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Abstract The sparsity problem remains a significant bottleneck for recommendation systems. In recent years, deep matrix factorization has shown promising results in mitigating this issue. Furthermore, many works have improved the prediction accuracy of deep matrix factorization by incorporating the user’s and/or items’ auxiliary information. However, there are still two remaining drawbacks that need to be addressed. First, the initialization of latent feature representations has a substantial impact on the performance of deep matrix factorization, and most current models utilize a uniform approach to this initialization, constraining the model’s optimization potential. Secondly, many existing recommendation models lack versatility and efficiency in transferring auxiliary information from users or items to expand the feature space. This paper proposes a novel model to address the issues mentioned above. By using a semi-autoencoder, the pre-trained initialization of the latent feature representation is realized in this paper. Simultaneously, this model assimilates auxiliary information, like item attributes or rating matrices from diverse domains, to generate their latent feature representations. These representations are then transferred to the target task through subspace projection distance. With this, this model can utilize auxiliary information from various sources more efficiently and this model has better versatility. This is called deep matrix factorization via feature subspace transfer. Numerical experiments on several real-world data show the improvement of this method compared with state-of-the-art methods of introducing auxiliary information about items. Compared with the deep matrix factorization model, the proposed model can achieve 6.5% improvement at most in the mean absolute error and root mean square error.

The full-grouted sleeve connection (FGSC) is widely used in prefabricated structural connections, but the complexity of the grouting process often leads to defects, primarily grouting voids. The mechanical properties of FGSCs with these defects under fire exposure are not well understood. This study examines 144 FGSCs with various grouting voids exposed to specific temperatures before cooling to room temperature for static tensile testing. Key parameters include defect type, volume defect rates, and temperature. The study identifies two primary failure modes: rebar tensile and pull-out failures, influenced by void size, distribution, and temperature. Below 300 °C, tensile failure occurs when the defect rate is ≤0.05; above this rate, pull-out failure dominates. Above 300 °C, all specimens exhibit pull-out failure. Specimens with concentrated voids show lower bearing capacities. The research provides a bond stress-slip constitutive model for FGSCs and a fitting formula for characteristic points. A neural network model predicts the ultimate bond stress based on defect type, volume defect rate, temperature, and grouting material strength, with sensitivity analysis indicating the volume defect rate as a critical factor. This work offers a comprehensive theoretical foundation for studying the impact of grouting defects on FGSCs' post-fire mechanical properties.

In vertebrates, Y-box proteins play a pivotal role in stress regulation. In this study, we cloned two Y-box genes (YB-1 and YB-2) from the cold-water fish, Amur minnow (Phoxinus lagowskii). Our findings showed that the full-length AmYB-1 and AmYB-2 genes encode proteins with a length of 324 and 297 amino acids, respectively, and are highly homologous to the YB-1 and YB-2 genes of other freshwater fish. AmYB-1 and AmYB-2 are expressed extensively throughout the body in P. lagowskii, AmYB-1 expression is the highest in the muscle and liver tissues, and AmYB-2 mRNA expression is the highest in the testis, ovary, and muscle tissues. The expression of AmYB-1 and AmYB-2 in the liver reached its peak at 24 h after cold stress, both at the mRNA and protein levels. In muscle tissues, the expression of AmYB-1 did not significantly differ between groups. However, the expression of AmYB-2 was significantly higher in the 3 h group than in the control, 6 h, and 24 h groups. We confirmed that AmYB-1 overexpression and knockdown could up-regulate and down-regulate, respectively, the mRNA levels of cell proliferation-related genes, including EGF (epidermal growth factor), MMP13 (matrix metalloproteinase-13), and β-catenin. This study is the first to focus on the functions of YB-1 and YB-2 in P. lagowskii during exposure to cold stress. Our findings provide key information that could guide other studies on cold tolerance in fish.

Preschool teachers’ teaching innovation is an important factor in enhancing teaching quality and improving children’s creativity. Based on ecological systems theory and self-determination theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between kindergartens’ organizational climate and preschool teachers’ teaching innovation and the mediating role of teaching efficacy in it. In this study, an online questionnaire was distributed to 2092 preschool teachers from different provinces using an Organizational Climate Scale, Teaching Efficacy Scale, and Teaching Innovation Scale. The study used SPSS 25.0 software and the SPSS PROCESS macro program for data processing. The results showed that there was a positive correlation among kindergartens’ organizational climate, teaching efficacy, and teaching innovation, and that kindergartens’ organizational climate not only directly and positively predicted teaching innovation, but also indirectly predicted teaching innovation through the mediating role of teaching efficacy. The study explored the internal and external influences on preschool teachers’ teaching innovation and revealed their underlying mechanisms, providing theoretical support for research and educational practice on preschool teachers’ teaching innovation and children’s creativity.

IntroductionThe intestinal tract of animals is a complex and dynamic microecosystem that is inextricably linked to the health of the host organism. Takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a threatened species, and its gut microbiome is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the microbial community structure and potential pathogens of takin.MethodsTakin fecal samples were collected from five sites in a nature reserve to ensure the uniformity of sample collection, determine the effects of different geographical locations on gut microbes, and analyze the differences in microbial communities between sites. Subsequently, high-throughput 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze the microbial diversity and potential pathogens in the gut; the findings were verified by isolating and culturing bacteria and metagenomic sequencing.Results and discussionThe takin gut microflora consisted mainly of four phyla: Firmicutes (69.72%), Bacteroidota (13.55%), Proteobacteria (9.02%), and Verrucomicrobiota (3.77%), representing 96.07% of all microorganisms. The main genera were UCG-005 (20.25%), UCG-010_unclassified (12.35%), Firmicus_unclassified (4.03%), and Rumino coccsea_unclassified (3.49%), while the main species were assigned to Bacteria_unclassified. Potential pathogens were also detected, which could be used as a reference for the protection of takin. Pseudomonas presented the highest abundance at Shuichiping and may represent the main pathogen responsible for the death of takin at the site. This study provides an important reference for investigating the composition of the bacterial community in the intestine of takin.

Increased stiffness of tissues has been recognised as a diagnostic feature of pathologies. Tissue stiffness characterisation usually involves the detection of tissue response from mechanical stimulation. Air-puff optical coherence elastography (OCE) can generate impulse surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on tissue surface without contact and evaluate the mechanical properties of tissue. This study endeavours to explore the optimal excitation angle for air-puff OCE, a parameter that lacks standardisation at present, by investigating the relationship between the frequency bandwidth and peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of SAWs for different excitation angles (relative to the normal surface) of air-puff on the sample, from 5° to 85°, with an interval of 5° applied on the phantom. Due to the unevenness of human hands, 20°, 45° and 70° angles were employed for human skin (10 healthy adults). The results show that a smaller excitation angle could produce higher wave frequency bandwidth; a 5° angle generated an SAW with 1747 Hz frequency bandwidth, while an 85° angle produced an SAW with 1205 Hz. Significant differences were not shown in peak-to-peak SNR comparison between 5° and 65° on the phantom, but between 65° and 85° at the excitation position, a reduction of 48.6% was observed. Furthermore, the group velocity of the SAWs was used to evaluate the bulk Young’s modulus of the human tissue. The outcomes could provide essential guidance for air-puff-based elastography studies in clinical applications and future tissue research.

Candida albicans seriously threatens human health, especially for immunosuppressed groups. The antifungal agents mainly include azoles, polyenes and echinocandins. However, the few types of existing antifungal drugs and their resistance make it necessary to develop new antifungal drugs. Bacillus and its metabolites has antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi. This review introduces the application of Bacillus metabolites in the control of C. albicans in recent years. Firstly, several compounds produced by Bacillus spp. are listed. Then the isolation and identification techniques of Bacillus metabolites in recent years are described, including high-precision separation technology and omics technology for the separation of similar components of Bacillus metabolites. The mechanisms of Bacillus metabolites against C. albicans are distinguished from the inhibition of pathogenic fungi and inhibition of the fungal virulence factors. The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the recent studies on the inhibition of pathogenic fungi by Bacillus metabolites. The review is expected to become the reference for the control of pathogenic fungi such as C. albicans and the application of Bacillus metabolites in the future.

Left-behind children seem to be more sensitive in interpersonal communication, find it more difficult to establish a stable, safe relationship with surrounding people, and have fewer positive coping styles when encountering problems, thus the aim of the present study was to explore the association between left-behind experiences and cyberbullying behavior among Chinese college students through the mediation of sense of security and the moderation of gender. A questionnaire survey comprised 553 college students with left-behind experiences and 526 college students without such experiences. The results showed that, firstly, cyberbullying behavior was significantly higher in college students with left-behind experiences than those without such experiences; secondly, left-behind experiences and cyberbullying behavior in college students was partially mediated by a sense of security; and finally, that gender moderated the mediation of the sense of security between left-behind experiences and cyberbullying behavior. This study suggests the family environment is important for individual growth and illustrates how the influence of childhood left-behind experience persists in individuals.

Lyman-break galaxy (LBG) candidates at z ≳ 10 are rapidly being identified in James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam observations. Due to the (redshifted) break produced by neutral hydrogen absorption of rest-frame UV photons, these sources are expected to drop out in the bluer filters while being well detected in redder filters. However, here we show that dust-enshrouded star-forming galaxies at lower redshifts ( z ≲ 7) may also mimic the near-infrared (near-IR) colors of z > 10 LBGs, representing potential contaminants in LBG candidate samples. First, we analyze CEERS-DSFG-1, a NIRCam dropout undetected in the F115W and F150W filters but detected at longer wavelengths. Combining the JWST data with (sub)millimeter constraints, including deep NOEMA interferometric observations, we show that this source is a dusty star-forming galaxy (DSFG) at z ≈ 5.1. We also present a tentative 2.6 σ SCUBA-2 detection at 850 μ m around a recently identified z ≈ 16 LBG candidate in the same field and show that, if the emission is real and associated with this candidate, the available photometry is consistent with a z ∼ 5 dusty galaxy with strong nebular emission lines despite its blue near-IR colors. Further observations on this candidate are imperative to mitigate the low confidence of this tentative submillimeter emission and its positional uncertainty. Our analysis shows that robust (sub)millimeter detections of NIRCam dropout galaxies likely imply z ∼ 4–6 redshift solutions, where the observed near-IR break would be the result of a strong rest-frame optical Balmer break combined with high dust attenuation and strong nebular line emission, rather than the rest-frame UV Lyman break. This provides evidence that DSFGs may contaminate searches for ultra-high redshift LBG candidates from JWST observations.

Stellar bars are key drivers of secular evolution in galaxies and can be effectively studied using rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) images, which trace the underlying stellar mass and are less impacted by dust and star formation than rest-frame UV or optical images. We leverage the power of JWST CEERS NIRCam images to present the first quantitative identification and characterization of stellar bars at z > 1 based on rest-frame NIR F444W images of high resolution (∼1.3 kpc at z ∼ 1–3). We identify stellar bars in these images using quantitative criteria based on ellipse fits. For this pilot study, we present six examples of robustly identified bars at z > 1 with spectroscopic redshifts, including the two highest-redshift bars at z ∼ 2.136 and 2.312 quantitatively identified and characterized to date. The stellar bars at z ∼ 1.1–2.3 presented in our study have projected semimajor axes of ∼2.9–4.3 kpc and projected ellipticities of ∼0.41–0.53 in the rest-frame NIR. The barred host galaxies have stellar masses ∼1 × 10 ^10 to 2 × 10 ^11 M _⊙ and star formation rates of ∼21–295 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , and several have potential nearby companions. Our finding of bars at z ∼ 1.1–2.3 demonstrates the early onset of such instabilities and supports simulations where bars form early in massive dynamically cold disks. It also suggests that if these bars at lookback times of 8–11 Gyr survive out to present epochs, bar-driven secular processes may operate over a long time and have a significant impact on some galaxies by z ∼ 0.

The new capabilities that JWST offers in the near- and mid-infrared (IR) are used to investigate in unprecedented detail the nature of optical/near-IR-faint, mid-IR-bright sources, with HST-dark galaxies among them. We gather JWST data from the CEERS survey in the Extended Groth Strip, jointly with HST data, and analyze spatially resolved optical-to-mid-IR spectral energy distributions to estimate photometric redshifts in two dimensions and stellar population properties on a pixel-by-pixel basis for red galaxies detected by NIRCam. We select 138 galaxies with F150W − F356W > 1.5 mag and F356W < 27.5 mag. The nature of these sources is threefold: (1) 71% are dusty star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at 2 < z < 6 with $9\lt \mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\lt 11$ and a variety of specific SFRs (100 Gyr ^−1 ); (2) 18% are quiescent/dormant (i.e., subject to reignition/rejuvenation) galaxies (QGs) at 3 < z < 5, with $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\sim 10$ and poststarburst mass-weighted ages (0.5–1.0 Gyr); and (3) 11% are strong young starbursts with indications of high equivalent width emission lines (typically, [O iii ]+H β ) at 6 < z < 7 (XELG- z 6) and $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot }\sim 9.5$ . The sample is dominated by disk-like galaxies with remarkable compactness for XELG- z 6 (effective radii smaller than 0.4 kpc). Large attenuations in SFGs, 2 < A ( V ) < 5 mag, are found within 1.5 times the effective radius, approximately 2 kpc, while QGs present A ( V ) ∼ 0.2 mag. Our SED-fitting technique reproduces the expected dust emission luminosities of IR-bright and submillimeter galaxies. This study implies high levels of star formation activity between z ∼ 20 and z ∼ 10, where virtually 100% of our galaxies had already formed 10 ^8 M _⊙ , 60% had assembled 10 ^9 M _⊙ , and 10% up to 10 ^10 M _⊙ (in situ or ex situ).

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a neoplasm arising from B cells characterized by the presence of Reed-Steenberg cells. Primary extranodal presentation is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all HL cases. In addition, the orbit is an uncommon site of extranodal HL, with only 9 cases reported in the literature. We present a case of an 84-year-old male who presented with right eye ptosis. He was diagnosed with stage IIE Orbital HL and treated with combined modalities of radiation and chemotherapy. He continues to be in complete remission after 1 year of therapy. Hodgkin’s disease has an excellent prognosis, and recent data show it is curable in at least 80% of the patients. Extranodal involvement represents systemic dissemination of Hodgkin’s disease in most cases and is usually considered an advanced-stage disease with a poor prognosis. In rare circumstances, extranodal involvement can be the primary manifestation. Unfortunately, there are only a few case reports and case series regarding this topic. We attempt to add another case to the literature emphasizing the prognosis and outcome of primary extranodal HL.

In the realm of civil engineering, ultra-high-performance concrete-filled steel tube composite columns (UCFSTCs) constitute a new type of building material and structure, exhibiting high compressive strength and commendable durability. Given their promising characteristics, the prospects of their application are highly promising and are worthy of further exploration. However, current research has primarily focused on scaled-down specimens, thereby limiting a broader understanding of UCFSTCs’ full-scale mechanical properties in real-world scenarios. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical properties of full-scale UHPC-filled steel tube composite columns (FUCFSTCs) in practical engineering applications. With the steel tube strength, steel tube thickness, concrete strength, aspect ratio, and steel tube diameter used as design parameters and the finite element software ABAQUS as the analytical tool, a total of 21 FUCFSTCs were designed and analyzed. Through a comparison with experimental curves, the rationality of both the material constitutive model and finite element model was verified, and the maximum error was 6.54%. Furthermore, this study analyzed the influence of different design parameters on FUCFSTCs’ ultimate bearing capacity, ductility coefficient, and the stress–strain relationship of their concrete. The ductility coefficient remained around 1.3, and the cross-sectional size had the greatest impact on the bearing capacity of the composite column, with a maximum increase of 145.90%. Additionally, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of FUCFSTCs’ mechanical behavior, failure mode, and stress process under an axial load. In conclusion, this research proposes an axial compression limit bearing capacity formula for FUCFSTCs via statistical regression, with a maximum error of 3.04%, meeting engineering accuracy requirements. Consequently, this study lays a strong foundation for the future application of FUCFSTCs in practical engineering.

Abstract Mounting studies have substantiated that abrogating autophagy contributes to cardiac hypertrophy (CH). Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to support autophagy and inhibit CH. However, the upstream regulation mechanism behind the regulation of SIRT1 level in CH remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are vital modulators in diverse human diseases including CH. This study intended to investigate the regulatory mechanism of circRNA on SIRT1 expression in CH. CH model was established by angiotensin II (Ang II) fusion or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery and Ang II treatment on hiPSC-CMs and H9c2 cells in vitro. Our results showed that circ-SIRT1 (hsa_circ_0093884) expression was downregulated in Ang II-treated hiPSC-CMs, and confirmed that its conserved mouse homolog circ-Sirt1 (mmu_circ_0002354) was expressed at low levels in Ang II-treated H9c2 cells and TAC-induced mice model. Functionally, circ-SIRT1/circ-Sirt1 attenuated Ang II-induced CH and induced autophagy in hiPSC-CMs and H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, circ-SIRT1 could upregulate its host gene SIRT1 at the post-transcriptional level by sponging miR-3681-3p/miR-5195-3p and stabilized SIRT1 protein at the post-translational level by recruiting USP22 to induce deubiquitination on SIRT1 protein. Further, SIRT1 knockdown could rescue the effect of circ-SIRT1 upregulation on Ang II-induced CH and autophagy in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we first uncovered that circ-SIRT1 restrains CH via activating SIRT1 to promote autophagy, indicating circ-SIRT1 as a promising target to alleviate CH.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between job-related stress and township teachers’ professional well-being. Based on Job Demand-Resource Model, this study examined the mediating role of teachers’ professional identity and the moderating role of perceived organizational support in this relationship. A total of 24,276 township teachers in China responded to the Teacher Stress Scale, the Teachers’ Professional Identity Scale, the Teachers’ Professional Well-Being Structure Questionnaire, and the Perceived Organizational Support Scale. Results showed that: (1) the professional well-being of township teachers differed significantly in terms of school type and demographic characteristics like age and gender; (2) job-related stress negatively predicted township teachers’ professional well-being, with teachers’ professional identity playing a mediating role; (3) the relation between job-related stress and teachers’ professional identity was moderated by perceived organizational support; and (4) in the moderated mediation analysis, job-related stress positively predicted township teachers’ professional well-being. These findings indicated that township teachers’ professional well-being was influenced by both organizational and individual factors, which provided a theoretical basis and intervention pathways for improving township teachers’ professional well-being.

Next-generation skin-inspired electronics require enhanced mechanical robustness and device complexity including elasticity, solvent resistance, and facile patternability. Here, the authors show a molecular design concept that simultaneously achieves all these requirements by covalently linking an in-situ formed rubber matrix with polymer electronic materials.

Background: Glioma as the most frequently discovered tumor affecting the brain shows significant morbidity and fatality rates with unfavorable prognosis. There is an urgent need to find novel therapeutic targets to overcome the low chemotherapeutic efficacy of glioma. This research examined whether the copper-metabolism-domain protein, COMMD4, had predictive and therapeutic significance in glioma.Methods: Using the freely accessible CGGA (The Chinese Glioma Atlas) and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) databases, we examined the function of COMMD4 in GBM and LGG. CIBERSORT and TIMER were utilized to assess the associations between COMMD4 and immune cells. The Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was employed to examine the functional data. Furthermore, the link between COMMD4 expression and predicted treatment response was evaluated via CellMiner Cross-Database. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR was conducted to examine COMMD4 expression in human glioma. Finally, Migration and invasion of glioma cells (U-87, U-251) were assessed using transwell assays. R was used to analyze the statistical data.Results: According to our findings, COMMD4 expression level was higher in patients having grade-dependent glioma who also showed an unfavorable prognosis. Furthermore, qRT-PCR confirmed the high expression of COMMD4 in glioma tissues and cells. Additionally, using integrated correlation analysis, we acquired significant prognostic findings between isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1) and COMMD4. Meanwhile, a link between COMMD4 and many tumor-infiltrating immune cells was observed. GSEA and drug response analysis revealed the potential mechanism of COMMD4 in drug resistance of glioma.Conclusion: The current findings validated COMMD4 as a novel biological marker, which might offer insights into the possible drug resistance mechanisms and the impact of the immune microenvironment on glioma. COMMD4 might be used to predict glioma prognosis.

BackgroundCopper ions are essential for cellular physiology. Cuproptosis is a novel method of copper-dependent cell death, and the cuproptosis-based signature for glioma remains less studied.MethodsSeveral glioma datasets with clinicopathological information were collected from TCGA, GEO and CGGA. Robust Multichip Average (RMA) algorithm was used for background correction and normalization, cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) were then collected. The TCGA-glioma cohort was clustered using ConsensusClusterPlus. Univariate Cox regression analysis and the Random Survival Forest model were performed on the differentially expressed genes to identify prognostic genes. The cuproptosis-signature was constructed by calculating CuproptosisScore using Multivariate Cox regression analysis. Differences in terms of genomic mutation, tumor microenvironment, and enrichment pathways were evaluated between high- or low-CuproptosisScore. Furthermore, drug response prediction was carried out utilizing pRRophetic.ResultsTwo subclusters based on CRGs were identified. Patients in cluster2 had better clinical outcomes. The cuproptosis-signature was constructed based on CuproptosisScore. Patients with higher CuproptosisScore had higher WHO grades and worse prognosis, while patients with lower grades were more likely to develop IDH mutations or MGMT methylation. Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated CuproptosisScore was an independent prognostic factor. The accuracy of the signature in prognostic prediction was further confirmed in 11 external validation datasets. In groups with high-CuproptosisScore, PIK3CA, MUC16, NF1, TTN, TP53, PTEN, and EGFR showed high mutation frequency. IDH1, TP53, ATRX, CIC, and FUBP1 demonstrated high mutation frequency in low-CuproptosisScore group. The level of immune infiltration increased as CuproptosisScore increased. SubMap analysis revealed patients with high-CuproptosisScore may respond to anti-PD-1 therapy. The IC50 values of Bexarotene, Bicalutamide, Bortezomib, and Cytarabine were lower in the high-CuproptosisScore group than those in the low-CuproptosisScore group. Finally, the importance of IGFBP2 in TCGA-glioma cohort was confirmed.ConclusionThe current study revealed the novel cuproptosis-based signature might help predict the prognosis, biological features, and appropriate treatment for patients with glioma.

In order to study the bearing capacity of high-performance concrete-filled high-strength steel tube (HCHST) composite stub columns subjected to eccentrical load, 22 HCHST composite stub columns, 4 concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) composite stub columns and 8 high-performance concrete-filled steel tube (HCST) composite stub columns were designed with the cubic compressive strength of concrete (fcu), the yield strength of steel tube (fy), the thickness of tube wall (t), the eccentricity (e) and slenderness ratio (λ) as the main parameters. Considering the nonlinear constitutive model of concrete and simplified constitutive model of steel, the finite element (FE) model of HCHST composite stub columns was established by ABAQUS software. By comparison with the existing test results, the rationality of the constitutive model and boundary conditions was verified. The variation of ultimate bearing capacity and the typical failure modes of HCHST composite stub columns under different parameters was analyzed. The results show that the specimens exhibit obvious bulge outward at the end of the steel tube and shear failure at the end of concrete. High-performance concrete (HPC) can significantly improve the ultimate eccentrical compression bearing capacity of composite columns, and high-strength steel tubes have better restraint effect on HPC. With the increasing of t, the ultimate eccentrical compression bearing capacity and the load-holding capacity of HCHST columns increases gradually, while the ultimate eccentrical compression bearing capacity decreases gradually with the increasing of λ and e. By introducing the reduction coefficient of eccentricity (φ1) and the reduction coefficient of slenderness ratio (φ2), the calculation formula of the eccentric bearing capacity of HCHST columns is proposed by statistical regression, which can lay a foundation for the application of HCHST columns in practical engineering.

For human–machine collaborative driving conditions, a hierarchical chassis multi-objective cooperative control method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, based on the phase plane theory, vehicle dynamics analysis is carried out to complete the definition of vehicle stability region. Secondly, based on the linear time-varying (LTV) system model, a cooperative control strategy combining fuzzy control with model predictive control (MPC) is proposed in the upper layer. In this strategy, the assisted driving weight adjustment coefficient and the stability weight adjustment coefficient are obtained by fuzzy mapping combining human–machine cooperation index and the vehicle stability region, respectively, and the optimization objectives of MPC are designed based on the above coefficients. In the lower layer torque allocation strategy, the stability weight adjustment coefficient is introduced to achieve multi-objective optimization of tire load rate and energy efficiency. For energy efficiency optimization, an optimal energy efficiency point-based tracking method is proposed to avoid nonlinearity caused by the introduction of motor loss models. Simulation analysis results show that the proposed strategy can effectively alleviate human–machine conflicts and improve vehicle handing stability. It also can achieve smaller tire load rate optimization through torque allocation and can reduce energy consumption by approximately 8% compared with the inter-axle torque allocation strategy. This study helps to promote the improvement of the comprehensive performance of assisted driving vehicles in human–machine cooperation, handling stability, and energy-saving torque distribution.

Designing intrinsically stretchable semiconducting polymers with suitable charge transport and mechanical properties required for stretchable electronic devices remains a challenge. Here, the authors report terpolymer-based semiconductors with intrinsically high stretchability and mobility.

The study of galaxy evolution hinges on our ability to interpret multiwavelength galaxy observations in terms of their physical properties. To do this, we rely on spectral energy distribution (SED) models, which allow us to infer physical parameters from spectrophotometric data. In recent years, thanks to wide and deep multiwave band galaxy surveys, the volume of high-quality data have significantly increased. Alongside the increased data, algorithms performing SED fitting have improved, including better modeling prescriptions, newer templates, and more extensive sampling in wavelength space. We present a comprehensive analysis of different SED-fitting codes including their methods and output with the aim of measuring the uncertainties caused by the modeling assumptions. We apply 14 of the most commonly used SED-fitting codes on samples from the CANDELS photometric catalogs at z ∼ 1 and z ∼ 3. We find agreement on the stellar mass, while we observe some discrepancies in the star formation rate (SFR) and dust-attenuation results. To explore the differences and biases among the codes, we explore the impact of the various modeling assumptions as they are set in the codes (e.g., star formation histories, nebular, dust and active galactic nucleus models) on the derived stellar masses, SFRs, and A _V values. We then assess the difference among the codes on the SFR–stellar mass relation and we measure the contribution to the uncertainties by the modeling choices (i.e., the modeling uncertainties) in stellar mass (∼0.1 dex), SFR (∼0.3 dex), and dust attenuation (∼0.3 mag). Finally, we present some resources summarizing best practices in SED fitting.

We report the discovery of a candidate galaxy with a photo- z of z ∼ 12 in the first epoch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey. Following conservative selection criteria, we identify a source with a robust z _phot = ${11.8}_{-0.2}^{+0.3}$ (1 σ uncertainty) with m _F200W = 27.3 and ≳7 σ detections in five filters. The source is not detected at λ < 1.4 μ m in deep imaging from both Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and JWST and has faint ∼3 σ detections in JWST F150W and HST F160W, which signal a Ly α break near the red edge of both filters, implying z ∼ 12. This object (Maisie’s Galaxy) exhibits F115W − F200W > 1.9 mag (2 σ lower limit) with a blue continuum slope, resulting in 99.6% of the photo- z probability distribution function favoring z > 11. All data-quality images show no artifacts at the candidate’s position, and independent analyses consistently find a strong preference for z > 11. Its colors are inconsistent with Galactic stars, and it is resolved ( r _h = 340 ± 14 pc). Maisie’s Galaxy has log M _* / M _⊙ ∼ 8.5 and is highly star-forming (log sSFR ∼ −8.2 yr ^−1 ), with a blue rest-UV color ( β ∼ −2.5) indicating little dust, though not extremely low metallicity. While the presence of this source is in tension with most predictions, it agrees with empirical extrapolations assuming UV luminosity functions that smoothly decline with increasing redshift. Should follow-up spectroscopy validate this redshift, our universe was already aglow with galaxies less than 400 Myr after the Big Bang.

Academic adjustment is a principal determining factor of undergraduate students’ academic achievement and success. However, studies pay little attention to freshmen’s antecedent variables of academic adjustment. This study aimed to examine the mechanisms underlying the relationship between achievement goal orientations and academic adjustment in freshmen using variable- and person-centered approaches. A sample of 578 freshmen (aged 18.29±1.04years, 58.5% female) completed questionnaires on achievement goal orientations, learning engagement, and academic adjustment. Latent profile analysis of achievement goal orientations revealed four groups: low-motivation (11.1%), approach-oriented (9.5%), average (52.8%), and multiple (26.6%). In the mediating analysis, results of the variable-centered approach showed that learning engagement mediated the effects of the mastery-approach and performance-avoidance goals on academic adjustment. For the person-centered approach, we selected the average type as the reference profile, and the analysis revealed that compared with the reference profile, learning engagement partially mediated the link between the approach-oriented profile and academic adjustment. The current study highlights the important role that achievement goal orientations and learning engagement play in academic adjustment. We discuss the implications and limitations of the findings.

This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and prosocial behavior (PSB) and constructed a model for their interaction by examining the mediating effect of social support (SS) and the moderating effect of self-esteem (SE) in this relationship. A total of 742 college students aged from 18 to 20 in Northeast China (Mage =19.42 ± 0.53 years) completed a survey measuring the Emotional Intelligence Scale, Prosocial Tendencies Measurement Scale—Chinese Version, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Self-Esteem Scale. The results showed that: (1) EI positively predicted PSB; (2) SS partially mediated the relationship between EI and PSB; and (3) SE moderated the direct effect of EI on PSB and the relationship between SS and PSB. That is, when the SE of college students was higher, the effect of SS in promoting PSB was enhanced. Therefore, our results suggested that under the influence of both internal and external factors, there is an indirect effect of EI on PSB. This finding may potentially provide a theoretical basis for designing college students' mental health courses and cultivating PSB in college.

In order to investigate the bearing capacity of composite columns composed of ultra-high performance concrete, (UHPC)-filled high-strength elliptical steel tube with encased high-strength H-shape steel (HUCFESTCs) were subjected to eccentric load. Forty-four HUCFESTCs were designed with varying parameters: yield strength of the steel tube (fy), yield strength of the H-shape steel (fy1), concrete-cube compressive strength (fcu), steel tube thickness (t), eccentricity (e), slenderness ratio (λ), the section area of the H-shape steel (AHS), and long–short axis ratio (ψ). Based on a bilinear elastic–plastic constitutive model of steel that considered stress hardening and a nonlinear constitutive model of UHPC, 44 HUCFESTCs models were established by ABAQUS software. The influence of different parameters on the ultimate bearing capacity of the HUCFESTCs was analyzed. The whole process of HUCFESTCs under eccentric load was studied, and the typical failure modes of HUCFESTCs are described. The results show that the main failure mode of the HUCFESTCs subjected to eccentrical load is bulging outward of the steel tube, the buckling of the H-shape steel, and crushing of the concrete in the middle part of the column and the inner part of the H-shape steel. The stiffness of HUCFESTCs increases gradually with the increase in fy, t, and e. The ultimate eccentrical compression bearing capacity of HUCFESTCs improves gradually with increases in fy, t, fy1, AHS, ψ, and fcu, but it decreases gradually with increases in λ and e. By using statistical regression and introducing the reduction coefficient of eccentricity, the calculation formula for the eccentric bearing capacity of HUCFEST columns is developed, which can provide a basis for the application of HUCFESTCs in practical engineering.

This study aims to introduce and discuss the recent research, development and application of wave energy marine buoys. The topic becomes increasingly appealing after the observation that wave energy technologies have been evolving in the recent decades, yet have not reached convergence. The power supply is usually the bottleneck for marine distributed systems such as buoys. Wave energy technologies are especially useful in this sense, as they can capture and convert the promising “native” renewable energy in the ocean (i.e., wave energy) into electricity. The paper enumerates the recent developments in wave energy capture (e.g., oscillating bodies) and power take-off (e.g., nanogenerators). The study also introduces the typical marine buoys and discusses the applicability of wave energy technologies on them. It is concluded that the wave energy technologies could be implemented as a critical addition to the comprehensive power solution of marine distributed systems. Wave energy buoys are likely to differentiate into “wave energy converter buoys” and “wave-energy-powered buoys”, which is indicated by the ratio of the generated power to the load power.

Marine distributed devices are essential infrastructure for exploring and utilizing the ocean. As the most common carrier of these devices, floating and submerged buoys are subject to a bottleneck of power supply. Recent progress in nanogenerators could convert the high-entropy marine kinetic energy (e.g., wave) robustly, which may form an in-situ power solution to marine distributed devices. This study is devoted to develop a stackable triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TENG), while each layer of it is made into multiple channels carrying PTFE balls in between Aluminum electrodes. In the experiments based on forced motion, the peak power density of the S-TENG reaches 49 W/m3, about 29% promotion from our previous benchmark. The S-TENG has also become less vulnerable to directional variation of the excitation, making its integration on various platforms more flexible in real conditions. In practice, the S-TENG has demonstrated its capability of powering LEDs as well as various sensors measuring salinity, temperature and acidity, which means the S-TENG could self-power many compact marine buoys.

With the rapid development of high-power tractor, the fault diagnosis of high-power tractor has become more and more important for ensuring the operating safety and efficiency. PSO is an iterative optimization evolutionary algorithm, which can iterate through different particles to find the optimal solution. However, there is only one population in the standard PSO algorithm, and the information exchange between the populations is relatively single, which can easily lead to the stagnation of the development of the population. In this paper, due to high-power tractor diesel engine fault complexity, fault correlation, and multifault concurrency, a multigroup coevolution particle swarm optimization BP neural network for diesel engine fault diagnosis method was proposed. First, the USB-CAN device was used to collect data of 8 items of the diesel engine under five different working conditions, and the data was parsed through the SAE J1939 protocol; then, the BP neural network was reconstructed, and a competitive multiswarm cooperative particle swarm optimizer algorithm (COM-MCPSO) was used to optimize its structure and weights. Finally, the data of optimized neural network under five different fault conditions show that, compared with BP neural network and PSO optimized BP neural network, the fault diagnosis of COM-MCPSO optimized BP neural network not only improves the network training speed, but also enhances generalization ability and improves recognition accuracy.

As smartphone usage has become increasingly prevalent in our society, so have rates of depression, particularly among young adults. Individual differences in smartphone usage patterns have been shown to reflect individual differences in underlying affective processes such as depression (Wang et al., 2018). In the current study, a positive relationship was identified between smartphone screen time (e.g., phone unlock duration) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between the subgenual cingulate cortex (sgCC), a brain region implicated in depression and antidepressant treatment response, and regions of the ventromedial/orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), such that increased phone usage was related to stronger connectivity between these regions. This cluster was subsequently used to constrain subsequent analyses looking at individual differences in depressive symptoms in the same cohort and observed partial replication in a separate cohort. Similar analyses were subsequently performed on metrics of circadian rhythm consistency showing a negative relationship between connectivity of the sgCC and OFC. The data and analyses presented here provide relatively simplistic preliminary analyses which replicate and provide an initial step in combining functional brain activity and smartphone usage patterns to better understand issues related to mental health. Smartphones are a prevalent part of modern life and the usage of mobile sensing data from smartphones promises to be an important tool for mental health diagnostics and neuroscience research.

We address a robust beamforming design and power allocation problem for a one-way multi-antenna relay network, where the multi-antenna source implements communication with the multi-antenna destination via a decode-and-forward (DF) relay in the presence of the multiple single-antenna eavesdroppers. The eavesdroppers can only overhear the information flowed from the relay to the destination in the second hop. We aim to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate in the condition that the global channel state information (CSI) is imperfect. To this end, we propose the joint beamforming and power allocation design for the worst-case secrecy rate maximization. However, our proposed design constitutes a non-convex problem, which involves an infinite number of constraints because of the imperfect CSI. To make the problem more tractable, we approximate the problem into several tractablesemidefinite programs by semidefinite relaxation, successive convex approximation, and S-procedure techniques, and we propose an iterative algorithm to solve the problem. Furthermore, we show that the proposed algorithm is also applicable for the case the Gaussian wiretap model, where only the eavesdroppers' CSI is imperfect. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Light harvesting is the first step of photovoltaic process in polymer solar cells. However, such donor: acceptor bulk junction layers are usually featured with vertical phase segregation as well as film-depth-dependent molecular aggregation, chain orientation and crystallinity, leading to a significant variation of photon absorption and exciton generation at different film-depths. We propose an experimentally and numerically accessible method to investigate the depth-dependent light harvesting behaviors in the active layer in polymer solar cells. A low-pressure oxygen plasma is utilized to etch the active layer gradually which is monitored by a light absorption spectrometer. Including the obtained sublayer absorption spectra into transfer matrix optical model yields depth-dependent optical properties and exciton generation profiles, which contribute to quantum efficiency and short-circuit current. This approach is helpful to optimize vertical material variation and provide insights into photovoltaic process.

Compared with the one immobilized in the conventional mesoporous microspheres, the enzyme immobilized in gigaporous microspheres showed much higher activity and better stability. To gain a deeper understanding, we herein selected lipase as a prototype to comparatively analyze the adsorption behavior of lipase at interfaces in gigaporous and mesoporous polystyrene microspheres at very low lipase concentration, and further compared with the adsorption on a completely flat surface (a chip). Owing to the limited space of narrow pores, lipase molecules were inclined to be adsorbed as a monolayer in mesoporous microspheres. During this process, the interaction between lipase molecules and the interface was stronger, which could result in the structural change of lipase molecular and compromised specific activity. In addition to monolayer adsorption, more multilayer adsorption of enzyme molecules also occurred in gigaporous microspheres. Besides the adsorption state, the pore curvature also affected the lipase adsorption. Due to the multilayer adsorption, the excellent mass transfer properties for the substrate and the product in the large pores, and the small pore curvature, lipase immobilized in gigaporous microspheres showed better behaviors.