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In this paper, the generation of relativistic electron mirrors (REMs) and the reflection of an ultra-short laser off this mirrors are discussed, applying two-dimensional particle-in-cell (2D-PIC) simulations. REMs with ultra-high acceleration and expanding velocity can be produced from a solid nanofoil illuminated normally by an ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulse with a sharp rising edge. Chirped attosecond pulse can be produced through the reflection of a counter-propagating probe laser off the accelerating REM. In the electron moving frame, the plasma frequency of the REM keeps decreasing due to its rapidly expanding. The laser frequency, on the contrary, keeps increasing due to the acceleration of REM and the relativistic Doppler shift from the lab frame to the electron moving frame. Within an ultra-short time interval, the two frequencies will be equal in the electron moving frame, which leads the resonance between laser and REM. The reflected radiation near this interval and the corresponding spectra will be amplified due to the resonance. Through adjusting the arriving time of the probe laser, certain part of the reflected field could be selectively amplified or depressed, leading to the selectively adjusting of the corresponding spectra.

Aluminum alloy goal crossbar (crossbar for short) as an essential part of soccer goals, according to practical needs, needs to be designed in other ways. So the segmented optimization design of crossbar has been proposed.This paper proposes that cut off crossbar from the middle first, then use an iron core turning the segmented crossbar into a whole part again when used. By means of parametric modeling in AutoCAD and SolidWorks and finite element analysis in MARC, the feasibility of the optimization design has been demonstrated. Finally, the paper comes to a conclusion via the way of experimental test.

To ensure cryogenic vessels working safely and efficiently is a common focus for governments, manufacturers and customers. Chinese national standard system of gas and material compatibility in cryogenic vessels has still not be build. It is necessary to make a research on international standard about it. In this paper, the main international standard of gas and material compatibility in cryogenic vessels and the international standards of ignition test methods were described.

To determine the contents of 22 inorganic elements in different parts of Lantana camara by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES).HNO3-H2O2 digested system was used to completely decompose the organic compounds effectually by microwave digestion. The 22 inorganic elements such as K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Na, Zn, Mn and Cr were determined by ICP-OES under set up working conditions.The contents of K, Ca and Mg were the most in different parts of Lantana camara; The contents of K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Sr and Cu in the leaf were more those that in the root and branch; The contents of Fe, Na, Cr and Ni in the root were more than those in the leaf and branch; The contents of Mn, Zn, Sr and Cu in the branch were more than those in the root and the leaf; The contents of Pb and Cd were higher than the national standard and Cr had high content in different parts of Lantana camara.The determination method is quick, easy and accurate with high sensitivity, which can determine the contents of 22 inorganic elements accurately in different parts of Lantana camara.

Soluble proteins were extracted from the leaves of Petunia hybrida when flower differentiation was induced. The results showed that 4 special proteins, with molecular weight of 49.45 kD (a), 35.45 kD (b), 17.98 kD (c) and 11.74 kD(d), are related to blossoming of flowers after photoperiod induction. Without proteins a and d only floral buds were formed which were never blossomed. There were flowers when all the 4 special proteins appeared together. Proteins c and d disappeared after blossoming. Proteins in different tissues were different when the plant was induced to blossom. Thus, for example, protein c and d were absent from stem throughout the process.

Objective The objective of this study was to explore our experience in the treatment of serious burn patients (total burn surface area [TBSA] > 90% and full thickness burns > 70% TBSA). Methods Thirty patients who were admitted to our unit over a period of 12 years were analyzed retrospectively; 23 cases (76.7%) were successfully treated. Results There were seven out of 12 cases (58.3%) in the first 5 years and 16 out of 18 cases (88.9%) in the latter 7 years of the study period. Conclusions It is concluded that: 1) giving electrolyte-free fluids (around 3700 ml) and the maintenance of hourly urine output at 70 ml or more appear to be beneficial in resuscitation therapy; 2) the first operative procedure should be undertaken early, at about the third day after injury; 3) a higher percentage area of eschar to be excised in the first operation is encouraged and eschar excision of up to 40% or more is preferable; 4) controlling the area of exposed wound under 5% in the entire therapeutic course is essential in the prevention of burn infection; 5) emphasis should be placed on the vital role of a dehumidifier in reducing the incidence of fungal infection; and 6) early enteral nutrition with the use of growth hormone in correcting the nutritional state of the patient is also emphasized.

AIM: To study the effect of salvianolate on tight junctions (TJs) and zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) in small intestinal mucosa of cirrhotic rats. METHODS: Cirrhosis was induced using carbon tetrachloride. Rats were randomly divided into the untreated group, low-dose salvianolate (12 mg/kg) treatment group, medium-dose salvianolate (24 mg/kg) treatment group, and high-dose salvianolate (48 mg/kg) treatment group, and were treated for 2 wk. Another 10 healthy rats served as the normal control group. Histological changes in liver tissue samples were observed under a light microscope. We evaluated morphologic indices of ileal mucosa including intestinal villi width and thickness of mucosa and intestinal wall using a pathological image analysis system. Ultrastructural changes in small intestinal mucosa were investigated in the five groups using transmission electron microscopy. The changes in ZO-1 expression, a tight junction protein, were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. The staining index was calculated as the product of the staining intensity score and the proportion of positive cells. RESULTS: In the untreated group, hepatocytes showed a disordered arrangement, fatty degeneration was extensive, swelling was obvious, and disorganized lobules were divided by collagen fibers in hepatic tissue, which were partly improved in the salvianolate treated groups. In the untreated group, abundant lymphocytes infiltrated the fibrous tissue with proliferation of bile ducts, and collagen fibers gradually decreased and damaged hepatic lobules were partly repaired following salvianolate treatment. Compared with the untreated group, no differences in intestinal villi width between the five groups were observed. The villi height as well as mucosa and intestinal wall thickness gradually thickened with salvianolate treatment and were significantly shorter in the untreated group compared with those in the salvianolate treatment groups and normal group (P < 0.01). The number of microvilli decreased and showed irregular lengths and arrangements in the untreated group. The intercellular space between epithelial cells was wider. The TJs were discontinuous, which indicated disruption in TJ morphology in the untreated group. In the treated groups, the microvilli in the intestinal epithelium were regular and the TJs were gradually integrated and distinct. The expression of ZO-1 decreased in the small intestine of the untreated cirrhotic rats. The high expression rate of ZO-1 in ileal mucosa in the untreated group was significantly lower than that in the medium-dose salvianolate group (21.43% vs 64.29%, χ2 = 5.25, P < 0.05), high-dose salvianolate group (21.43% vs 76.92%, χ2 = 8.315, P < 0.01) and normal group (21.43% vs 90%, χ2 = 10.98, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Salvianolate improves liver histopathological changes, repairs intestinal mucosa and TJ structure, and enhances ZO-1 expression in the small intestinal mucosa in cirrhotic rats.

AIM: To study the effect of salvianolate on expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA in small intestine of cirrhotic rats. METHODS: Cirrhosis in rats was induced using CCl4 (0.3 mL/kg). Rats were randomly divided into non-treatment group, low-dose salvianolate (12 mg/kg) treatment group, medium-dose salvianolate (24 mg/kg) treatment group, and high-dose salvianolate (48 mg/kg) treatment group, and treated for 2 wk. Another 10 healthy rats served as a normal control group. Mortality of cirrhotic rats in each group was evaluated after treatment with salvianolate. Serum samples were taken from portal vein for the detection of endotoxin. Morphological changes in tissue samples from the ileocecum were observed under a light microscope. Expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in the small intestine of rats was analyzed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The mortality of cirrhotic rats in the non-treatment group was 37.5%. No cirrhotic rat died in the high-dose salvianolate treatment group. The serum endotoxin level was significantly higher in the non-treatment group than in the salvianolate treatment and normal control groups. The intestinal mucosal and villous atrophy, necrosis and shedding of the intestinal mucosal epithelium, observed in the non-treatment group, were reversed in different salvianolate treatment groups. The TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expression levels in small intestine were significantly lower in different salvianolate treatment groups than in the non-treatment group. CONCLUSION: Salvianolate can reduce the endotoxin level, ameliorate the injury of intestinal mucosa, and inhibit the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in small intestine of cirrhotic rats.