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Determination of total dissolved iron (Fe) is of great significance for further studying its role in the biochemical cycle of the earth. Herein, a defective carbon black material (BPdefect) was adopted to replace metal-based composites for determination of Fe dissolved in solution via electroanalysis on modified electrode. The effects of solid loading and electrolyte on electrochemical performance were studied. The measurement accuracy of BPdefect-modified electrode was validated by determining Fe(III) standard reference materials. The BPdefect-modified electrode was also applied in Fe analysis in groundwater samples successfully.

Zheng-Yang Song, Han-Yun Ren, Yu-Jun Dong, Yuan Li, Yue Yin, Yu-Hua Sun, Qian Wang, Wei-Lin Xu, Wei Liu, Jin-Ping Ou, Ze-Yin Liang Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Han-Yun Ren; Ze-Yin LiangDepartment of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 10-83575082Email renhy0813@163.com; walzyaw@163.comPurpose: To explore the efficacy of low-dose rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) in matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (MSD-HSCT) for patients with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome.Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 79 patients with hematologic malignancies who received MSD-HSCT. All patients received standard graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis comprising cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and short-term methotrexate. Among them, 38 were administered 5 mg/kg rATG as part of GVHD prophylaxis. Clinical outcomes including overall survival (OS), GVHD and relapse were analyzed.Results: No graft failure occurred in the antithymocyte globulin (ATG) or non-ATG group. The cumulative incidences of grade 2– 4 and 3– 4 acute GVHD at day +100 were 13.3% versus 19.5% (p=0.507) and 5.7% versus 15.2% (p=0.196), respectively. The 2-year cumulative incidences of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) were 35.4% and 60.4% (p=0.039), and those of extensive cGVHD were 12.9% and 40.0% (p=0.015), respectively. In a multivariate analysis, the use of low-dose rATG was an independent protective factor for extensive cGVHD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.256; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.080 to 0.822, p=0.022). The 2-year OS was 88.1% and 68.4% (p=0.038), respectively, and the use of low-dose rATG was the only protective factor in the multivariate analysis (HR 0.216; 95% CI, 0.059 to 0.792, p=0.021). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse, leukemia-free survival or GVHD-free and relapse-free survival.Conclusion: Low-dose rATG used in MSD-HSCT as part of the conditioning regimen results in a reduced incidence of cGVHD and improves survival outcomes.Keywords: low-dose rATG, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, matched sibling donor, graft-versus-host disease

Background Universal gene targets are in persistent demand by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR)‐based methods in acute leukemia (AL) diagnosis and monitoring. Human Krüppel‐like factor 3 (hKLF3), a newly cloned human transcription factor, has proved to be a regulator of hematopoiesis. Methods Sanger sequencing was performed in bone marrow (BM) samples from 17 AL patients for mutations in hKLF3 coding exons. hKLF3 expression in peripheral blood (PB) and BM samples from 45 AL patients was dynamically detected by RT‐qPCR. PB samples from 31 healthy donors were tested as normal controls. Results No mutation was sequenced in hKLF3 coding exons. hKLF3 expression in PB of AL was significantly lower than that in healthy donors [0.30 (0.02‐1.07) vs 1.18 (0.62‐3.37), P, In the present study, we investigated the expression of hKLF3 in acute leukemia patients by both Sanger sequencing and RT‐qPCR. ROC analyses indicated excellent efficacy of hKLF3 expression in PB samples for the diagnosis of AML. In addition, a significantly converse correlation between inhibition of hKLF3 expression in peripheral blood and increased leukemic burden was observed.

Qing Ya Wang,* Yuan Li,* Ze Yin Liang, Yue Yin, Wei Liu, Qian Wang, Yu Jun Dong, Yu Hua Sun, Wei Lin Xu, Han Yun Ren Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yuan Li; Han Yun RenDepartment of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, No.8 Xi Shi Ku Street, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 1083575746; +86 1083575680Email drliyuan75@163.com; renhy0813@163.comPurpose: To evaluate the role of Decitabine in the allo-HSCT conditioning regimen for intermediate- and high-risk patients with MDS or AML.Patients and methods: Retrospective analysis of data pertaining to 76 intermediate- and high-risk patients with MDS or AML who underwent allo-HSCT between December 2005 and June 2018 at the Peking University First Hospital. Forty patients received Decitabine-containing conditioning regimen before transplantation, while thirty-six patients received regimen without Decitabine.Results: Over a median follow-up of 40 months (range, 1 to 155), the cumulative incidence of grade II to IV acute graft versus host disease was 12.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.9–30.9%] in the Decitabine group and 41.5% (95% CI 28.1–61.2%) in the non-Decitabine group (P=0.005). On multivariate analysis, Decitabine-containing conditioning regimen was found to protect against grade II to IV aGVHD (HR=0.279, 95% CI 0.102–0.765, P=0.013). Incidence of respiratory infection in the Decitabine and non-Decitabine groups was 22.5% and 52.78%, respectively (P=0.012). No significant between-group difference was observed with respect to 3-year OS, DFS, or RR (P=0.980, 0.959, and 0.573, respectively), while the median relapse time was longer in the Decitabine group [7 months (range, 2–12) versus 3 months (range, 2–4), P=0.171]. Decitabine-containing conditioning showed a tendency for lower relapse rate among higher risk patients, as assessed by IPSS R; however, the between-group difference was not statistically significant (P=0.085).Conclusion: Inclusion of Decitabine in the conditioning regimen for allo-HSCT in intermediate- and high-risk patients may lower the incidence of aGVHD and respiratory infections, and contribute to longer median relapse time.Keywords: myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, Decitabine, transplantation conditioning, graft versus host disease, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Previous studies showed that hypomethylating agents (HMAs) could alleviate acute graft-We first optimized the concentrations of individual and combinational 5-Aza and DZNep treatments to ensure no obvious toxicities on activated T cells by evaluating T-cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation. A mouse model of aGvHD was then established to assess the prophylactic efficacy of 5-Aza, DZNep, and their combination on aGvHD. The immunomodulatory effect on T cells and the hematopoietic reconstruction were assessed. Additionally, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms.Compared with single treatments, theThe combination of 5-Aza and DZNep could enhance the prophylactic effect for aGvHD by influencing donor T-cell differentiation through affecting cytokine and chemokine pathways. This study shed light on the effectively prophylactic measure for aGvHD using different epigenetic agent combinations.

To analyze clinical effectiveness of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients treated by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), and to investigate new therapy strategy for the treatment of relapse after allo-HSCT.72 MDS patients treated by HSCT in our hospital from April 2013 to November 2019 were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. The effect of allo-HSCT was summarized. The risk factors affecting the survival and relapse of the patients were investigated.Among 72 patients, the median follow up was 37(12-111) months. 57 patients survived（79.2%），while 15 patients died（20.8%）. The 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate were 76.6% and 62.3%, respectively. IPSS-R, TP53 mutation and chronic graft versus-host-disease (cGVHD) were the risk factors affecting the OS of the MDS patients after treated by allo-HSCT. IPSS-R, TP53 mutation and Ⅲ-Ⅳ° acute graft versus-host-disease (aGVHD) were the risk factors affecting the DFS of the MDS patients after treated by allo-HSCT. After transplanted, 19 patients (26.4%) emerged aGVHD, and 5 patients (6.9%) emerged Ⅲ-Ⅳ° aGVHD, 25 patients (34.7%) emerged cGVHD, while 4 patients (5.6%) emerged extensive cGVHD. 17 patients (23.3%) relapsed, and the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) rate was 27.5%. IPSS-R, TP53 mutation and cGVHD were the risk factors affecting the relapse of the patients. The median survival time after relapse was 9 months. There were 7 out of 17 relapsed patients survived without disease, while 10 patients died. The OS rate of patients treated with maintained hypomethylation agents(HMA) combined with G-CSF mobilized donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) was significantly higher than the patients without HMA (80.0% vs 10.0%, P=0.002).Allo-HSCT is an effective therapy for intermediate and high risk MDS patients. But relapse after HSCT is still a major problem that affecting the survival of the patients. Maintenance treatment of HMA combined with DLI may improve the long-time survival of MDS patients with relapsed after treated by allo-HSCT.异基因造血干细胞移植术治疗骨髓增生异常综合征患者临床疗效的分析.分析异基因造血干细胞移植术（allo-HSCT）治疗骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者的临床疗效，并探讨移植后复发的治疗新策略.选取并回顾性分析2013年4月至2019年11月于北京大学第一医院行allo-HSCT的MDS患者共72例，总结移植疗效，并对影响患者生存及复发的危险因素进行探讨.72例患者中，中位随访时间37（12-111）个月，57例（79.2%）患者存活，15例（20.8%）死亡。5年总生存（OS）率、无病生存（DFS）率分别为76.6%和62.3%。IPSS-R预后危险分层、TP53突变、慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）为影响患者移植后OS的危险因素，IPSS-R预后危险分层、TP53突变、Ⅲ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）为影响患者移植后DFS的危险因素。移植后，19例（26.4%）患者发生aGVHD，5例（6.9%）患者发生Ⅲ-Ⅳ度aGVHD，25例（34.7%）患者发生cGVHD，4例（5.6%）发生广泛型cGVHD。17例（23.3%）患者在移植后出现复发，5年的累积复发率为27.5%，IPSS-R预后危险分层、TP53突变、cGVHD为影响患者复发的危险因素。复发后中位生存时间为9个月。复发后有7例患者获得无病生存，10例死亡，接受甲基化药物（HMA）联合G-CSF动员的供者淋巴细胞输注（DLI）维持治疗患者的3年OS率显著高于未接受维持治疗的患者（80.0% vs 10.0%，P=0.002）.allo-HSCT是治疗中高危MDS患者的有效方法，但移植后复发仍为影响患者生存的主要因素。多次HMA联合DLI的维持治疗可能提高移植后复发患者的长期生存.

To investigate the clinical efficacy, related side-effectt and long-term survival condition of Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PhClinical data of 19 newly diagnosed as PhThere were 10 males and 9 females with median age of 29 years old. 14 patients were BCR/ABL P190 positive while 5 with BCR/ABL P210 positive. Three patients had complex karyotype, and 3 cases were confirmed to have central nervous system leukemia. All the patients received treatment with the induction chemotherapy regimen of VDCLP and consolidation regimens such as HD-MTX and MAE. 11 patients (57.9%) received dasatinib during induction chemotherapy, 3 patients (15.8%) received dasatinib after remission and 5 patients (26.3%) received dasatinib to replace imatinib. Side-effect appeared in 3 patients including rash, edema and nausea. All the patients got morphological remission and 7 patients(63.6%) got MMR after 4 weeks of induction chemotheraphy. 17 patients (89.5%) got MMR and 15 patients(78.9%) got CMR before allo-HSCT. All the patients received related bone marrow and peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from related donors, the median time of WBC and platelet engraftment were 12 d and 14 d after transplantation, respectively. The incidence rate of aGVHD and cGVHD were 42.1% and 57.9% respectivety. 13 patients received therapy of dasatinib after HSCT but 7 patients discontinued because of severe headache, vomiting and serious effusions. All the patients were followed-up for the median time of 42 months, the 3-year and 5-year OS both were 94.4%, and 3-year and 5-year RFS of 81.9% and 71.6%, respectively.First-line administration of dasatinib and chemotherapy followed by allo-HSCT for treatment of Ph达沙替尼联合化疗序贯异基因造血干细胞移植治疗Ph染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病的临床分析.观察第二代酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）达沙替尼联合化疗并序贯异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）治疗Ph染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病（Ph选取2012年1月至2018年9月于北京大学第一医院确诊为Ph19例患者中，男性10例，女性9例，中位年龄29（3-48）岁。P190阳性14例，P210阳性5例，3例为复杂染色体核型，3例合并脑膜白血病。化疗方案采用VDCLP方案诱导化疗，缓解后应用HD-MTX及MAE等方案巩固强化治疗。11例（57.9%）诱导化疗开始时即加用达沙替尼，3例（15.8%）因粒缺或感染于诱导缓解后加用，5例（26.3%）由伊马替尼更换为达沙替尼。3例出现副反应，分别表现为皮疹、浮肿、恶心。诱导治疗4周100%患者达形态学缓解；7例（63.6%）达主要分子学缓解（MMR），移植前17例（89.5%）达MMR，15例（78.9%）达完全分子学缓解（CMR）。所有患者均接受亲缘骨髓及外周血造血干细胞移植，中位白细胞及血小板植活时间分别为移植后12、14 d，aGVHD发生率为42.1%， cGVHD发生率为57.9%。移植后，13例患者恢复使用达沙替尼，7例因严重头痛、剧烈呕吐或浆膜腔积液停药，6例持续使用至移植后1年。中位随访42个月（10-72月），3年及5年总生存（OS）率均为94.4%，3年及5年非复发生存（RFS）率分别为81.9%及71.6.一线选用第二代TKI达沙替尼联合化疗并序贯allo-HSCT治疗Ph

To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of using decitabine as maintenance therapy for patients with relapsed MDS/AML and as prophylactic therapy for patients with high-risk AML after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Clinical data of 10 patients with MDS/AML from November 2016 to May 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 10 patients there were 4 cases of AML, 2 cases of MDS, and 4 cases of AML transformed from MDS (t-AML). The 10 patients were devided into 2 groups: the relapsed group (n=8) and the prophylactic group (n=2). In relapsed group the decitabine was used as maintenance therapy after achieved complete remission (CR) with decitabine chemotherapy. In prophylactic group the decitabine was used as prophylactic therapy if the patients didn't appear the symptom of graft-versus- host-disease (GVHD) during 30 to 45 d after allo-HSCT. Eight patients received G-CSF-mobilized donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). The dosage of decitabine for maintenance therapy and prophylactic therapy was 5 mg/mUntil Nov 30, 2018, 7 out of 10 patients survived. The average survival time was 15.5±1.9 months. 1-year OS rate was 64.0%. Six patients appeared aGVHD, and four patients appeared cGVHD.The usage of decitabine combined with DLI in patients with relapsed MDS/AML and high-risk AML after allo-HSCT can prolong lives of patients, reduce relapsed rate, and provide the probability for long time survival.地西他滨治疗移植后复发MDS/AML及高危AML患者的临床疗效分析.探讨异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后复发的骨髓增生异常综合征/急性髓系白血病（MDS/AML）患者应用含地西他滨的化疗方案缓解后继续维持治疗的效果及高危AML在allo-HSCT后进行预防性输注地西他滨的疗效.对2016年11月至2018年5月于本院行allo-HSCT术后的10例MDS/AML患者进行回顾性分析，包括AML 4例，MDS 2例，MDS转化的AML（t-AML）4例。10例患者中移植后复发8例，高危AML移植后应用地西他滨预防2例。复发组患者应用地西他滨+化疗达完全缓解（CR）后，继续应用地西他滨维持治疗；预防组患者在移植后30至45 d、无移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）前提下，给予预防性地西他滨输注。8例患者辅以G-CSF动员的供者淋巴细胞输注（DLI）。地西他滨维持治疗及预防性输注的剂量为5 mg/m2×（7-10）d，每4-6周为1个疗程，共3-7个疗程.随访至2018年11月30日，10例患者中7例无病存活，平均生存期为15.5±1.9个月，1年总生存（OS）率为64.0%。10例患者中发生急性GVHD及慢性GVHD者分别为6例和4例.应用地西他滨+DLI治疗allo-HSCT后复发MDS/AML及高危AML患者在allo-HSCT后预防应用地西他滨，可延长无病生存期，降低复发率，为患者获得长期生存提供可能.

To investigate the characteristic changes of the plasma cytokine profile in Chinese patients with idiopathic multicentric Castleman diseases (iMCD).The plasma samples from 22 patients with confirmed diagnosis of iMCD were collected before treatments; Specimens from 17 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, 10 non Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 15 healthy donors were used as control. Seventeen kinds of cytokines were measured by cytokine beads array (CBA) and ELISA respectively.Six cytokines were measured by ELISA. The concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, IL-21 and VEGF were significantly higher in the plasma of iMCD patients than those of the healthy donors (P＜0.01) and the level of IL-21 was highest in the iMCD group. There was no significant difference in the levels of IL-1β and IL-4 between the iMCD and healthy donor groups. Thirteen cytokines were measured by CBA assay, besides IL-6 level was confirmed to be higher in iMCD group than that in healthy controls (P＜0.01）, IL-12-p70 and IL-33 levels were also higher in iMCD group than those in control group (P＜0.05）, no significant difference of the rest cytokines was found between iMCD and the control group.IL-6 and VEGF has shown to involved in the pathogenesis of iMCD, the results of preliminary study imply the role of IL-2 、IL-21、IL-12-p70 and IL-33 in this rare lymphoproliferative disease. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of these cytokines, which may shed some light on the identification of novel therapeutic targets against iMCD.特发性多中心型Castleman病患者细胞因子谱特征的初步分析.研究我国特发性多中心型Castleman病（idiopathic multicentric castleman disease,iMCD）患者血浆中细胞因子谱的特征性改变.收集22例确诊iMCD患者治疗前的血浆标本，并以17例初发多发性骨髓瘤（MM）、10例非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）及15例健康供者血浆标本作为对照，应用细胞因子磁珠阵列(cytokine beads array,CBA)和ELISA 2种方法，检测17种细胞因子的浓度.ELISA法检测的6种细胞因子中，iMCD患者的IL-2，IL-6，IL-21和VEGF的血浆水平均明显高于正常对照（ P＜0.01），且IL-21水平在iMCD组最高；IL-1β和IL-4水平与正常对照无差异。CBA法检测13种细胞因子浓度结果显示，iMCD患者的IL-6、IL-33和IL-12-p70水平均明显高于正常对照（P＜0.01），其余细胞因子与正常对照相比均无显著差异（P＞ 0.05）.除了已知的IL-6和VEGF可能参与了iMCD的发生发展外，IL-2 、IL-21、IL-12-p70和IL-33的作用值得进一步探讨，相关研究可能发现iMCD治疗的新型靶点.

To investigate the clinical manifestations pathologic features, treatment options and prognosis of patients with bone lymphoma.The clinical characteristics, pathologic features, treatment and prognosis of 34 BL patients diagnosed by histopathologic method or/and PET-CT and treated in first hospital of peking university from January 2004 to April 2018 were analyzed retrospectively.The median age of 34 BL patients was 56 years old, the male and female ratio was 1.43∶1 (24 /10). Among 34 patients, the patients with primary bone lymphoma(PBL) were 8 cases, the patients with secondary bone lymphoma(SBL) was 26 cases, the PBL and SBL ratio was 0.31∶1. Bone lymphoma lacks typical systemic symptoms, and its onset began mostly from bone pain and pathologic bone fracture. The most frequent pathological type of bone lymphoma in our study was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), accounting for 55.88%. At present, the conventional treatment for bone lymphoma includes chemotherapy, or chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and surgery, as well as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The average and median OS time of BL patients were 349 years and 3 years respectively, meanwhile the OS rate for three years and two years were 56.25% and 78.16%, respectively. Factors that affect survival of BL patients were PBL and SBL classification, pathological type, blood LDH level, and treatment methods.Bone lymphoma is usually concealed onset，an adequate and adequate combination therapy can improve the survival rate and transplantation therapy plays an important role. Primary bone lymphoma is rare, the prognosis of patients with primary bone lymphoma is good, whereas the prognosis of patients with secondary bone lymphoma is poor.真实世界骨淋巴瘤的病理特征、治疗选择与患者预后评估.探讨骨淋巴瘤的临床特点、病理特征、治疗方法和患者预后.回顾性分析北京大学第一医院2004年1月至2018年4月收治的34例骨淋巴瘤患者的临床特征、病理特点、治疗及预后.34例骨淋巴瘤患者的中位年龄为56 岁，男、女性别比例为1.43∶1。原发性骨髓瘤（PBL） 8例，继发性骨髓瘤（SBL） 26例，PBL与SBL之比为0.31∶1。PBL患者常无明显的全身症状，多因骨痛或病理性骨折起病。病理类型以DLBCL最多，占55.88%。目前骨淋巴瘤的治疗方法为化疗，或化疗辅以放疗或手术，有条件者行造血干细胞移植治疗。本研究中骨淋巴瘤患者平均生存期为3.49年，中位生存期为3年， 3年生存率为82.14%。影响生存期的因素有PBL和SBL分类、病理类型、血LDH水平和治疗方法.骨淋巴瘤起病隐匿，选择足量、充分的联合治疗手段可提高患者的生存率，原发性骨淋巴瘤少见且预后较好，继发性骨淋巴瘤预后差.

tRNA-derived small RNA fragments (tRFs) are one class of small non-coding RNAs derived from transfer RNAs (tRNAs). tRFs play important roles in cellular processes and are involved in multiple cancers. High-throughput small RNA (sRNA) sequencing experiments can detect all the cellular expressed sRNAs, including tRFs. However, distinguishing genuine tRFs from RNA fragments generated by random degradation remains a major challenge. In this study, we developed an integrated web-based computing system, tRF2Cancer, to accurately identify tRFs from sRNA deep-sequencing data and evaluate their expression in multiple cancers. The binomial test was introduced to evaluate whether reads from a small RNA-seq data set represent tRFs or degraded fragments. A classification method was then used to annotate the types of tRFs based on their sites of origin in pre-tRNA or mature tRNA. We applied the pipeline to analyze 10 991 data sets from 32 types of cancers and identified thousands of expressed tRFs. A tool called 'tRFinCancer' was developed to facilitate the users to inspect the expression of tRFs across different types of cancers. Another tool called 'tRFBrowser' shows both the sites of origin and the distribution of chemical modification sites in tRFs on their source tRNA. The tRF2Cancer web server is available at http://rna.sysu.edu.cn/tRFfinder/.

In this study, a method of recycling spent coffee grounds (SCG) is introduced. The SCG was dried and crushed into micron-sized coffee particles. The coffee particles could be used to prepared polyurethane (PU) films with different contents (0wt.%, 5wt.%, 10wt.%, 15wt.%, 20wt.%, 25wt.% and 30wt.%). The anti-ultraviolet property, thermal comfort performance and mechanical property of different PU films were measured. The results showed that after the blending of coffee particles, the films exhibited excellent anti-ultraviolet property and thermal comfort performance, and the mechanical properties were also retained. This study also provided an effective approach to reuse SCG, which is consistent with the environmental-friendly society principle.

In the laboratory model experiment, the velocities of the jet flow along the axis are measured, using the CQY−Z8a velocity-meter. The velocity attenuations of the jet flow along the axis under different conditions are studied. The effects of the aeration concentration, the initial jet velocity at the entry and the thickness of the jet flow on the velocity attenuation of the jet flow are analyzed. It is seen that the velocity attenuation of the jet flow along the axis sees a regular variation. It is demonstrated by the test results that under the experimental conditions, the velocity along the axis decreases linearly. The higher the air concentration is, the faster the velocity will be decayed. The absolute value of the slope K increases with the rise of the air concentration. The relationship can be defined as K = AC a + K b . The coefficient A is 0.03 under the experimental conditions. With the low air concentration of the jet flow, the thinner the jet flow is, the faster the velocity will be decayed. With the increase of the air concentration, the influence of the thickness of the jet flow on the velocity attenuation is reduced. When the air concentration is increased to a certain value, the thickness of the jet flow may not have any influence on the velocity attenuation. The initial jet velocity itself at the entry has no influence on the variation of the velocity attenuation as the curves of the velocity attenuation at different velocities at the entry are practically parallel, even coinciding one with another. Therefore, improving the air concentration of the jet flow and dispersing the jet flow in the plunge pool could reduce the influence of the jet flow on the scour.

To assess the safety and efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in treating patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoma.Thirty-one consecutive patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma received allo-HSCT. Used conditioning regimens included conditioning based on BEAM regimen(12 cases), conditioning based on modified Bu/Cy regimen(11 cases), conditioning based on Cy/TBI regemen(6 cases) and conditioning of Bu/Cy regimen(1 case). For provention of GVHD, the MMF was used on the basis of classcal protocol consisting of CsA combined with MTX. The infused HSC included the HLA-matched related HSC(11 cases), HLA nonidentical related HSC(13 cases) and HLA-matched unrelated HSC(6 cases). The bone marrow plus peripheral blood HSC were infused in 21 cases, while only peripheral blood HSC were infused in 9 cases. Among the 31 cases of relapse/refractory lymphoma, 18 patients were male and 13 were female, 4 cases were Hodgkin's lymphoma and 27 cases were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ALL of the 31 patients were qualified, as they were not in complete remission (CR) or in advanced stage at the time of transplantation.Twenty-seven evaluable patients showed the engraftment of both neutrophil and platelet at a median of 12 days(range 10-20) and 13 days(range 9-34) respectively, 9 cases developed II-IV aGVHD, and cGVHD was observed in 3 patients, 5 patients can not achieve CR at 3 months after transplantation, and 6 patients relapsed after CR, the median follow-up of all the 31 patients after transplantation was 11.5 months (ranged, 0-141 months), and the 2-year OS was 46.1%±9.5% with median survival of 40 (9-141) months in the 15 survivors. The age (P0.05), disease status before transplantation (P=0.020) and remission after transplantation(P=0.000) were significantly related with survival. Cox's proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that the age (P=0.041) and disease statue (P=0.020) before allo-HSCT were independent predictive factors for survival.Allo-HSCT is an optimal treatment strategy for the patients with relapsed and refractory lymphoma who failed to most, if not all, available options.

The shortage of HLA-identical siblings or unrelated donors has restricted the application of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Few studies have systematically assessed survival and chronic health conditions (CHCs) in the same cohort of patients after HLA-mismatched/haploidentical (mismatched) family donor transplantation. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed the survival of 127 adult patients receiving either HLA-matched (71 cases) or HLA-mismatched (56 cases) family donor transplantation. Of 127 patients, 81 patients survived at least 2 years after HSCT and were still alive until the present investigation. We evaluated the CHCs in 76 survivors (41 matched and 35 mismatched). CHC-related information was scored according to the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study questionnaire. There was no significant difference in overall survival or disease-free survival between HLA-matched and -mismatched transplant recipients. The CHCs were less severe in HLA-mismatched recipients than in matched cohorts. Multivariate analysis identified that age over 40 years at transplantation and presence of chronic graft-versus-host disease were independent risk factors for CHCs, while anti-thymocyte globulin-containing conditioning regimens might be protective. However, HLA disparity was not crucial for either the survival rate or CHCs. In conclusion, HLA-mismatched family donor transplantation can achieve comparable therapeutic effects to HLA-identical sibling transplantation.

Chicken feather have many excellent properties, unfortunately, the dark color affects its wide applications. In this study, the three stage bleaching process was used to bleach the dark chicken feather. The effects of the key chemicals on bleaching properties were discussed, and the change of the fine hair whiteness and strength before and after bleaching were investigated. It provides a sound theoretical basis for people understanding and studying the bleaching properties of chicken feather.

As for the level of tail-water often rose when the situation of tailrace river changing during the process of construction of hydroelectric power station, one-dimensional mathematical model is used through two procedures to solve this problem. In the first, the sensitivity of three key parameters including roughness, cross-section spacing Δs, starting regulation level and section in the mathematical model were discussed. The results indicate that: (1) Positive relationship between ΔY/Y and n, shows the greater flow rate, the more sensitive of water depth changes to roughness coefficient; (2) The cross-section spacing Δs affect the large flow more obvious than the smaller; (3) The effect of the middle and lower reaches of river are bigger than the upstream. Research results provided guidance of model parameters selection.

Ramie fiber is known as "China grass". In this paper, Ramie was treated in the experiment of high temperature, low temperature, high and low temperature conditions. The results show that the high temperature affects the strength and breaking elongation obviously for ramie fiber. Low temperature and high & low temperature cycle does not affect much on the strength and breaking elongation.

Objective: To evaluate the role of Decitabine in the allo-HSCT conditioning regimen for intermediate- and high-risk patients with MDS or AML. Methods:Retrospective analysis of data pertaining to 76 intermediate and high-risk patients with MDS or AML who underwent allo-HSCT between December 2005 and June 2018 at the Peking University First Hospital. Forty patients received Decitabine containing conditioning regimen before transplantation, while thirty-six patients received regimen without Decitabine. Results: Overa median follow up of 40 months(range, 1 to 155), the incidence of grade II to IV acute graft versus host disease was 12.5% in the Decitabine group and 41.7% in the non-Decitabine group (P=0.003). On multivariate analysis, Decitabine containing conditioning regimen was found to protect against grade II to IV aGVHD (HR=0.275, 95% confidence interval 0.098-0.770,P=0.014). Incidence of respiratory infection in the Decitabine and non Decitabine groups was 22.5% and 52.78%, respectively (P=0.012). No significant between group difference was observed with respect to 3-year OS, DFS, or RR (P=0.980, 0.959, and 0.837, respectively), while the median relapse time was longer in the Decitabine group [7 months (range, 2 to 12) versus 3 months (range, 2 to 4), P=0.171]. Decitabine containing conditioning showed a tendency for lower relapse rate among higher risk patients, as assessed by IPSS R; however, the between-group difference was not statistically significant (P=0.085). Conclusions: Inclusionof Decitabine in the conditioning regimen for allo-HSCT in intermediate- and high-risk patients may lower the incidence of aGVHD and respiratory infections, and contribute to longer median relapse time. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Cavitation bubbles behind a convex body were experimentally studied by a high speed camera and a hydrophone synchronously. The experiments were conducted in a circulating water tunnel with five various contraction ratios: β = 0.497, β = 0.6, β = 0.697, β = 0.751, and β = 0.799. The distributions of the cavitation bubble collapse positions behind the five different convex bodies were obtained by combining the images taken by the high speed camera. According to the collapse positions, it was found that no cavitation bubble was collapsed in the region near the wall until the ratio of the water head loss over the convex body height was larger than 20, which can be used to predict if the cavitation damage would occur in the tunnel with orifice energy dissipaters.

Experiments are carried out by using high-speed photography to investigate the interaction between the spark-generated cavitation bubble and the air bubble in its surrounding fluid. Three problems are discussed in detail: the impact of the air bubble upon the development of the cavitation bubble, the evolution of the air bubble under the influence of the cavitation bubble, and the change of the fluid pressure during the development of a micro jet of the cavitation bubble. Based on the experimental results, under the condition of no air bubble present, the lifetime of the cavitation bubble from expansion to contraction increases with the increase of the maximum radius. On the other hand, when there is an air bubble present, different sized cavitation bubbles have similarity with one another generally in terms of the lifetime from expansion to contraction, which does not depend on the maximum radius. Also, with the presence of an air bubble, the lifetime of the smaller cavitation bubble is extended while that of the bigger ones reduced. Furthermore, it is shown in the experiment that the low pressure formed in the opposite direction to the cavitation bubble micro jet makes the air bubble in the low pressure area being stretched into a steplike shape.

In order to get clear cotton rustling sound signal, which will be analyzed to provide information at a certain stage of fabric processing for developing cotton products, before analysis of the data, it is the need for de-noising processing. The two de-noising methods, the median filtering method and the wavelet method are proposed in this paper. Their principles and algorithms are described. The cotton sound signals are exposed to interference and influence of some kinds of noise signal in the process of the data measured. So in practical applications, the two de-noising methods are used to process cotton rustling sound. The results of the process show the methods of processing the cotton sound signal are effective. The clear signal is getting to the next research.

Air entrainment is an effective approach to protect release works from cavitation damage. The traditional method of aerator device designs is that, for given flow conditions, the geometries of the aerator device are designed and then the effects are experimentally tested for cavitation damage control. The present paper proposes an inverse problem method of determining the bottom slopes in front of and behind an aerator if the requirements of air entrainment, flow conditions and some of aerator geometric parameters are given. An RBF neural network model is developed and the relevant bottom slopes are calculated in different conditions of flow and geometry on the basis of the data of 19 aerator devices from different discharge tunnels with safe operation. The case study shows that the methodology provides an effective way to design aerator devices under given target conditions.

Measurements of turbulent flow fields in a stilling basin of multi-horizontal submerged jets were made with the single-camera Particle Image Velocimetry (Pry). The particle images were captured, processed, and subsequently used to characterize the flow in terms of the 2-D velocity and vorticity distributions. This study shows that the maximum close-to-bed velocity in the stilling basin is approximately reduced by 60%, comparing to the jet velocity at the outlet of orifices. The jet velocity is distributed evenly at the latter half of the stilling basin and the time-averaged velocity of the cross section is reduced by 77%-85%, comparing to the jet velocity at the outlet of orifices. These results show that the vortices with horizontal axes are continuously repeated during the form-merge-split-disappear process. The vertical vortices are continuously formed and disappeared, they appear randomly near the slab and intermittently reach the slab of the stilling basin. The range of these vortices is small. Vortices with horizontal axes and vertical vortices do not coincide in space and the vortices with horizontal axes only affect the position of the tail of the vertical vortices attached to the slab of the stilling basin.

A LC voltage-control oscillator（LC-VCO） with two stage LC cross coupling structure is designed for serial communication applications. The design constraints and tradeoffs among power dissipation and startup condition, tank amplitude, tuning range are executed using graphical optimization method. This design strategy leads to a good phase noise performance which is demonstrated through design example. This LC-VCO is implemented using 0.18-m RF CMOS process. The post-simulation results show that the circuit has an output frequency from 3.23G to 3GHz, and phase noise is -125.2dBc/1MHz. The VCO only occupies a chip area of 600m*800m, and it consumes 16 mW. A Comparison to prior arts further supports this design example and its optimization technique. The most important thing of this work is that a method of separating variables to analyze design problems is suggested.

Influence of insulator layer width on propagation properties of symmetric surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode, which is excited through a dipole embedded in SiO2 layer of Au/SiO2/Au structure in metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide, has been investigated. The symmetric SPP mode has a propagation length along SiO2/Au interface that depends on SiO2 layer width. Its maximal value is 0.61 μm with SiO2 layer width of 100 nm. These values provide a theoretical reference for designing a high-performance SPP source using Au/SiO2/Au structure.

To investigate the propagate channel for implantable devices deep inside of a human body to receiver on-body or outside body, a 3D electromagnetic model of human body which including 85 kinds of different human tissues and organs, based on CT and MRI slices data take from living human males, was built. The in-body channel path gain in different distance for 2.5/3.5 GHz biomedical implants was investigated using electromagnetic (EM) simulator and its numerical sta-tistical model was presented. EM simulation and numerical computational results show that the dis-tance dependent path gain for inside body can be modeled by a modificatory classical power law function with root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.6 and 3.9 for 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz, respectively

Durable press (DP) finishing is the common process to impart anti-creasing properties to cotton fabrics. Conventionally, the whole fabric was treated by pad-dry-cure (PDC) process in one treating bath. However, this process led to the serious loss of the cotton fabrics in mechanical properties. In this work, the cotton yarns were treated with DP finishing solution. And subsequently, they were dried and cured in a certain temperature. The wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of yarns was measured. The relationship between the treating process and WRA was studied. The affecting parameters on WRA were acquired by experiment. This work provides basic data for people to know and understand the role of anti-creasing yarns in the whole fabric.

This paper presents results of model tests for the landslide dam failure of a single dam and cascade dams in a sloping channel. The dams were designed to be regular trapezoid with fine sand. A new measuring method named the labeled line locating method was used to digitalize the captured instantaneous pictures. Under two different inflow discharges, the morphological evolution and the flow patterns during one dam failure and the failure of cascade dams were investigated. The results indicate that when the inflow discharge is large, the deformation pattern of the downstream dam is similar to that of the upstream dam, and both dams are characterized with the overtopping scour throughout the dam failure process. When the inflow discharge is small, the upstream dam is scoured mainly through a sluice slot formed by the longitudinal incision, and the downstream dam is characterized with the overtopping scour. The data set presented in this paper can be used for the validation of numerical models and provide a reference for the flood risk management of cascade landslide dams.

Genetic and physiological studies have revealed evidences for multiple signaling pathways by which the plastid exerts retrograde control over photosynthesis-associated-nuclear-genes (PhANGs). Recently, more and more studies showed that plastid signals affected more cellular processes other than PhANGs repression. Previous reports indicated that the herbicide norflurazon (NF)-derived signals, sugar signals and plastid gene expression (PGE)-derived signals all regulated anthocyanin accumulation and early anthocyanin biosynthesis gene expression in newly-germinated seedlings. In the research, we found that these signals also work as well for anthocyanin biosynthesis genes in mature Arabidopsis seedlings. Sugar/PGE signals doubled leaf total anthocyanins within 48 h (accumulated at the base of petiole), while NF signals induced a little anthocyanin accumulation (about 30 % and invisible to the naked eye). The plastid hexokinase (pHXK) participates in sugar/PGE signalling, while the plastid Genomes uncoupled protein 1 (GUN1) and the nuclear ABA-insensitive transcription factor 4 (ABI4) are involved in both sugar/PGE signalling and NF-derived signalling.

In this paper, the superfine wool powder and chitosan complex membranes were prepared. Their structure and properties were studied by swelling capacity, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravity, and tensile testing. The results showed that the addition of wool powder improved water resistance of the film and had little effect on thermal degradation of the blended membrane, while it decreased the integrity of intrinsic crystalline structure and thus the tensile property of the blended films. Absorption studies were carried out to investigate the interaction of complex membrane with a natural dye, Rhizoma coptidis. The results showed that the dye uptake of the membrane with Rhizoma coptidis increased with wool powder content.

This study presents a novel, simple and accurate approximation of the eigenvalues of the sequent depth ratio of the hydraulic jump formed in an arbitrary gradually expanding prismatic channel. An iterative method is proposed to calculate the sequent depth ratio directly. The presented formulas are applicable to all ranges of side slopes and expansion angles for the channel. The prediction is compared with experimental data and earlier calculations for the range of expansion angles from 3 to 9° in a trapezoidal and rectangular expanding channel. The results indicate that the proposed method is accurate yet simple to use and free of empirical coefficients.

A novel kind of efficient solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on crosslinked polyester matrix has been prepared by employing low molecular weight PEG (oligo-PEG, Mw = 400 g/mol), followed by crosslinking of the PEG with citric acid (CA). The oligo-PEG, with small coil size, can be easily penetrated into mesopores of TiO2 photoelectrode, while the mechanical stability of the SPE can also be maintained by crosslinking. The factor of weight ratio of CA cross linker in the hybrid plays an important role in determining the intersegmental distance and free volume of the polymer matrix, which sequentially affects the electrochemical activity of the conductive ions and then the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte. By using the 32.4 wt.% CA in the matrix, the SPE with the optimal room temperature conductivity (σ) of 5.43×10-5 S/cm was obtained.

Novel asymmetric composite scaffolds of chitosan superfine powder (CSP) and biomedical polyurethane (BPU) were prepared by an immersion-precipitation phase inversion method. Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a pore-forming agent on the structure and performance of the CSP/BPU composite scaffolds were investigated. The morphology and structure of the composite scaffolds were verified via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and porosity measurement. The performance of composite scaffolds was characterized by determination of the swelling ratio, measurement of the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), mechanical test, and degradation experiment. The result showed that all CSP/BPU scaffolds were asymmetric with a skin layer near the top surface and a porous supporting solid matrix. The porosity and average pore size of CSP/BPU scaffolds exhibited a maximum value at 5 wt% PVP. The crystallinity and the lamellar thickness (L) of composite scaffolds decreased with increasing PVP content from 0 to 8 wt%. The swelling ratio of CSP/BPU scaffolds also exhibited a maximum value as PVP increased to 5 wt%, which suggested that swelling ratios were controlled by the porosity, whereas, with increasing PVP content, the WVTR of CSP/BPU scaffolds increased and the tensile properties and degradation rates showed a decreasing tendency. Consequently, through adjusting PVP content, CSP/BPU scaffolds prepared by immersion precipitation phase transformation could be a potential material that could be applied in skin tissue engineering. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 31: 310–318, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.20254

A dynamic method was investigated to measure thermal and humidity properties of cotton fabrics. In order to simulate ambient air condition, testing sample was rotated during measuring process, and surface temperature and humidity on fabrics in various simulated wind speeds (rotation speeds) and different moisture regains was studied. As a result, in the process of moisture vapor releasing under dynamic ambient environment, a corresponding curve of the surface humidity increased in first stage, then keep an almost constant humidity values, and decreased at last, on the contrary, related curve of surface temperature decreased at the beginning, then held a stationary temperature value in the second phases, and finally increased as time passed. The faster speed of ambient simulated air current (rotation speed), the more time related surface temperature and humidity last.

Dam break can cause a significant disaster in the downstream, especially, in a valley with cascade reservoirs, which would aggravate the disaster extent. The experimental studies of the dam-break flow of cascade reservoirs are few and far between at the present. Most of related studies concern the failure of a single dam.. This article presents an experimental study of the characteristics of an instantly filled dam-break flow of cascade reservoirs in a rectangular glass flume with a steep bottom slope. A new method was used to simulate the sudden collapse of the dam. A series of sensors for automatic water-levels were deployed to record the rapid water depth fluctuation. The experimental results show that, the ratio of the initial water depth of the downstream reservoir to that of the upstream reservoir would greatly affect the flood peak water depth in the downstream reservoir area and in the stream channel behind the downstream dam, while the influence of the dam spacing is insignificant. In addition, the comparison between the single reservoir and the cascade reservoirs shows some difference in the dam-break flow pattern and the stage hydrograph at the corresponding gauging points.

For sudden expansion pipes, experiments were carried out to study the cavitation inception for various enlargement ratios in high speed flows. The flow velocity of the prototype reaches 50 m/s in laboratory. The relationship between the expansion ratio and the incipient cavitation number is obtained. The scale and velocity effects are revealed. It is shown that Keller's revised formula should be modified to calculate the incipient cavitation number when the forecasted velocity of the flows in the prototype exceeds the experimental velocity.

regeneration silk fibroin particles prepared through the dissolving-regeneration route do not fulfill many desired requirements for bio-related applications, due to their partial solubility in water. So, Native silk fibroin powder (NSFP) was prepared by mechanical method to instead of regeneration silk fibroin particles. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the inflammatory response of polyurethane/NSFP composite membrane containing aspirin implanted in mice. The polyurethane/NSFP composite membranes containing aspirin were fabricated by coagulation technique at 30°C. The composite membranes were embedded in mice for 1 weeks and inflammatory response of composite membranes in mice was studied. Inflammatory cells accumulation occurred around implanted polyurethane/NSFP composite membrane, but was reduced significantly in composite membrane containing aspirin. The results indicated that the aspirin released from composite membrane of polyurethane and NSFP could suppress the replication of inflammatory cells and prevent the entering of cells into composite membrane.

3-D numerical simulation was carried out for the water flow in a stilling basin with multi-horizontal submerged jets by using two different turbulence models, namely, the VOF RNG k-e and Mixture RNG k-e turbulence models. The calculated water depth, velocity profile and pressure distribution are in good agreement with the data obtained in experiments. It indicates that the numerical simulation can effectively be used to study the water flow movement and the energy dissipation mechanism. The numerical simulation results show that the turbulent kinetic energy distribution obtained by using the Mixture turbulence model covers a region about 18% larger than that calculated by using the VOF turbulence model, and is in better agreement with the actual situation. Furthermore, the Mixture turbulence model is better than the VOF turbulence model in calculating the air entrainment.

Surface modification of plasma treatment was employed to improve the interface between silk fibroin (SF) powder and polyurethane (PU) in preparation of SF powder/PU blend film. Morphology analysis showed that plasma-treated blend film became dense and compact. The water vapor permeability of blend film from treated powder was significantly lowered. Plasma-treated artificial blood vessel was nearly waterproof, of which the water permeability was about 1/40 of the original value. Correspondingly, the compliance of plasma-treated vessel was enhanced remarkably, indicating it has better elasticity and flexibility which is more suitable for its application in tissue engineering.

Thermo- and pH-sensitive hydrogels were synthesized via the copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and methacrylic acid (MAA) crosslinked with a biodegradable PEG-co-PCL macromolecular crosslinker under UV irradiation. Swelling measurements showed that temperature and pH sensitivity of the resultant hydrogels were highly dependent on the composition of the hydrogels as well as temperature and pH of the local medium. The pH and temperature dependence of the hydrogels displayed good reversibility. The hydrolytic degradation studies showed that the degradation rate of the hydrogels increased with the increasing content of MAA introduced in the hydrogels in pH 7.4 PBS solutions at 37 °C. The study on the release of BSA indicated that the release rate of BSA was higher at pH 7.4 than at pH 2.0, and increased with the increase of the MAA content in the hydrogels in pH 7.4 PBS solutions at 37 °C. These hydrogel materials are desirable for potential applications as smart drug delivery systems.

The hydraulic characteristics of three types of plugs, namely, the single plug, the stepped plug and the gradually contracted plug were studied by means of experimental and numerical simulations. Main research findings are as follows. For the single plug, the pressure recovery lengths inside and after the plug range from 0.63–1.05 times and 2.02–2.84 times of the tunnel diameter, respectively. For the stepped plug, the lengths are 0.24–0.32 times and 1.62–2.84 times of the tunnel diameter, respectively. The best ratio of the inlet diameter to the outlet diameter of the gradually contracted plug can be expressed by a linear function. The relationship between the head loss coefficient and the area contraction ratio is obtained. The incipient cavitation numbers of different plugs are experimentally and numerically determined, and the incipient cavitation numbers are expressed by a formula. Model experiment with scale of 1:50 was carried out on a pressure tunnel with three-stage gradually contracted plugs. The results show that this type of energy dissipater is suitable for spill tunnels of high head (nearly 200 m) and large flow rate (nearly 2500 m3/s).

Several kinds of biodegradable hydrogels were prepared viain situ photopolymerization of Pluronic F127/poly(e-caprolactone) macromer and acrylic acid (AA) comonomer in aqueous medium. The swelling kinetics measurements showed that the resultant hydrogels exhibited both thermo- and pH-sensitive behaviors, and that this stimuli-responsiveness underwent a fast reversible process. With increasing pH of the local buffer solutions, the pH sensitivity of the hydrogels was increased, while the temperature sensitivity was decreased.In vitro hydrolytic degradation in the buffer solution (pH 7.4, 37 °C), the degradation rate of the hydrogels was greatly improved due to the introduction of the AA comonomer. Thein vitro release profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA)in-situ embedded into the hydrogels were also investigated: the release mechanism of BSA based on the Peppas equation was followed Case II diffusion. Such biodegradable dual-sensitive hydrogel materials may have more advantages as a potentially interesting platform for smart drug delivery carriers and tissue engineering scaffolds.

To create thermo-sensitive supramolecular hydrogels with high mechanical strength, viscous gel precursors were first formed via block-selected inclusion complexation between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and Pluronic F68/poly(e-caprolactone) block copolymer terminated with acryloyl groups in aqueous media, and subsequently in situ photocrosslinking was employed in the presence of a photoinitiator. The supramolecular assembly in photocrosslinked hydrogels was revealed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The rheological studies demonstrated that in situ photocrosslinking could greatly improve the mechanical strength of the gellike precursors. The swelling measurements showed that as-obtained hydrogel displayed a thermo-responsive property. The temperature dependence of the hydrogels decreased with the increase of the β-CD amounts introduced. The resultant hydrogels have the potential to use as carriers for drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffolds.

For the 90° equal-width open-channel junction flow, the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved while using the 3-D k − ω model. The mean flow pattern and the secondary current are obtained. The model is validated by experimental data, and then applied to investigate the effect of the discharge ratio on the shape of separation zone shape, the cross-sectional mean flow angle and the contraction coefficient. The results are fairly close to those of the prior studies. The numerical modeling is both less time-consuming and less expensive to obtain the various flow parameters needed for engineering design.