences among three BMI groups following correction by the Bonferroni’s method (p > 0.05). The levels of total 25(OH)D (ToVD) were significantly different among the GC1F, GC1S and GC2 haplotype groups (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that ToVD levels were significantly correlated with parathyroid hormone levels, BMD, risk of osteoporosis (OP) and the concentration levels of other bone metabolism markers (p < 0.05). Generalized varying coefficient models demonstrated that the increasing BMI, ToVD levels and their interactions were positively associated with BMD outcomes (p < 0.001), whereas the reduced levels of ToVD and BMI increased the risk of OP, which was noted notably for the subjects with reduced ToVD levels (less than 20.69 ng/ml) combined with decreased BMI (less than 24.05 kg/m2).ConclusionThere was a non-linear interaction of BMI and 25(OH)D. And higher BMI accompanied by decreased 25(OH)D levels is associated with increased BMD and decreased incidence of OP, optimal ranges exist for BMI and 25(OH)D levels. The cutoff value of BMI at approximately 24.05 kg/m2 combined with an approximate value of 25(OH)D at 20.69 ng/ml are beneficial for Chinese elderly subjects.

BackgroundThe Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI), a composite score of multiple dietary antioxidants (including vitamin A, C, and E, selenium, zinc, and carotenoids), represents an individual’s comprehensive dietary antioxidant intake profile. CDAI was developed based on its combined effect on pro-inflammatory markers Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory effects of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which are associated with many health outcomes, including depression, all-cause mortality, colorectal cancer, etc. Handgrip strength is used as a simple measure of muscle strength, not only is it highly correlated with overall muscle strength, but also serves as a diagnostic tool for many adverse health outcomes, including sarcopenia and frailty syndromes.PurposeThe association between CDAI and Handgrip strength (HGS) is currently unclear. This study investigated the association between CDAI (including its components) and HGS in 6,019 American adults.MethodThe research data were selected from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES), and a total of 6,019 American adults were screened and included. A weighted generalized linear regression model was used to evaluate CDAI (including its components) and HGS.Results(1) CDAI was significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.009, 0.005∼0.013, P < 0.001), and the trend test showed that compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI, the highest quartile of CDAI was positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.084, 0.042∼0.126, P = 0.002) and significant in trend test (P for trend < 0.0100). Gender subgroup analysis showed that male CDAI was significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.015, 0.007∼0.023, P = 0.002), and the trend test showed that compared with the lowest quartile of CDAI, the highest quartile of CDAI was positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.131, 0.049∼0.213, P = 0.006) and the trend test was significant (P for trend < 0.0100). There was no correlation between female CDAI and HGS, and the trend test was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (2) The intake of dietary vitamin E, Zinc and Selenium showed a significant positive correlation with HGS (β = 0.004, 0.002∼0.007, P = 0.006; β = 0.007, 0.004∼0.009, P < 0.001; β = 0.001, 0.001∼0.001, P < 0.001), vitamin A, vitamin C and carotenoid were significantly associated with HGS in the Crude Model, but this significant association disappeared in the complete model with the increase of control variables. Gender subgroup analysis showed that in model 3, male dietary intake levels of vitamin E, Zinc, and Selenium were significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.005, 0.002∼0.009, P = 0.011; β = 0.007, 0.004∼0.011, P = 0.001; β = 0.001, 0.001∼0.001, P = 0.004), the rest of the indicators had no significant correlation with HGS. Among the female subjects, dietary zinc intake was significantly positively correlated with HGS (β = 0.005, 0.001∼0.008, P = 0.008), and there was no significant correlation between other indicators and HGS (P > 0.05).ConclusionThere was an association between the CDAI and HGS, but there was a gender difference, and there was an association between the CDAI and HGS in male, but the association was not significant in female. Intake of the dietary antioxidants vitamin E, selenium, and zinc was associated with HGS in male, but only zinc was associated with HGS among dietary antioxidants in female.