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One new α-ditetralonyl glucoside (1), was isolated from the green walnut husk of Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae), together with twelve known compounds (2–13). The structure of the new compound was determined as (2R,4S,10S,12S)-2-[7-(12,13,16-trihydroxy-α-tetralonyl-13-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)]- 4,8-dihydroxy-α-tetralone-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses, and acidic hydrolysis. Compounds 6, 7 and 11 were isolated from the genus Juglans for the first time. Compound 1–13 showed weak cytotoxic against A549 and HeLa cell lines.

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become one of the important tools of functional connectivity studies of the human brain. Fuzzy clustering method (FCM) is a common method for analysis of FMRI data. Traditional FCA methods measure the similarity between the BOLD time course of a centroid and the ones of all other voxels in the brain on the basis of Pearson correlation coefficient. This article puts forward a multi-voxel-based similarity measure, an improved RV (IRV) measure, which takes the hypothesis into account that the function homogeneous voxels of brain volume are spatially clustered within a local region. Experimental validation is presented through four visual fMRI data sets which shows that the IRVFCA method not only has improved the speed of FCA, but has comparatively raised the accuracy of the method.

Double-hit isothermal deformation and multi-pass continuous cooling hot compression tests were carried out to study the recrystallization behavior of a 0.11 (in mass %) Ti-microalloyed complex phase (CP) steel. The influence of different deforming temperatures and holding times on microstructure evolution was investigated. The results showed that a pronounced austenite grain refinement after appropriate recrystallization process has been detected. The grain size decreases continuously from 176μm to 20μm after four-pass compression. It has been verified that non-crystallization temperature (Tnr) of the experimental steel is about 975°C under the deformation conditions. Based on the stress-strain curves, a kinetic method was established to predict the non-recrystallization temperature of the studied steel during nonisothermal continuous hot deformation.

Alloy 600 was studied in different Na2SO4 solutions with three approaches including Tafel curve method, AC impedance curve and high temperature experiment. Experimental results showed that interface electric transfer process was the control step of whole electrochemistry process; and selective corrosion of Alloy 600 would not happen in high temperature process

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are extensively adopted in various aspects of data mining, e.g., association rules, clustering, and classification. Instead of applying GAs for data mining, this study addresses linkage discovery, an essential topic in GAs, by using data mining methods. Inspired by natural evolution, GAs utilize selection, crossover, and mutation operations to evolve candidate solutions into global optima. This evolutionary scheme can effectively resolve many search and optimization problems. As the most salient feature of GAs, crossover enables the recombination of good parts of two selected chromosomes, yet, in doing so, may disrupt the collected promising segments.

As one of the cost-effective machining methods for advanced ceramics, rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) has attracted much attention and there exist numerous publications on the process. However, few investigations on tool wear in the RUM process have been reported. This paper, for the first time in literature, presents an experimental observation on tool wear in RUM of alumina. it presents and discusses the results on tool wear in RUM of alumina. It also discusses some practical implications of the findings from this study.

The fiber optic sensor measuring system based on the Mech-Zehnder interferometry is developed in the paper. The system can be used for the strain and vibration measurement of engineering structure, and has the advantages: convenient adjusting, stable performance and strong ability of anti-interference, etc. Therefore the fiber optic sensor has been widely used in the engineering field. First the system is introduced into measuring the frequency and amplitude of the vibration subjected to force of the FRP-concrete beam. The fiber optic sensor measuring system and the electronic measuring system are synchronous used for the measurement. The analysis results of fiber optic sensor measurement approximate to the results of electronic strain gauge. Then the system is introduced into experimental stress analysis on the gas pipe, good results is obtained too. The paper provides new technical equipment for the experimental testing of various engineering structure using fiber optic sensor, also establishes the technical foundation of the research of smart structure.

The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system, recommended by the World Health Organization, categories drugs into different classes according to their therapeutic and chemical characteristics. For a set of query compounds, how can we identify which ATC-class (or classes) they belong to? It is an important and challenging problem because the information thus obtained would be quite useful for drug development and utilization. By hybridizing the informations of chemical-chemical interactions and chemical-chemical similarities, a novel method was developed for such purpose. It was observed by the jackknife test on a benchmark dataset of 3,883 drug compounds that the overall success rate achieved by the prediction method was about 73% in identifying the drugs among the following 14 main ATC-classes: (1) alimentary tract and metabolism; (2) blood and blood forming organs; (3) cardiovascular system; (4) dermatologicals; (5) genitourinary system and sex hormones; (6) systemic hormonal preparations, excluding sex hormones and insulins; (7) anti-infectives for systemic use; (8) antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents; (9) musculoskeletal system; (10) nervous system; (11) antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents; (12) respiratory system; (13) sensory organs; (14) various. Such a success rate is substantially higher than 7% by the random guess. It has not escaped our notice that the current method can be straightforwardly extended to identify the drugs for their 2(nd)-level, 3(rd)-level, 4(th)-level, and 5(th)-level ATC-classifications once the statistically significant benchmark data are available for these lower levels.

Martensitic phase transformation is an important style of nondispersive solid state change. Shape memory effect of shape memory alloy (SMA) was just discovered in this transformation. Generating, growing and spreading of martensitic phase transformation belt are the major areas of SMA research. Interface of martensitic phase transformation of NiTi polycrystal SMA under the tensile stress is studied by using Moire interference technique in the paper. Also ANSYS software is used to simulate the process of martensitic phase transformation under the same condition. These two methods get the uniform result, thus providing some reference to the further application study of SMA.

The mutual transformation of Martensite and Austensite and propagation of their interface are studied with the fourbeam moire interferometry during the process of loading of polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA). The distribution of Austensite and Martensite and the extension nearby the interface is observed from the moire photographs when the specimen is transformed.

To evaluate the stability of biomechanics of occipitoatlantoaxial reconstruction with transarticular screw fixation.Twelve fresh human cadaveric occipitocervical spine specimens were mounted in a custom-designed, spine-testing machine that applied pure moments while recording the three-dimensional angular movement at occiput (Oc)-C(1) and C(1 - 2) segments. The specimens were tested under seven different conditions: the intact (intact group), the occipitoatlantoaxial instability (Destabilized group), fixation with Ti-cable plus bone graft group (cable + graf group), fixation with the transarticular fixation (CTS group), fixation with SUMMIT occitocervical spinal fixation system (SUMMIT group), fixation with transarticular screw plus bone graft (CTS + graf group), and fixation with SMMIT system and plus graft group (SUMMIT + graf group). The data obtained were statistically analyzed.The CTS group reduced motion to well within the normal rang. In the Oc-C(1) segment, The CTS group and SUMMIT group allowed a very small rang of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) during lateral bending and axial rotation. The ROM and NZ during flexion and extension of the SUMMIT group, were significantly smaller than those of cable + graf group and CTS group (6.64 degrees +/- 0.59 degrees, 2.49 degrees +/- 0.26 degrees, 0.50 degrees +/- 0.03 degrees, 0.21 degrees +/- 0.01 degrees, 0.27 degrees +/- 0.07 degrees, 0.13 degrees +/- 0.01 degrees vs 10.01 degrees +/- 1.26 degrees, 3.80 degrees +/- 0.79 degrees, 7.93 degrees +/- 1.34 degrees, 3.18 degrees +/- 0.95 degrees, 9.54 degrees +/- 0.87 degrees, 5.93 degrees +/- 0.74 degrees, P0.05). In the C(1 - 2) segment, ROM and NZ in all directions of CTS group were smaller in rotation than SUMMIT group (1.64 degrees +/- 0.39 degrees, 0.61 degrees +/- 0.15 degrees, 0.14 degrees +/- 0.05 degrees, 0.02 degrees +/- 0.01 degrees, 0.32 degrees +/- 0.04 degrees, 0.08 degrees +/- 0.01 degrees, vs 0.21 degrees +/- 0.04 degrees, 0.07 degrees +/- 0.03 degrees, 0.21 degrees +/- 0.12 degrees, 0.10 degrees +/- 0.02 degrees, 2.92 degrees +/- 0.28 degrees, 1.27 degrees +/- 0.11 degrees, all P0.05). There was no significant difference in ROM and NZ in all directions between CTS + graf group and SUMMIT + Graf group (P0.05).In vivo biomechanics studies show that posterior occipitocervical transarticular fixation has unique features in reconstructing dynamic stability of the occipitoatlantoaxis, especially in controlling stability of rotation and lateral flexion, thus ensuring successful fusion of the implanted bone and allowing for clinical use of the technique.