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Helicoverpa armigera and Aphis gossypii are two important insect species that feed on cotton plants. These insects have distinct abilities to induce plant resistance and tolerate plant toxins, which results in interspecific competition imbalance that may be fatal to the low-tolerance A. gossypii and force these insects to develop avoidance behaviors and subsequently separate from their niche. We implemented ecological experiments to test the effects of H. armigera-induced plant resistance and behavioral avoidance in A. gossypii, and employed transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to reveal changes in resistance genes and metabolites in plants.Our results demonstrate that cotton plants induced by H. armigera cause significant inhibitory and avoidance effects on A. gossypii insect populations. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) analysis showed changes in plant resistance induced by H. armigera leading to a decreased feeding efficiency of A. gossypii. In addition, genes associated with jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were significantly up-regulated in cotton plants after H. armigera induction, which led to a significant up-regulation of metabolites inducing plant resistance. These observations were corroborated by bioactivity analysis on metabolites, which showed that jasmonic acid, gossypol and tannins have significant inhibitory effects on A. gossypii populations. In contrast, methylparaben is associated with avoidance behaviors on A. gossypii populations.Our study suggests that the differences in the ability to induce plant resistance and tolerance between two non-predatory insects were lethal to low-tolerance A. gossypii insects, which might be a major factor determining their niche differentiation. This was further demonstrated by screening anti-insect and bio-hormonal metabolites. Our study provides a reference for investigating the evolutionary relationship between non-predatory insects and insights to implement effective insect biocontrol. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Weijiao Liu,1,2,* Wei Gu,1,* Xiaofeng Jin,1,* Jian Wang1,3 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital Pinggu Campus, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jian WangDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail wangjianent@126.comPurpose: Surgical drainage is an essential part of treatment for deep neck infections (DNIs) or deep neck multiple-space infections (DNMIs). With the emergence and application of new technologies and new materials, vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) in the treatment of DNMIs has been reported. However, reports on the timing of VAC placement are limited. Herein, we compared simultaneous versus staged VAC placement in the treatment of DNMIs.Patients and Methods: Medical data from 24 patients with DNMIs who had received VAC treatment in the last five years were analyzed. The patients were classified into a simultaneous VAC placement group (11 patients) and a staged VAC placement group (13 patients) according to the timing of VAC placement when incision and drainage were performed.Results: No differences in baseline characteristics were found between the two groups. All patients in the two groups survived and recovered. The hospitalization duration (days), time to wound healing (days), number of debridement procedures, and disease course (days) in the simultaneous VAC placement group and staged VAC placement group were 10 (4– 18) and 22 (8– 35), 21 (4– 39) and 50 (9– 86), one (1– 2) and two (1– 4), and 31.5 (11– 49) and 56 (19– 98), respectively. The results in the simultaneous VAC placement group were better than those in the staged VAC placement group (P = 0.001, 0.016, 0.045, and 0.016, respectively). The numbers of VAC sponge changes in the simultaneous VAC placement group and staged VAC placement group were two (1– 2) and two (1– 4), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.336).Conclusion: Simultaneous VAC placement during incision and drainage may shorten the wound healing time, hospitalization duration, and disease course and may reduce the number of debridement procedures.Keywords: deep neck multiple-space infections, DNMIs, necrotizing fasciitis, surgical treatment, negative pressure wound therapy

OBJECTIVE Microtia can profoundly influence health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial status of children and adolescents with unilateral and bilateral microtia before reconstruction surgery. METHODS Eighty-six patients with microtia from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (54 with unilateral microtia and 32 with bilateral microtia) responded to structured interviews before reconstruction surgery. The 3 clinically validated questionnaires were the Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS), the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC), and the Children's Loneliness Scale (CLS). Scores from the PHCSS and SASC were compared with Chinese norms. The total scores of the unilateral and bilateral groups were compared for all three questionnaires. RESULTS Males with unilateral and bilateral microtia had significantly different PHSCC scores than norms (both P

A new method was presented for preparing (co-)polyethylene with broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) and high molecular weight employed by the novel heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts via one-pot strategy. The preparation of these catalysts involved the introduction of alkoxy silane compounds as electron donors. The influences of the electron donors structure, as well as polymerization conditions such as temperature, molar ratio of Al/Ti, ethylene pressure and the concentration of 1-hexene in feed on the polymerization performance for ethylene (co-)polymerization, were investigated. The morphology of the catalyst particles was characterized by SEM and Ti content of these catalysts was characterized by ICP. The GPC results showed that the obtained homopolyethylene and ethylene/1-hexene copolymer had the widest molecular weight distribution up to ca 50 when diethoxy-isopropoxy-(t–butoxy)-silane (ED3) was used as internal electron donor. The 13 C NMR and FT-IR analysis indicated that these catalysts efficiently catalyzed the copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene.

The copolymerization of styrene with ethyl- ene was promoted by CpTiCl3/BDGE/Zn/MAO catalyst system combining free radical polymerization with coordi- nation polymerization via sequential monomer addition strategy in one-pot. The effect of polymerization condi- tions such as temperature, time, ethylene pressure, and Al/Ti molar ratio on the polymerization performance was investigated. The hydroxy-functionalized aPS-b-random copolymer-b-PE triblock copolymer was obtained by sol- vent extraction and determined by GPC, DSC, WAXD, and 13 C-NMR. The DSC result indicated that the aPS-b- random copolymer-b-PE had a Tg at 87 � C and a Tm at 119 � C which attributed to the Tg of aPS segment and the Tm of PE segment, respectively. The microstructure of the hydroxy-functionalized aPS-b-random copolymer-b-PE was further confirmed by WAXD, 13 C-NMR, and 1 H-NMR analysis; and these results demonstrated that the obtained block copolymer consisted of aPS segment, S-E random co- polymer segment, and crystalline PE segment. The connec- tion polymerization of the hydroxy-functionalized aPS with random copolymer-b-PE was revealed by GPC results. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 3171-3179, 2011

The star-shaped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was synthesized via radical polymerization promoted by metallocene complexes in the presence of initiator of tetra(2,3-epoxy propoxy)silane (Is) and reducing agent Zn. The effect of temperature, time, molar ratio of monomer to initiator, and the structure of metallocene complexes on the polymerization performance was investigated. The structure and properties of the obtained polymer were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, multiangle laser light scattering, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and WAXD. The results indicated that the obtained polymer was atacticspecific and featured narrow molecular weight distribution (1.30–1.57). Star-shaped organosiloxane-functionalized PMMA was produced. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011

Comparison with the conventional Ziegler–Natta catalyst TiCl4/MgCl2 (I), the modified supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts (iso-PentylO)TiCl3/MgCl2 (II) and (BzO)TiCl3/MgCl2 (III) were prepared as efficient catalysts for copolymerization of ethylene with 1-octene. The complexes (II) and (III) were desirable for the production of random ethylene/1-octene copolymers coupled with higher molecular weight, higher comonomer incorporation within copolymer chain and good yield even at high temperature 80 °C and fairly low Al/Ti molar ratio of 100. The effects of catalysts ligands, Al/Ti molar ratio, polymerization temperature, as well as concentration of 1-octene on the catalytic activity, molecular weight and microstructure of the copolymer were investigated in detail. The structure and properties of the copolymers were characterized with 13C NMR, GPC, DSC and WAXD. The kinetic results also indicate that these catalysts (II) and (III) show higher catalytic activity and the produced polymers feature higher molecular weight, because of lower ratio of Ktrm/Kp and Ktra/Kp, and higher ratio of Ktra/Ktrm which indicates that chain transfer to cocatalyst is predominant.

We introduce individual bias to the simulation model of exploration and exploitation and examine the joint effects of individual bias and other parameters, aiming to answer two questions: First, whether reducing individual bias can increase organizational objectivity? Second, whether measures, such as increasing organization size, can increase organizational objectivity in the presence of individual bias? Our results show that individual bias has both positive and negative effects, and reducing individual bias may be not beneficial when organization size is large or environment is turbulent. Diverse knowledge resulting from large organization size can help avoid the negative effects of individual bias when the bias is strong enough so that the individuals who are less limited by bias can be distinguished as the source of learning. Our results also suggest that increasing interpersonal learning, decreasing learning from the organization, task complexity, and environmental turbulence, and maintaining personnel turnover can improve organizational objectivity in the presence of individual bias.