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The role assigned to women in history has long been controversial, and the controversy remains to this day. Feminist artists have accompanied several waves of feminism and have been fighting for more equal rights in art for feminist art. Although after several waves of feminism, the status of female artists in the art world has increased significantly. However, there are some female artists who divide themselves from feminist art. Such behavior has brought discontent to many feminist strugglers. Tracey Emin, one of the most controversial artists in British contemporary art, has not escaped the attention of feminist critics. In this study, feminist art historical theories are used to analyze the reasons for Tracey Emin's controversy. This study also looks at Emin's history with feminism, as well as her individualist, populist, and conservative tendencies, which are the key reasons for feminist critics' critique. This way of exploration is intended to better help people to view the artist's artwork rationally and from a different perspective, rather than to deepen prejudices against the artist.

To promote the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), its theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE) and high stability, elaborative defect passivation, and interfacial engineering at the molecular level are required to regulate the optoelectric properties and charge transporting process at the perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) interfaces. Herein, we introduce for the first time a multifunctional dipole polymer poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOz) between the perovskite and Spiro-OMeTAD HTL in planar n-i-p PSCs, which advances the PSCs toward both high efficiency and excellent stability by stimulating three beneficial effects. First, the ether–oxygen unshared electron pairs in PEOz chemically react with unsaturated Pb2+ on the perovskite surfaces by forming a strong Pb–O bond, which effectively reduces the uncoordinated defects on the perovskite surfaces and enhances the absorption ability of the resulting PSCs. Second, the dipole induced by PEOz at the perovskite/HTL interface can decrease the HOMO and LUMO level of Spiro-OMeTAD and optimize the band alignment between these layers, thereby suppressing the interfacial recombination and accelerating the hole transport/extraction ability in the cell. Third, the hygroscopic PEOz thin film can protect perovskite film from water erosion by absorbing the water molecules before perovskite does. Finally, the PEOz-modified PSC exhibits an optimized PCE of 21.86%, with a high short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 24.88 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.79, and an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.11 V. The unencapsulated devices also deliver excellent operation stability over 300 h in an ambient atmosphere with a humidity of 30~40% and more than 10 h under thermal stress.

The N-terminal of xylanase from 11 family of glycoside hydrolases (GH11 xylanase) has an important effect on its thermostability and catalytic properties. Previous studies have unearthed five important residues located in the N-terminal and successfully improved the thermostability of several GH11 xylanases using amino acid substitutions. In the present study, we applied this tactic to construct a mutant of XynA from Streptomyces rameus L2001, XynAR, and studied its biochemical, catalytic and hydrolytic properties. The results showed that thermostability, acid tolerance as well as catalytic efficiency of XynAR significantly improved compared to those of XynA, while the hydrolytic characteristics changed. Computer simulation analysis showed that this tactic created new hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions in the N-terminal, resulting in decrease in the flexibility of N-terminal and surface electrostatic potential as well as a change in the profile of hydrogen bonds between the subsites and substrate in the cleft region of xylanase. This study showed that amino acid substitutions at the key sites of the N-terminal of GH11 xylanase can improve its thermostability and catalytic properties.

Polymers synthesized from green resources have many advantages in food packaging and hence their development is very important. Herein, starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibrous composite films were fabricated by electrospinning technology. Steam-induced cross-linking reaction with glutaraldehyde (GTA) and silver sodium zirconium phosphate (Ag-ZrP) was employed to improve the hydrophobic and antibacterial properties of the constructed nanofibrous films, respectively. The effects of starch/PVA ratio on the micro-morphology and mechanical properties of the binary composite film were investigated. The composite film showed optimal uniformity, bead-free electrospun nanofibers, with enhanced mechanical strength for the 60/40 (v/v) starch/PVA composite. Moreover, the crystallinity of PVA was reduced during the electrospinning process, whereas the introduction of PVA strengthened the hydrogen interactions and improved the thermal stability of the composite films. After the cross-linking with GTA, the starch/PVA films became more hydrophobic. Furthermore, the starch/PVA films embedded with Ag-ZrP had outstanding antibacterial property against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This work demonstrated the potential prospects of electrospun starch nanofibrous films in the food packaging field.

Background Postoperative C5 palsy is not an uncommon complication in patients who undergo expansive open-door laminoplasty. However, the etiology is unclear and likely multifactorial. Nerve root lesions and spinal cord lesions have been previously proposed theories. Purpose To investigate the anatomical mechanism of postoperative C5 palsy after cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty. Study design A dissection-based study of 8 embalmed human cadavers. Methods The anatomy was studied in 8 whole cervical cadavers (3 females, 5males), prepared with formaldehyde, whose ages at the time of death ranged from 54 to 78 years. Dissection was performed on the intervertebral foramen and spinal canal. In the C3-C7 of the cervical vertebra, the extraforaminal ligaments and the meningovertebral ligaments were observed. The length, width, and thickness of the ligaments were measured with a vernier caliper. After an expansive open-door laminoplasty was performed, the shape of the dural sac was changed, and displacement of the nerve root was observed. In addition, the lengths of the anterior rootlets were measured. This study has been supported by grants from Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (CN) (Grant No. 2017B020210010) without potential conflict of interest-associated biases in the text of the paper. Results One hundred seventy-seven extraforaminal ligaments were found to connect the spinal nerve to the surrounding structures. After an expansive open-door laminoplasty was performed, posterior distension of the dural sac, and movement of the spinal cord and nerve root were found. The spinal cord was closely attached to the ligamentum flavum by meningovertebral ligaments. In addition, the length of the C5 intradural rootlets (5.81-10.59 mm) was the shortest among the vulnerable segments. Conclusion Traction on and posterior movement of the extradural roots may be the main pathological mechanism of postoperative C5 palsy when expansive open-door laminoplasty is performed. The meningovertebral ligaments and EFLs might play an important role in the occurrence of postoperative C5 palsy. Clinical Significance This study provides clinicians with a more detailed understanding of the anatomic structure and potential mechanism of C5 palsy. Consideration of the meningovertebral ligaments and the intervertebral foramen may provide new directions for reducing the incidence of this complication.

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was an imbalance in different provinces of China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV infection and evaluate the prophylactic measures in a public hospital of northeast China over the preceding 13 years. A total of 13,948 patients in 2004 and 15,256 patients in 2017 of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were tested of serum HBsAg, HBeAg, HBsAb, HBeAb, and HBcAb levels with Abbott MEIA Kits. In people born before 1992, HBsAg-positive rate was 5.45% and 6.47%; isolated HBsAb positive rate was 14.62% and 21.24%; HBV marker negative rate was 54.27% and 42.77% in 2004 and 2017 survey, respectively. The males had a significant higher HBsAg-positive rate than the females. In people born during 1992-2004, HBsAg positive rate was 0.58% and 0.57%, isolated HBsAb positive rate was 41.47% and 46.57%; and HBV marker negative rate was 51.97% and 46.86% in 2004 and 2017 survey, respectively. Males and females had no difference of HBsAg-positive rate. In children born after 2005, HBsAg positive rate was 0.11%, isolated HBsAb positive rate was 76.68%, and HBV marker negative rate was 18.51% in 2017 survey. No difference of HBsAg-positive rate was found between the genders. A dramatic decrease of HBsAg positive rate and a progressive increase of HBsAb-positive rate were found among people born after 1992 and progressed further in those born after 2005. Immunization of infants and timely birth dose was the key method for prevention of HBV infection. Expanded HB vaccination would be needed for people born before 2005, especially those born between 1992 and 2004.

openaire: EC/H2020/861145/EU//BeMAGIC Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 861145. The work was supported by the Academy of Finland (Grant Nos. 317918 and 325480), JST CREST under Grant No. JPMJCR18J1, and JSPS KAKENHI under Grant No. 21H04614. Lithography was performed at the OtaNano—Micronova Nanofabrication Centre of Aalto University. Computational resources were provided by the Aalto Science-IT project. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Author(s). We report zero-field routing of spin waves in a multiferroic heterostructure comprising a ferromagnetic Fe film and a ferroelectric BaTiO3 substrate with fully correlated strain-coupled domains. In the Fe film, a regular alternation of magnetic anisotropy produces a back-and-forth rotation of uniform magnetization in zero magnetic field. Spin waves propagating across this domain structure are refracted at the magnetic domain walls because of abrupt changes in the dispersion relation and phase velocity. Using super-Nyquist sampling magneto-optical Kerr effect microscopy, we image the routing of spin waves and analyze the dependence of the effect on frequency and the propagation direction. We find that spin waves are routed efficiently by angles up to 60° without measurable loss in amplitude. The experimental results are reproduced by micromagnetic simulations and calculations based on the modified Snell's law for magnonics.

Pseudoaneurysms of the lumbar arteries following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) are rare postoperative complications that usually occur around the transverse process. However, there are few detailed descriptions of the transverse branch and other branches of the dorsal branches at the L1-L4 disks.Ten adult embalmed cadavers were anatomically studied.The purposes of the study were to describe the vascular distribution of the dorsal branches, especially the transverse branches, at the L1-L4 levels and provide information useful for TLIF.Ten embalmed cadavers studied after their arterial systems were injected with red latex. The quantity, origin, pathway, distribution range and diameter of the branches were recorded and photographed.The transverse branch appeared in all 80 intervertebral foramina. The transverse branch was divided into 2 types: In type 1, the arteries divided into superior branches and inferior branches; the arteries in type 2 divided into 3 branches (superior, intermedius and inferior branches).The transverse branches of the dorsal arteries are common structures from L1 to L4, and 2 types of transverse branches were found. A thorough understanding of the dorsal branches, especially the transverse branches of the lumbar artery, may be very important for reducing both intraoperative bleeding during the surgery and the occurrence of pseudoaneurysms after transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion.

The quad-tree plus binary-tree (QTBT) partition structures was adopted into the versatile video coding (VVC) standard. In the QTBT partition structure, a dual tree structure can be applied on intra slices where the partitioning structures for luminance and chrominance components are separate. The dual tree structure is efficient for camera captured videos. However, it may be not the case for screen content videos. Therefore, adaptive dual tree structure is proposed in this paper wherein the coding structure of each coding tree unit is switched between separate and joint coding structure to adapt the textures adaptively. The proposed scheme is implemented into the reference software of the VVC standard-VTM. Simulation results report that up to 4.5% BD bitrate saving can achieve on the typical screen content videos when compared to VTM5.

6080 Background: Alterations in RET are targetable oncogenic drivers in TC. Pralsetinib is a highly potent, selective RET inhibitor, with demonstrated efficacy in pts with RET-altered TC. In a previous analysis of the Phase I/II ARROW trial (NCT03037385; data cutoff: 22 May 2020), overall response rates [ORR; measurable-disease population] with pralsetinib at 400 mg once daily (QD) were 60% (33/55) and 71% (15/21) in pts with RET-mutant medullary TC ( RET-mutant MTC) who had received prior multikinase inhibitors cabozantinib and/or vandetanib (C/V), and those who were treatment naïve, respectively, and 89% (8/9) in pts with previously treated RET fusion-positive TC ( RET-fp TC). Here we report an updated analysis of these cohorts in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population. Methods: Adult pts with RET-altered locally advanced/metastatic TC who had enrolled in ARROW and initiated pralsetinib at 400 mg QD, were included. Phase II primary endpoints: ORR (by blinded independent central review, per RECIST v1.1) and safety. Efficacy endpoints for this analysis were assessed in the ITT population. Safety was assessed in all pts with RET-altered TC who initiated pralsetinib at 400 mg QD. Enrolment cutoff: 23 August 2020 for the ITT population; data cutoff: 12 April 2021. Results: The ITT population comprised 145 pts with RET-mutant MTC (with or without prior systemic therapy, including C/V) and 22 pts with RET-fp TC, 21 of whom had received prior systemic therapy (including multikinase inhibitor[s] and/or radioactive iodine). In pts with RET-mutant MTC who had received prior C/V (n = 67), ORR was 51% (34/67; 95% CI 38–63; 2 complete responses [CR]; 32 partial responses [PR]), median duration of response (DoR) was 25.8 months (95% CI 18.0–not reached [NR]) and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 24.9 months (95% CI 19.7–31.2). In treatment-naïve pts with RET-mutant MTC, ORR was 72% (48/67; 95% CI 59–82; 4 CR; 44 PR), and median DoR and median PFS were not reached. In pts with previously treated RET-fp TC, ORR was 86% (18/21; 95% CI 64–97; 3 CR; 15 PR), median DoR was 17.5 months (95% CI 16.0–NR) and median PFS was 19.4 months (95% CI 13.0–NR). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached in any of the cohorts. The safety population comprised 172 pts with RET-altered TC treated at 400 mg QD. The most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were increased aspartate aminotransferase (n = 67; 39%), anemia (n = 60; 35%), hypertension (n = 57; 33%) and decreased white blood cell count (n = 52; 30%). Serious TRAEs were reported in 27 pts (16%); the most frequent was pneumonitis (n = 5; 3%). Nine pts (5%) discontinued pralsetinib due to a TRAE and one patient ( < 1%) died due to a TRAE ( pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia) following 44 days ( < 3 cycles) on pralsetinib. Conclusions: In this updated analysis including more pts, pralsetinib continues to be efficacious with a manageable safety profile in pts with RET-altered TC. Clinical trial information: NCT03037385.

9015 Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the 1st line standard of care for NSCLC patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations (Exon20ins), with anti-PD(L)1 frequently used as well. Here we present anti-tumor activity of sunvozertinib in these patients whose disease had progressed on these therapies from two ongoing phase 1/2 studies (WK-KONG1, NCT03974022 and WU-KONG2, CTR20192097). Based on these data, sunvozertinib was granted the Breakthrough Therapy Designation by both US FDA and China NMPA. Methods: The objective of this study is to characterize the safety and efficacy of sunvozertinib in platinum-pretreated advanced NSCLC patients harboring EGFR Exon20ins, with or without anti-PD(L1) treatment. In addition, the effect of prior treatment on sunvozertinib’s safety and efficacy were explored. Results: As of July 30, 2021, a total of 52 locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients harboring EGFR Exon20ins post platinum treatment were enrolled into WU-KONG1 and WU-KONG2 studies, and included in the efficacy analysis set (dose range: 50 mg to 400 mg, once daily). Male/Female: 21/31; Median age 59; Asian/White: 44/8; Prior therapies: median 2.5 (range 1-10); 31% received prior anti-PD(L)1 treatment (all in £ 300 mg cohorts); 40% of the subjects with baseline brain metastasis. Partial response was observed at ≥ 100 mg. At the dose level of 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg, confirmed ORR was 50% (1/2), 55.6 % (5/9), 44.8% (13/29) and 22.2% (2/9), respectively. With a median follow-up time of 10.5 months, median DoR was not reached for 200 mg cohort; with a median follow-up of 7 months, median DoR of 300 mg group was 5.6 months. Progression free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months for 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg cohorts was 50%, 53.3%, 44.6% and 44.4%, respectively. In patients with/without prior anti-PD(L)1 treatment, comparable efficacy and safety profiles were observed. Conclusions: The data suggest sunvozertinib is active in platinum-pretreated patients with EGFR Exon20ins, irrespective of prior or after anti-PD(L)1 treatment. The updated data will be presented at the meeting. Sunvozertinib is currently in phase 2 pivotal clinical development (NCT03974022 and China CTR20211009). Clinical trial information: NCT03974022.

Background and objectivesThe periarticular sacroiliac joint (SIJ) technique has become an important area of focus, and the quartering of the SIJ posterior ligamentous region has been proposed as a way to refine this technique. However, detailed nerve distribution combined with the division of the SIJ posterior ligamentous region is lacking. We aimed to explore the innervation of the SIJ posteriorly based on the quartering of the SIJ posterior ligamentous region.MethodsSixteen SIJs from eight embalmed cadavers were studied. Each SIJ posterior ligamentous region was equally divided into areas 0–3 from top to bottom. The origin, distribution, quantity, transverse diameter, spatial orientation, relation with bony structures, and the number of identifiable terminal nerve branches in each area were examined.ResultsAreas 0–1 were innervated by the lateral branches of the dorsal rami of L4−L5 directly in all specimens. Areas 2–3 were innervated by that of both lumbar and sacral nerves via the posterior sacral network (PSN), with L5 contributing to the PSN in all specimens and L4 in 68.75%. The number of identifiable terminal nerve branches were significantly higher in areas 2–3 than in areas 0–1.ConclusionsThe inferior part of the SIJ posterior ligamentous region seems to be the main source of SIJ-related pain and is innervated by lumbar and sacral nerves via the PSN. However, the superior part directly innervated by lumbar nerves should not be neglected, and further clinical verification is needed.

International audience; Dynamic covalent polymers-dynamers-are adaptive materials that offer timely variant adaptive macroscopic organization across extended scales. In the current study, imine exchange reactions and fluorescence transfer can occur at the interfaces between various solutions and solid state dynameric films. The fluorescence quenching upon imine formations for designed fluorogen was successfully demonstrated, and this tunable fluorescence was further used to study the re-composition of a solid film. Moreover, the dynamic covalent films also exhibited responsiveness to competing amines and acid/ base conditions, both in solutions and solid film-solution interface. This work can provide more insights into interface dynamic chemistry and holds great potential for further applications in optical and biomedical materials.

109 Background: RET gene fusions are targetable oncogenic drivers in multiple tumor types, including up to 20% of papillary thyroid cancers (PTC). Pralsetinib is an investigational, highly potent, selective inhibitor of oncogenic RET alterations. In the registration-enabling Phase 1/2 ARROW study (NCT03037385), pralsetinib demonstrated an overall response rate (ORR; response-evaluable patients [REP], central review) of 73% (19/26) in treatment-naïve patients and 61% (49/80; 2 pending confirmation) in platinum-exposed patients with RET fusion+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and was well tolerated (data cut-off November 18, 2019). We provide an update on the clinical activity of pralsetinib in other RET fusion+ solid tumor types. Methods: ARROW consists of a phase 1 dose escalation (30–600 mg once [QD] or twice daily) followed by a phase 2 expansion (400 mg QD) in patients with advanced RET-altered solid tumors. Primary objectives were ORR and safety. Results: As of November 18, 2019, 29 patients with metastatic solid tumor types other than NSCLC (16 PTC, 1 undifferentiated thyroid, 3 pancreatic, 3 colon, 6 other) bearing a RET fusion have received pralsetinib. Efficacy data are presented for REP enrolled by July 11, 2019. In patients with thyroid cancer that is RET fusion+, ORR (investigator assessment) was 75% (9/12; all confirmed). Median (range) duration of response (DOR) was 14.5 (3.7+, 16.8) months (mo), with 67% of responding patients continuing treatment. Two patients with stable disease were continuing treatment at 11.5+ and 19.3+ mo. In other RET fusion+ cancers, ORR was 60% (3/5; all confirmed) with partial responses in 2/2 patients with pancreatic cancer (DOR 5.5, 7.4+ mo) and 1 patient with intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (DOR 7.5 mo). Two patients with colon cancer had stable disease for 7.3 and 9.3 mo. Responses were observed across multiple fusion genotypes. In the entire safety population (all patients treated with 400 mg QD pralsetinib, regardless of diagnosis; n = 354), most treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were grade 1-2, and included increased aspartate aminotransferase (31%), anemia (22%), increased alanine aminotransferase (21%), constipation (21%) and hypertension (20%). Only 4% of patients in the safety population discontinued due to TRAEs. Conclusions: Pralsetinib demonstrated broad and durable antitumor activity across multiple advanced solid tumor types, regardless of RET fusion genotype, and was well tolerated. The study is ongoing and still enrolling patients in this cohort. Clinical trial information: NCT03037385.

The joint collaborative team on video coding has been developing an emerging standard for screen content coding (SCC) as an extension of HEVC known as HEVC-SCC. Intrablock copy (IBC) and palette coding are the two powerful coding tools adopted into HEVC-SCC. In this paper, a novel coding tool named inter-palette coding is proposed, which takes the advantages of both IBC and palette coding. With the inter-palette method, a new palette copy mode COPY_INTER can be applied, which enables the index samples to copy the pixels in the prediction block fetched by IBC or motion compensation. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve 3.15% BD-rate savings under all intra conditions on typical sequences containing “text and graphics with motion” averagely, with almost no complexity penalty.

The Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) has been developing an emerging standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC), which includes screen contents as one of its requirements. Intra block copy (IBC) and palette coding are the two powerful coding tools for screen content coding. In this paper, a compound palette mode is proposed to exploit the advantages of both IBC and palette coding, which allows samples to be reconstructed by either IBC predictions or palette entries. The proposed method is evaluated with VVC reference software VTM4 on typical sequences containing "text and graphics with motion". Experimental results report significant coding gain that the proposed scheme can achieve 7.80% and 1.03% BD-rate savings under AI conditions on average when compared with VTM4 and the existing palette scheme.

With the rapid development of information technology in geo-engineering, smart management of infrastructure is becoming a trend. According to digitization techniques, integrated construction and maintenance of infrastructure, this paper is aimed to build an automated dynamic monitoring analysis system of braced excavation to realize intelligent management based on Infrastructure Smart Service System (iS3). First, the improved KJHH model is established to be suitable for the specified soft soil area by considering the system stiffness \( EI /\gamma_{w} h_{avg}^{ 4} \) into Bayes back analysis. Second, based on the improved KJHH model, an automated dynamic monitoring analysis system can make visualization of excavation, use Bayesian methodology to update stratum parameters based on remote monitoring data, and make predictions of wall deflection and ground settlement. Finally, the applicability of automated dynamic monitoring analysis system was verified by the foundation project of Qiubi station of Ningbo metro line 3. It can provide a more reliable and effective way for safety analysis and risk pre-warning in the excavation engineering.

9049 Background: ROS1 fusions are oncogenic drivers in various cancers types, including 1-3% of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Immunotherapy approvals for NSCLC include ROS1-rearranged carcinomas, but the activity of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy (chemo-ICI) therapy, as well as the immunophenotypic characteristics of these tumors, have not been described in a large data set. Methods: In this multi-institutional study, patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC were identified retrospectively. Tumor PD-L1 expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB) were assessed as part of routine clinical care. In patients who received ICI monotherapy or chemo-ICI in the metastatic setting, time to treatment discontinuation (TTD) and objective response rate (ORR; RECIST v. 1.1) were calculated. TTD was assessed with Kaplan-Meier methods; patients remaining on treatment were censored at last follow up. Results: 184 patients with ROS1-rearranged NSCLC were identified. Among 146 PD-L1 evaluable cases, PD-L1 expression was < 1% in 60 (41%), 1-49% in 35 (24%) and ≥50% in 51 (35%) tumors. Ninety-two of 100 (92%) TMB-evaluable tumors had < 10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb). TMB was significantly lower for ROS1-rearranged NSCLCs (n = 97) vs. ROS1-wild type tumors (n = 5,380) evaluated with next-generation sequencing using MSK-IMPACT (median 2.6 vs. 5.9 mut/Mb, p < 0.001). Twenty-eight patients received ICI monotherapy and 11 patients received chemo-ICI. The median TTD was 2.1 months (95% CI: 1.0-4.2; n = 28) for single-agent ICI therapy and 10 months (95% CI: 4.7-14.1; n = 11) for chemo-ICI therapy. The ORR was 13% (2/16 RECIST-evaluable; 95% CI: 2-38%) for ICI monotherapy and 83% (5/6 RECIST-evaluable; 95% CI: 36-100%) for chemo-ICI therapy. There was no difference in PD-L1 tumor expression (p = 0.9) or TMB (p = 0.8) between responders and non-responders and no correlation between PD-L1 tumor expression (rho = 0.16, p = 0.6) or TMB (rho = 0.03, p = 0.9) and maximum change in sum of target lesions. Conclusions: Most ROS1-rearranged NSCLCs have low or no PD-L1 expression and low TMB. The activity of checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy is disappointing in ROS1-driven NSCLC. In contrast, combination chemoimmunotherapy can achieve clinically meaningful activity.

Palette mode and intra block copy are two new coding tools that have been adopted in the screen content coding extensions of high efficiency video Ccoding (HEVC SCC). Palette mode can represent color clusters for screen content efficiently. Intra block copy (IBC) facilitates block prediction within the same frame. Both tools have demonstrated promising benefits for screen content coding. In addition to HEVC SCC, this paper introduces five new coding techniques to enhance palette mode or IBC: transition copy, prediction across coding unit boundary, advanced motion vector coding, modified temporal merge candidate derivation, and new default IBC merge candidates. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques can achieve 5.4%, 5.2%, and 4.9% BD-rate savings compared with HEVC SCC for “YUV, text & graphics with motion, 1080p & 720p sequences” under all intra, random access, and low-delay B common test conditions, respectively.

By considering the increasing importance of screen contents, the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard includes screen content coding as one of its requirements. In this paper, we demonstrate that enabling frame level block searching in HEVC can significantly improve coding efficiency on screen contents. We propose a hash-based block matching scheme for the intra block copy mode and the motion estimation process, which enables frame level block searching in HEVC without changing the HEVC syntaxes. In the proposed scheme, the blocks sharing the same hash values with the current block are selected as prediction candidates. Then the hash-based block selection is employed to select the best candidates. To achieve the best coding efficiency, the rate distortion optimization is further employed to improve the proposed scheme by balancing the coding cost of motion vectors and prediction difference. Compared with HEVC, the proposed scheme achieves 21% and 37% bitrate saving with all intra and low delay configurations with encoding time reduction . Up to 59% bitrate saving can be achieved on sequences with large motions.