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Purpose Pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is associated with favourable outcomes of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, a proportion of TNBC patients with the residual disease do not relapse and achieve long-term survival. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers that predict clinical outcomes in these patients. Patients and Methods A retrospective series of 10 TNBC patients who displayed non-pCR to NACT were included in the discovery cohort. Total RNA from pre-NACT core biopsies and paired surgical specimens were subjected to the Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify signal pathways and gene signatures associated with metastasis. The Cox proportional hazard model and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were employed to assess the prognostic value of the identified signature in two independent TNBC datasets included in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Results The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway was markedly more enriched in pre- (NES = 1.92; p.adjust = 0.019) and post-NACT samples (NES = 2.02; p.adjust = 0.010) from patients who developed metastasis after NACT. A subset of 6 EMT genes including LUM, SFRP4, COL6A3, MMP2, CXCL12, and HTRA1 were expressed constantly at higher levels in samples from patients who progressed to metastatic disease. The potential of the 6-EMT gene signature to predict TNBC metastasis after NACT was validated with a GEO dataset (HR=0.36, p=0.0008, 95% CI: 0.200–0.658). Moreover, the signature appeared of predictive value in another GEO dataset of TNBC patients who received surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.225–0.937). Conclusion Expression analysis of the 6-EMT gene signature at diagnosis may be of predictive value for metastasis in TNCB patients who did not achieve pCR to NACT and for patients treated with surgery in combination with adjuvant therapy.

Chao-Yi Ge,1,* Li-Yuan Wei,2,* Yu Tian,1 Hua-Hong Wang1 1Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hua-Hong WangDepartment of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 010- 83575675Email wwwanghuahong@163.comPurpose: Ulcerative colitis (UC) patients have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and compared with sporadic CRC, ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is more aggressive with a worse prognosis. This study aimed to identify a gene signature to predict the risk of CAC for patients with UC in remission.Patients and Methods: Series of quiescent UC-related transcriptome data obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data set were divided into a training set and a validation set. Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) combined with protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis were used to identify the pathways and gene signatures related to tumorigenesis among quiescent UC patients. A generalized linear model (GLM) of Poisson regression based on the training set was applied to estimate the diagnostic power of the gene signature in our validation set.Results: The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling via NF-κB pathway was significantly augmented with the highest normalized enrichment score (NES). The genes in the brown module from WGCNA have shown a significant correlation with CAC (Pearson coefficient = 0.83, p = 6e-06). A subset of NF-κB related genes (FOS, CCL4, CXCL1, MYC, CEBPB, ATF3, and JUNB) were identified with a relatively higher expression level in CAC samples. The diagnostic value of this 7-gene biomarker was estimated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 0.82 (p< 0.0001, 95% CI: 0.7098– 0.9400) in the validation cohort.Conclusion: In summary, the increased expression of this seven-NF-κB-related gene signature may act as a powerful index for tumorigenesis prediction among patients with UC in remission.Keywords: ulcerative colitis; UC, remission, colitis-associated colorectal cancer; CAC, diagnostic model

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the clinical efficacy of different mass concentrations of pingyangmycin in the local injection treatment of lip venous malformation. An animal experimental study of the histopathological effects of different mass concentrations of pingyangmycin on the normal lip tissue of rabbits was also conducted. METHODS: (I) We retrospectively analysed 98 out-patients with lip venous malformation in the Stomatological Hospital and the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University from January 2008 to June 2013. The 98 cases were treated by local injection of different mass concentrations (8 mg/3 mL and 8 mg/5 mL) of pingyangmycin for the different sites of the lips. The clinical efficacy was observed, and adverse reactions were recorded. (II) 60 healthy male rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: a 8 mg/5 mL pingyangmycin group, a 8 mg/3 mL pingyangmycin group, and a control group. The right upper lips of the experimental groups were injected with 1ml pingyangmycin (8 mg/5 mL) and 1ml pingyangmycin (8 mg/3 mL) respectively, and the control group was injected with the same volume of normal saline. The thickness of the right upper lip of rabbits in the experimental groups and the control group was measured on the 21st, 28th, 35th, and 60th days after the first injection. Histopathological changes at the injection site were observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: Venous malformations involving the skin tissues of the lips (pingyangmycin 8 mg/3 mL) had an effective rate of 93.62%, and those involving the labial mucosa tissues (pingyangmycin 8 mg/5 mL) had an effective rate of 98.04%. In the animal experiment, there were statistically significant differences in the thickness of the injection site among the 8 mg/3 mL group, 8 mg/5 mL group, and the control group at different time points (P

Fluorine-based amphiphobic coatings have been widely used in commercial domestic utensils and textiles to repel water and oil contaminants. However, few reports from the literature survey have discussed the effects on amphiphobicity of the nano- to micro-scale surface features of such a coating. In this research thin amphiphobic epoxy coatings based on a mixture of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), and a particular alkoxy silane with fluorinated side chains (F-silane) are deposited on silicon wafers. Film amphiphobicity is characterized by the measurement of water and oil contact angles of the coating. Film morphology is revealed in the scanned images using atomic force microscopy. The deposited films free of F-silane are about 10 nm thick. When a small amount of F-silane was firstly added, the water and oil contact angles of the deposited films jumped up to 107° and 69° respectively and then flattened out with increased F-silane. Water droplets gave an average plateau contact angle about 110°, while vegetable oil ones, 40°. It was noted that there is a dramatic decrease in the lyophobicity causing a reduction in contact angles. However, surface lyophobicity also depends on sub-microscopic surface structures. In addition, by increasing TEOS, it was shown that the formed silica sols or granules were helpful in enhancing the mechanical strength along with retaining the lyophobicity of the film.

Metal alloys such as Mg2Ni and TiFe can absorb and store H2 to form metal hydrides. The alloys are frequently prepared by grinding the metal ingredients together. In this work, a solvothermal synthesis was taken to prepare the Mg-Ni/C nanocomposite from vitamin C, magnesium acetate, and nickel acetate, using ethylene glycol as solvent and reductant. Without adding Pd as nucleating agent, it is proposed to obtain Mg-Ni alloys by reduction and carbon nanoparticles by carbonization. XRD analysis shows that Mg2Ni and Mg-Ni2 have been formed as nanocomposite with carbon. After calcination in vacuum at 500 °C for 1 h, the Mg-Ni/C nanocomposite showed enhanced magnetism. XRD results give peaks of Ni and MgO, indicative of phase separation and Mg oxidation. In conclusion, it is feasible to synthesize Mg-Ni/C or other carbon-containing hydrogen storage composites using the solvothermal method.

Carbon spheres (CSs) have been an important subject of research in recent years. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) was carried out in this work to synthesize solid-core CSs at mild temperatures from 720 to 810 °C. Non-magnetic metal complexes of La, Nb, and Ti, dispersed on porous kaolin support, were tried out as catalyst. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the graphitic structures of CSs. TEM analysis showed no encapsulated transition-metal nanoparticles inside the CSs. It was found by Raman spectra that the La catalyst resulted in CSs with higher graphitization. To examine the potential applications of CSs to the fields such as catalysis, electrochemistry, and electronic device, values of the thermal and electrical conductivity of the prepared CSs using different catalysts were measured and found to be comparable to those of the commercial carbon black.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was surface modified by tetrafluoromethane (CF4) plasma and its effect on the human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) adhesion and proliferation were investigated. The promotion of MCF-7 cell growth was positively and quantitatively related to the CF4 plasma modification as revealed by different characterizations. From ESCA analysis, it is revealed that CF4 plasma treatment chemically alters the capability of PMMA to adsorb proteins from cell culture medium, which is about four times comparing to that of pristine PMMA. In addition to chemical alteration, CF4 plasma also concurrently delivered physical modification by doubling the surface roughness, as observed by AFM analysis.

This work presents a novel approach to decant and meter supernatant on a centrifugal platform. Supernatant decanting, such as decanting plasma from the centrifuged whole blood, is an important sample preparation procedure for the whole blood bioassays. By manipulating the centrifugally induced pressure and the elastic deformation of the chamber’s plastic lid, fixed amounts of the supernatant can be decanted into the detection chamber. This approach has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and ease of operation.

Measuring the electrical conductance is of importance in fabricating electronic devices based on semiconducting thin films. In this report, electrically conducting polypyrrole (PPy) nano-films were deposited on insulating mica plates by admicellar polymerization. It becomes difficult to measure such film conductance in the lateral direction due the nanometric thickness which only allows for very low electrical current. In order to understand the effects of surfactant on the film conductivity, morphological studies using atomic force microscopy and conductance measurements with a sub-fA multimeter were performed. Higher conductances were found for PPy thin films made using surfactant templates, than that of a bare mica surface. Using the two-line probe method by drawing two lines of silver glue 8 mm apart on the sample surface, the current–voltage curves of bare mica surface yielded a lateral conductance of 6.0 × 10 − 13 S. In comparison, PPy thin films made using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant templates showed conductances of 1.2 × 10 − 11 S and 7.7 × 10 − 12 S, respectively. The higher conductances indicate tunneling, hopping, and percolation of charge carriers throughout the films. The lower-bound conductivities were calculated as 4.0 × 10 − 3 S/cm and 2.6 × 10 − 3 S/cm, measured based on the average thickness 2.3 nm for the SDS-PPy films and 2.4 nm for the CTAB-PPy films. Conductivities for both SDS and CTAB template PPy films are found to be of the same order.

The wettability of yarns from plain cotton fabric and from polystrene-coated fabric modified by admicellar polymerization was examined by transient force measurements with a microbalance. Analysis of the observed time scales and forces suggests that water transport in cotton yarn proceeds by an initial rapid, capillary-driven axial flow over the exterior, followed by a radial flow between fibers, and is completed by a slow diffusion of water into the individual fibers. Both the initial and final forces indicated a significant reduction in the affinity of the modified fabric for water. Admicellar polymerization after optimization yielded coated cotton yarn that absorbed only 3% of the water retained by the unmodified yarn.

The overall time required for precipitation to occur can increase dramatically for surfactant mixtures compared to single components. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used in this study to examine the precipitated surfactant crystals, which gives insight into both the thermodynamics and kinetics of surfactant precipitation. Calcium dodecyl sulfate, Ca(DS)2 shows regular, layered growth that is consistent with a screw-dislocation crystallization mechanism. Calcium octylbenzene sulfonate, Ca(OBS)2, forms crystals with uneven, jagged edges. At high magnification, the head groups of both Ca(DS)2 and Ca(OBS)2 show hexagonal packing. For mixtures that have surprisingly slow precipitation kinetics, the jagged Ca(OBS)2 crystals were observed to grow on the layered Ca(DS)2 crystals. Other surfactant mixtures that exhibited a stepwise rate curve formed crystals with incomplete layers and holes that are not observed with pure surfactants. In general, this type of crystal formation can occur when an impurity is present, which in this case is most likely the second surfactant. This work indicates that interruption of crystal growth by crystallization of a dissimilar supersaturated surfactant onto the first crystal is one explanation for the slower precipitation of surfactant mixtures compared to single surfactants. Entrapment of the nonprecipitating surfactant (inclusion) in the forming crystal of the precipitating surfactant in mixed surfactant systems is another mechanism responsible for the reduction in precipitation rate.

We report a new method to control both the nucleation and growth of SiO 2 to form nanopatterns width in an oil phase, using poly(styrene-b-4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-4PV) as a template. The resulting SiO 2 can be selectively grown on protonated 4VP blocks up to a height of 8 nm by 60 nm.

Admicellar polymerizations were conducted in aqueous solutions to form electrically conducting poly(pyrrole) (PPy) ultrathin films on mica and graphite. Separate solutions were used for monomer adsolubilization and polymerization, so that at the start of the reaction step, the only monomer in solution was localized at the solid−liquid interface. Film morphology and thickness were examined using contact mode and noncontact mode atomic force microscopy and compared to previous results where oxidant was added to the adsorbing solution. PPy films formed on graphite from water or surfactant solutions were mainly composed of interlinked islands and disks (small and thin islands) at high density. On the other hand, PPy deposited on mica in water alone formed randomly scattered islands without any continuous film formation, while PPy from surfactant solutions formed the same type of films with islands and disks. The thickness of the well-connected films could be made less than 5 nm depending on reaction condition...

Fluorine-based amphiphobic coatings have been widely used in commercial textiles to provide water- and oil-repelling abilities. However, few reports from the literature survey have discussed the surface structural effects of the coated substrate on amphiphobicity. In this research, various thickness amphiphobic coatings based on mixed epoxy, tetraethylorthosilicate, and a particular alkoxysilane with fluorinated side chains (F-silane) were deposited on Grade 420 stainless steel plates. Film amphiphobicity is characterized by measuring the water and oil contact angles of the coating. Film morphology is examined using atomic force microscopy. The deposited films free of F-silane are thinner than 150 nm. The films become thick at high F-silane volume percentage with the surface cavities, ridges, and granules being masked out. On the addition of F-silane, the water contact angle of the deposited films increases up to 105° and then reaches a plateau of ∼ 107° with increasing F-silane. In contrast, the oil contact angle increases up to 60° at first and then slowly declines with the F-silane concentration. The total drop of oil contact angle by ∼ 20° was attributed to the masking out of surface features on film thickening. This indicates that the surface oleophobicity depends on surface structures. Therefore, improving surface amphiphobicity correlates with creating more refined multiscale surface structures during the industrial manufacturing process of steel plate, prior to surface modification by F-silane. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41003.

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have wide applications in energy storage devices, electrically conducting composites, selective adsorbents, and catalyst supports. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition was carried out in this work to synthesize CNFs at mild temperatures of 700 and 800 degrees C. Non-ferromagnetic metal complexes of La, Nb, and Ti, spread on porous NaX-type zeolite support, were tested as new catalyst. CNFs ranging from 30 to 200 nm in diameter were obtained. Images of transmission electron microscopy showed encapsulated transition-metal nanoparticles by CNFs. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the crystalline structures of La (FCC), Nb (BCC), and Ti (HCP) formed over zeolite. Magnetic hysteresis loops showed superconductivity from the CNF-encapsulated Nb at 2 K. Raman spectra showed that all the samples possessed graphitic and amorphous carbon structures. Based on the SEM images and Raman spectra, the three metals all catalyzed the synthesis of CNFs.

Chemical deposition of electrically conducting polypyrrole (PPy) thin films on mica and alumina was carried out in aqueous solutions with and without surfactant. Examination of film morphology and thickness by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated a strong dependence of structure on the method of preparation. Films grown in the absence of surfactant were thicker than 150 nm with wrinkles present, indicating the overcoming of film–substrate adhesion by internal film cohesion. Oxidative polymerization with surfactant allowed reproducible synthesis of very thin films (50 nm thickness) with improved adhesion and suppressed formation of wrinkles. Experimental results are discussed within the context of a Stranski–Krastanov model of film growth. Film thickness and surface fractal dimensions were derived from AFM. Fractal analysis of PPy films on alumina helped discern their presence on the microscopically rough substrate and quantitatively expressed the changes in sample color by surface roughness.

Borate-crosslinked guar gels were prepared and characterized to understand their capability to suspend and transport sand particles through a fracture created in a petroleum reservoir. In this study the crosslinked gels were formulated by varying the borate crosslinker concentrations that were selected such that the gels satisfied the minimum viscosity criteria (100 cP at 100/s) used to evaluate crosslinked gels for their suspension capabilities. However, some of these gels did not exhibit satisfactory particles transport through a slot that models a parallel fracture. These gels were then characterized using oscillatory measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to understand the influence of the microscopic behavior of the crosslinked gels on their macroscopic performance in the slot. The results showed that the suspension transport characteristics of these gels could be described through crosslinked networks formed across the guar polymer. The AFM images and rheological measurements of these gels suggest that the elastic modulus provides more useful information than the viscosity about the crosslinked gel structure and their capability to suspend sand particles. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2978–2990, 2001

Thin films of polypyrrole (PPY) were deposited on alumina particles using hexanoic acid adsorbed on the particles as a template. The formation of the template on alumina was confirmed through studies of the adsorption of hexanoic acid at various pH values. The adsorption results could be fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm at pH levels of 5 and 6, indicating monolayer adsorption. Solubilization studies of pyrrole on alumina particles with adsorbed hexanoic acid in aqueous solution at pH levels of 3, 4, 5, and 6 showed that a large amount of pyrrole was condensed at the interface at a pH level of 4, and subsequent polymerization can be carried out at the surface of alumina. In the atomic force microscopy studies, the morphology of the resulting PPY on alumina particles showed multigranular images similar to those of pure polypyrrole films and all alumina particles were completely coated by polypyrrole films. The contact conductivity of these PPY−alumina composites (4.7 × 10-2 s·cm-1) is more than 3 ...

Techniques for growing p-PbSe0.78Te0.22/n-Pb1−xSnxSe1−yTey/n-PbSe0.78Te0.22 double heterostructures (x up to 0.2 in the liquid growth solution) on (100) BaF2 substrates by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) are described. Inclusion-free epilayers and good wipeoffs have been consistently achieved using these techniques. Surface morphology of the epilayers is investigated using Nomarski microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission measurements show optical absorption edge energies vary monotonically with tin content and with temperature at an average rate of 0.41 meV per degree in the temperature range of 300 K to 130 K. Tunable diode lasers (TDLs) fabricated from these structures are expected to span a spectral range of 5–7 μm for x=5% and 6–9 μm for x=12% in this temperature range.

To evaluate the clinical effect of using different concentrations of pingyangmycin to treat venous malformations in oral and maxillofacial region.One hundred and ninety-four patients with venous malformations in oral and maxillofacial region were included and treated by pingyangmycin injection with different concentrations. For superficial cutaneous venous malformations, the concentration of pingyangmycin was 8mg/mL while 8mg/5mL for venous malformations limited to oral mucosa or submucosa.The efficient of cutaneous venous malformations was 94.9%,while 100% for oral mucosal and submucosa.Using different concentrations of pingyangmycin for venous malformations in different sites can get good results and reduce unnecessary complications.

Reflection high-energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy were used to study the initial growth of CaF2 on Si(110) and BaF2 on CaF2Si(110) by molecular beam epitaxy. Growth of CaF2Si(110) initially proceeds two-dimensionally with a (1 × 3) surface reconstruction. The observation of core-level and Auger energy shifts for Ca and F peaks at low coverage suggests the presence of both CaSi and FSi bonds at the CaF2Si(110) interface. For higher coverages, [110]-oriented ridges form and growth proceeds via the stacking of (111) and (111) planes on the sidewalls of the ridges. This ridged and grooved surface morphology is believed to result from the favorable energetics of exposing low-energy {111} facets and the formation of twinned crystallographic domains. Subsequent deposition of BaF2 on CaF2Si(110) begins with incommensurate growth and nucleation on top of the CaF2 ridges. Growth then continues on the sidewalls, resulting in recovery of the ridged and grooved morphology at higher coverages. Intermixing between the fluorides is believed to be negligible near the BaF2CaF2(110) interface.

The primary and secondary objectives of this study were to identify and assess the risks associated with the occurrence of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and to determine the value of pharmacists' interventions in the management of clinically significant DDIs, respectively.A prospective, case-control study was carried out on patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and involved a review of patients' medication chart daily by the pharmacist and the clinical parameters. All identified DDIs were carefully analysed in order to provide recommendations on the management of clinically significant DDIs.The majority of DDIs were categorised as Type-C severity level (n = 305, 75.9%). 'Substitution' was recommended in 34 cases of clinically significant DDIs, 'dosage adjustment' in 17 (4.2%) and 'stop or avoid' in 13 (3.2%). The number of drugs prescribed (p = 0.001, rS = 0.539) and length of ICU stay (p = 0.001, rS = 0.364) were significantly associated and positively correlated with the occurrence of DDIs. Patients with DDIs had a longer length of ICU stay than those without DDIs (9.5 days vs. 2.4 days, p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between patients aged below 50 years and those above 50 years (odds ratio 0.488, 95% confidence interval 0.166-1.434) in terms of the risk of DDIs.A large number of DDIs were identified in this study, but only a small number were clinically significant. Pharmacists' participation in daily ward rounds could play an important role in the detection and management of clinically significant DDIs.

To investigate the clinical effect of electrochemical therapy (ECT) combined with pingyangmycin (PYM) injection for the treatment of high-return flow venous malformation.A total of 68 cases of the high-return flow venous malformation were retrospectively analyzed, in which 32 cases received simplely ECT,and 36 cases received ECT combined with PYM injection. The patients were followed up from 6 to 30 months.The effectiveness of ECT was 78% (25/32), and of ECT combined with PYM injection was 97% (35/36). The effectiveness of ECT combined with PYM injection was higher than that of ECT (P0.05). No serious adverse effects were encountered.ECT combined with PYM injection is an effective method for the treatment of high-return flow venous malformation.

We investigated the clinical efficacy of propranolol in treating proliferating infantile haemangiomas, and the serological changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) during treatment. Propranolol was given orally to 35 infants with proliferating haemangiomas in a dose of 1.0-1.5mg/kg/day. Hemisphere measurements, the 4-score method, and feedback from parents were used to evaluate the clinical curative effects. An ELISA was used to measure the serum concentrations of VEGF and eNOS before, and 1 and 2 months after, treatment. The response was excellent in 6 patients, good in 16, moderate in 10, and poor in 3. The peripheral serum concentrations of VEGF and eNOS 2 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (p

To investigate the expression and correlation of mast cell, Clusterin/apoJ and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in the different stages of human dermal hemangioma.Immunohistochemical stain technique (SABC) and toluidine blue (TB) stain technique were respectively used to detect the expression level of Clusterin/apoJ and TGF-beta and the number of mast cells in the different stages of human dermal hemangioma.There was remarkable statistical difference between the advanced stage of proliferative hemangioma and the other stages of proliferative hemangioma in the number of mast cell(P0.01). There was also remarkable statistical difference between the early stage of involutional hemangioma and the other stages of involutional hemangioma in the number of mast cell (P0.01). The expression of Clusterin/apoJ and TGF-beta in the advanced stage of proliferative hemangioma was significantly higher than the other stages in proliferative hemangioma (P0.01). The expression of Clusterin/apoJ and TGF-beta in the early stage of involutional hemangioma was significantly higher than the other stages in involutional hemangioma (P0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between Clusterin/apoJ and TGF-beta in the different stages of human dermal hemangioma (P0.01). The expression level of Clusterin/apoJ and TGF-beta was positively correlated with the number of mast cell in the different stages of human dermal hemangioma (P0.01).Mast cell may play a promotive role of apoptosis during the spontaneous regulate the expression of Clusterin/apoJ and promote the spontaneous involution of human dermal hemangioma.

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