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21q deletion has been associated with a wide range of clinical signs, from very mild to severe phenotypes, and with the progress of genetic technology, more patients with this deletion are being diagnosed. This study reports on a 9-year-old boy with a terminal deletion of 4.5 Mb on chromosome 21 in the locus of chr21: 43531239-48119895 (GRCh37/hg19). Dark skin, a buried penis, small testes, dental caries, microcephaly, a low auricle, mental and intellectual retardation, balance disorder and pituitary and callosum dysplasia were observed. The results of a literature review and observation of similar abnormalities, including hypoplasia of corpus callosum, in two patients with non-overlapping deletion regions suggest that there are multiple gene loci regulating brain development on 21q. By comparing the overlapped deletion region in 21q22.3 cases of brain anomalies and/or gonadal dysgenesis, we concluded there were two overlapped microdeletion regions (chr21:43531239-43792093 and chr21:46625055-46884297) that may be related to brain and gonadal development. The same 16.49 Mb deletion of chr21:31578129-48119895 (GRCh37/hg19) was shared in 10 cases, and 24 cases shared the same 5.59 Mb deletion of chr21:42478130-48119895 (GRCh37/hg19) in DECIPHER (Database of Chromasomal Imbalance and Phenotype in Humans using Ensembl Resources), suggesting these were two commonly deleted regions of pure partial 21q. Those patients with the same breakpoints had different phenotypes suggesting the heterogeneity of 21q deletion.

Background This study was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess the association between visceral fat area (VFA) and cardiac hemodynamics. Methods A total of 568 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 54±12 years; 40.8% of women) were enrolled. Visceral fat area (VFA, m2) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA, m2) were evaluated by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Cardiac hemodynamics were measured by echocardiography, and other clinical and laboratory variables were also assessed and recorded. Patients were divided into those with VFA ≤ 100 (n=369) and those with VFA > 100 (n=199). Results VFA, SFA, LVMI (left ventricular mass index), left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter (LvDd), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular systolic diameter (LvSd), and posterior wall thickness (PWT) levels in high-V groups were significantly higher than those in low-V groups. Correlation analysis showed that VFA was positively correlated with LVMI (r=0.120, p=0.004), LVM (r=0.249, p

Objective. To investigate the correlation between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the incidence of anxiety, depression, and mental disorders in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Methods. Novel coronavirus pneumonia patients in Wuhan from 2020 to April were selected for treatment from hospitals and isolation wards from 1 to April. 70 rehabilitated patients were randomly divided into the control group (35 patients) and the observation group (35 patients) who were treated with conventional therapy. Positive therapy and full perfusion therapy were introduced on the basis of conventional therapy, and the related performances of different patients were observed and evaluated. Results. The anxiety, depression, and incidence rate of related psychotic patients in the observation group after treatment were significantly reduced. Patients could maintain a good mood, increase their confidence in conquering diseases, and promote their early recovery. Conclusion. Active treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia has positive effects on posttraumatic growth of new crown pneumonia patients, relieving anxiety and negative emotions, improving emotional control, eliminating bad emotions, actively guiding patients, and promoting psychological rehabilitation of patients.

BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and overweight/obesity. AIM To evaluate the association between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the ISI Web of Science were searched to retrieve all of the studies associated with circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis containing 1005 cases and 1242 controls. Our analysis showed that the circulating irisin level in overweight/obese people was higher than that in overall healthy controls (random effects MD = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.22-1.05; P = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the irisin level was higher in overweight/obesity people than that in controls in Africa (random effects MD = 3.41; 95%CI: 1.23-5.59; P < 0.05) but not in European, Asian, or American populations. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by age, the results showed that obese children exhibited a higher irisin level than controls (random effects MD = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.28-1.43; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating irisin is higher in obese individuals compared to healthy controls and it is important to identify the relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity in predicting overweight/obesity.

Background Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), a reliable indicator of visceral adiposity, was associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chinese population. However, little is known regarding association between CVAI and presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in T2DM patients. Here, we investigated whether CVAI could identify NAFLD among T2DM patients.Methods A total of 504 T2DM patients were recruited in this cross-sectional survey. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Binary logistic regression was used to assess association between CVAI and occurrence of NAFLD in T2DM patients. The predictive power of CVAI for NAFLD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method. ResultsCVAI levels were significantly elevated in T2DM patients with NAFLD (102.68±32.34 vs 133.10±28.44, PPPP). The cut-off value of CVAI for identifying NAFLD in Chinese T2DM population was 111.975 (sensitivity = 0.761, specificity = 0.627).Conclusions Elevated CVAI levels were independently associated with presence of NAFLD in T2DM patients. CVAI might be a reliable and convenient index for incident NAFLD in T2DM patients.

In recent times, the role of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been increasingly investigated. However, to our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted yet to evaluate the relationship between FGF21 levels and GDM. Confirmed studies related to circulating FGF21 levels and GDM were searched from the databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Data were reported as standard mean difference (SMD) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analysis were performed with Review Manager 5.2 and Stata version 11.0. A total of 392 cases and 435 controls in nine articles were included in this meta-analysis. The circulating FGF21 levels in pregnant women with GDM was higher than that in controls (random effects MD [95% CI] = 0.46, [0.07-0.86], p = 0.02). The result of multivariate meta-regression showed that sample size and point of sample collection contributed to heterogeneity (p = 0.033 and p = 0.047, respectively). Additionally, the results showed that there was no publication bias in this meta-analysis (Z = 1.36, p = 0.175; t = 1.24, p = 0.256, respectively). To conclude, this meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating FGF21 levels are higher in GDM subjects than controls, and it is important to clarify the relationship between circulating FGF21 levels and pregnant women with GDM in accurate prediction of GDM.

Background This study was conducted in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to assess the association between visceral fat area (VFA) and cardiac hemodynamics. Methods A total of 568 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 54±12 years; 40.8% of women) were enrolled. Visceral fat area (VFA, m2) and subcutaneous fat area (SFA, m2) were evaluated by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Cardiac hemodynamics were measured by echocardiography, and other clinical and laboratory variables were also assessed and recorded. Patients were divided into those with VFA ≤ 100 (n=369) and those with VFA > 100 (n=199). Results VFA, SFA, LVMI (left ventricular mass index), left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter (LvDd), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular systolic diameter (LvSd), and posterior wall thickness (PWT) levels in high-V groups were significantly higher than those in low-V groups. Correlation analysis showed that VFA was positively correlated with LVMI (r=0.120, p=0.004), LVM (r=0.249, p

Background The role of adipokines in the development of atherosclerosis (AS) has received increasing attention in recent years. This study aimed to explore the effects of chemerin on the functions of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and to investigate its role in lipid accumulation in ApoE-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. Methods EPCs were cultured and treated with chemerin together with the specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB 203580 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Changes in migration, adhesion, proliferation and the apoptosis rate of EPCs were detected. ApoE−/− mice with high-fat diet-induced AS were treated with chemerin with or without SB 203580. Weights were recorded, lipid indicators were detected, and tissues sections were stained. Results The data showed that chemerin enhanced the adhesion and migration abilities of EPCs, and reduced the apoptosis ratio and that this effect might be mediated through the p38 MAPK pathway. Additionally, chemerin increased the instability of plaques. Compared with the control group and the inhibitor group, ApoE−/− mice treated with chemerin protein had more serious arterial stenosis, higher lipid contents in plaques and decreased collagen. Lipid accumulation in the liver and kidney and inflammation in the hepatic portal area were enhanced by treatment with chemerin, and the size of adipocytes also increased after chemerin treatment. In conclusion, chemerin can enhance the adhesion and migration abilities of human EPCs and reduce the apoptosis ratio. In animals, chemerin can increase lipid accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques and exacerbate plaques instability. At the same time, chemerin can cause abnormal lipid accumulation in the livers and kidneys of model animals. After specifically blocking the p38 MAPK pathway, the effect of chemerin was reduced. Conclusions In conclusion, this study showed that chemerin enhances the adhesion and migration abilities of EPCs and increases the instability of plaques and abnormal lipid accumulation in ApoE−/− mice. Furthermore, these effects might be mediated through the p38 MAPK pathway.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ini-10.1177_1753425920951985 for Metabolomic analysis of spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis reveals the potential involvement of glutathione depletion by Xiong Yuyun, Yu Fan, Wei Weiping, Yin Qing and Sun Bingwei in Innate Immunity

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of various combinations of exenatide, metformin (MET) and biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIA30) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Two hundred overweight or obese patients newly diagnosed with T2DM were evenly randomized into two groups: A (twice daily for all: Phase I, 5 µg exenatide + 0.5 g MET for 4 weeks, then 10 µg exenatide + 0.5 g MET for 8 weeks; Phase II, 0.5 g MET for 12 weeks; Phase III, 0.3–0.4 U/kg/day BIA30 + 0.5 g MET for 12 weeks) and B (Phases I, II, III matched the phases III, II and I in group A). In groups A and B a significant decrease and increase, respectively, in glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and body mass index (BMI) was noted during Phase I. A 3.2±0.4-kg decrease in body weight in group A and a 2.6±0.3-kg increase in group B was observed. In Phase II, HbAlc was significantly increased in both groups (P

Background Although men and women have similar diabetes prevalence, the same medicine will cause different therapeutic results in different genders. To understand the molecular mechanism, we explored the effects of a combined therapy of Exenatide and Metformin on obesity and overweight female and male patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods One hundred and five overweight and obesity patients with newly diagnosed T2DM (n = 54 female in a female group and n = 51 males in a male group) received the therapy: 5 μg Exenatide + 0.5 g MET twice daily for 4 weeks, then 10 μg Exenatide + 0.5 g MET twice daily for 24 weeks. Results There was an average of 8.2 ± 2.4 kg and 4.6 ± 2.3 kg weight loss in female and male patients, respectively. The combined therapy showed better effects on female than male patients for improving insulin sensitivity and serum lipid profile, reducing insulin resistance, increasing adiponectin levels, and decreasing the levels of HbA1c, BMI, resistin, TNF-alpha and C-reactive protein (P Conclusions The combined therapy of Exenatide and MET shows better therapeutic results in female patients than in male patients. Therefore, the dual therapy is more suitable for female patients.

Polymer brushes based on poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) have been successfully grafted from the surface of silica coated iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 ) nanoparticles via surface-initiated activators generated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-AGET ATRP). The size of the nanoparticles could be adjusted from 7.3 to 9.6 nm by varying the precursor concentration of iron(III) acetylacetonate. The Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles possessed a highly crystalline structure, and the saturation magnetization of the as-prepared magnetite was strongly related to the particle size. Furthermore, the grafted PGMA content on the magnetic nanoparticles could be controlled by varying the ligand to transition metal ratio in a N , N , N ′, N ″, N ″-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)/CuBr 2 catalyst system. The maximum grafted content was 23.1% at a ratio of [PMDETA] 0 /[CuBr 2 ] 0 = 2:1.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids (1B-3MI-TFB ILs) were employed as a coating material and BGE in CE for simultaneous separation of basic and acidic proteins such as lysozyme, cytochrome C, ribonuclease A, albumin, and alpha-lactalbumin. 1B-3MI-TFB ILs effectively reversed the surface charges on the capillary inner surface, preventing the adsorption of positively charged proteins onto the silica surface, as well as associated with proteins, thus benefiting the separation efficiencies and reproducibility. Consequently, simultaneous baseline separation of five proteins was achieved within 14 min by using 10 mM of 1B-3MI-TFB ILs as dynamic coating and the only running electrolyte at the voltage of +20 kV. The proposed coating technique is simple, less time-consuming, reproducible, and also stable enough for proteins separation without the need of additives. Symmetrical peaks with efficiencies up to 670,000 plates/m were obtained. Recoveries of proteins with RSD (for migration times) of 0.23-0.42% (run-to-run) and 2.5-3.8% (day-to-day) were achieved, respectively. The applicability of the proposed method in proteins separation was evaluated by the separation of egg white samples.