Search

Abstract Background As the incidence of gastric cancer increases sharply in adults aged over 45 years, a better understanding of gastric cancer screening knowledge and practice is crucial to promote cancer-screening services. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge of early gastric cancer screening, adherence to screening, and perceived barriers hindering screening practices among adults aged ≥ 45 years in China. Methods A multi-center, face-to-face, cross-sectional study was conducted in community sites in Shijiazhuang, China, through the distribution of structured questionnaires from August to September, 2022. Results Of the 1053 respondents, only 13.4% demonstrated a good understanding of early gastric cancer screening. While 64.0% knew that gastroscopy is the gold standard for screening (“how to screen”), only 19.9% were aware of the recommended starting age (“when to screen”). Moreover, less than half could correctly identify high-risk groups (“whom to screen”), with awareness ranging from 20.5% for those infected with H. pylori to 47.8% for those with gastric diseases. Independent factors related to higher screening knowledge included female sex (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.01–2.38), higher education level (OR = 4.03, 95% CI = 2.68–6.06), being with a personal/family experience of gastric diseases (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.12–2.52). In addition, only 23.4% of respondents underwent GC screening. The dominant barrier to early screening was the “absence of symptoms or signs”, followed by “fearing procedural discomfort”. Conclusion This study highlights significant gaps in early gastric cancer screening knowledge and participation among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. Addressing these gaps through culturally tailored health education campaigns is a critical strategy for increasing public awareness and participation.

Abstract The accurate recognition of apples in complex orchard environments is a fundamental aspect of the operation of automated picking equipment. This paper aims to investigate the influence of dense targets, occlusion, and the natural environment in practical application scenarios. To this end, it constructs a fruit dataset containing different scenarios and proposes a real-time lightweight detection network, ELD(Efficient Lightweight object Detector). The EGSS(Efficient Ghost-shuffle Slim module) module and MCAttention(Mix channel Attention) are proposed as innovative solutions to the problems of feature extraction and classification. The attention mechanism is employed to construct a novel feature extraction network, which effectively utilizes the low-latitude feature information, significantly enhances the fine-grained feature information and gradient flow of the model, and improves the model’s anti-interference ability. Eliminate redundant channels with SlimPAN to further compress the network and optimise functionality. The network as a whole employs the Shape-IOU loss function, which considers the influence of the bounding box itself, thereby enhancing the robustness of the model. Finally, the target detection accuracy is enhanced through the transfer of knowledge from the teacher’s network through knowledge distillation, while ensuring that the overall network is sufficiently lightweight. The experimental results demonstrate that the ELD network, designed for fruit detection, achieves an accuracy of 87.4%. It has a relatively low number of parameters ( $$4.3 \times 10^5$$ 4.3 × 10 5 ), a GLOPs of only 1.7, and a high FPS of 156. This network can achieve high accuracy while consuming fewer computational resources and performing better than other networks.

This article extended the properties of the idempotent generator of cyclic codes to polycyclic codes over the finite field $ \mathbb{F}_q $. In addition, the check matrix of polycyclic codes was provided over $ \mathbb{F}_q $. Specifically, it has been proven that the constacyclic code is an $ {{{\rm{MDS}}}} $ code over $ \mathbb{F}_q $ if and only if its annihilator dual code is also an $ {{{\rm{MDS}}}} $ code. Finally, we have provided some examples of good codes.

Abstract Protected areas are the cornerstones of conservation efforts to mitigate the anthropogenic pressures driving biodiversity loss. Nations aim to protect 30% of Earth’s land and water by 2030, yet the effectiveness of protected areas remains unclear. Here we analyze the performance of over 160,000 protected areas in resisting habitat loss at different spatial and temporal scales, using high-resolution data. We find that 1.14 million km2 of habitat, equivalent to three times the size of Japan, across 73% of protected areas, had been altered between 2003 and 2019. These protected areas experienced habitat loss due to the expansion of built-up land, cropland, pastureland, or deforestation. Larger and stricter protected areas generally had lower rates of habitat loss. While most protected areas effectively halted the expansion of built-up areas, they were less successful in preventing deforestation and agricultural conversion. Protected areas were 33% more effective in reducing habitat loss compared to unprotected areas, though their ability to mitigate nearby human pressures was limited and varied spatially. Our findings indicate that, beyond establishing new protected areas, there is an urgent need to enhance the effectiveness of existing ones to better prevent habitat loss and achieve the post-2020 global biodiversity goals.

Aluminum–Lithium (Al–Li) alloys widely used in aerospace manufacture are highly susceptible to corrosion, which limits their industrial applications. Herein, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES) is used as a modifier for low-surface-energy treatment of TiO2 nanoparticles. The water-based polyurethane (PU) is made as a binder to achieve a tight bonding between modified ceramic particles and Al–Li alloy, thus resulting in the extremely-feasible air-spraying preparation of a superhydrophobic coating with strong abrasion resistance. The water contact angle (CA) of as-prepared coating achieves 160 ± 0.83°, and the rolling angle (SA) is as low as 5.95 ± 0.59°. The surface structure, organization and composition are further characterized using SEM, EDS, XPS and laser confocal microscopy. Meanwhile, the electrochemical impedance and potentiodynamic polarization tests are performed for corrosion characterization. The results show that the corrosion potential of such coating increases by 170 mV compared with substrate, the corrosion current density decreases by two orders of magnitude, and the impedance modulus increases by two orders. The corrosion inhibition rate of the as-prepared coating is 98.8%, indicating that the corrosion resistance has been significantly enhanced. In addition, the mechanical robustness and stability of the coating is evaluated and confirmed using a sandpaper rubbing test. It also possesses great self-cleaning, anti-pollution and thermostable behaviors, thereby allowing them to work in extreme manufactures. Moreover, the as-prepared coating exhibits excellent adaptability to various materials and anti-icing property. This work sheds positive insights in enlarging industrial applications of multifunctional ceramic coatings in aerospace fields.

Abstract FOXO transcription factors modulate aging-related pathways and influence longevity in multiple species, but the transcriptional targets that mediate these effects remain largely unknown. Here, we identify an evolutionarily conserved FOXO target gene, Oxidative stress-responsive serine-rich protein 1 (OSER1), whose overexpression extends lifespan in silkworms, nematodes, and flies, while its depletion correspondingly shortens lifespan. In flies, overexpression of OSER1 increases resistance to oxidative stress, starvation, and heat shock, while OSER1-depleted flies are more vulnerable to these stressors. In silkworms, hydrogen peroxide both induces and is scavenged by OSER1 in vitro and in vivo. Knockdown of OSER1 in Caenorhabditis elegans leads to increased ROS production and shorter lifespan, mitochondrial fragmentation, decreased ATP production, and altered transcription of mitochondrial genes. Human proteomic analysis suggests that OSER1 plays roles in oxidative stress response, cellular senescence, and reproduction, which is consistent with the data and suggests that OSER1 could play a role in fertility in silkworms and nematodes. Human studies demonstrate that polymorphic variants in OSER1 are associated with human longevity. In summary, OSER1 is an evolutionarily conserved FOXO-regulated protein that improves resistance to oxidative stress, maintains mitochondrial functional integrity, and increases lifespan in multiple species. Additional studies will clarify the role of OSER1 as a critical effector of healthy aging.

Abstract COPD is a public health problem of global concern, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and is also the third leading cause of death from non-communicable diseases. To investigate the effect of Ba duan jin exercise on lung function and the results of a 6-min walking trial in patients with stable COPD. Literature databases such as Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP were searched by computer, the search period is up to January 2024. Literature screening, quality evaluation and data extraction were carried out independently by two researchers. And use RevMan 5.3 software and StataMP 18 (64-bit) software to process the relevant outcome indicators. A total of 16 RCT studies with 1184 patients were included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control group, Ba Duan Jin exercise could improve FEV1 (MD = 0.29, 95% CI (0.20, 0.37), P

Abstract Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been hailed as a promising hydrogen energy technology due to high energy conversion efficiency, zero carbon emission and the potential independence on scare and expensive noble metal electrocatalysts. A variety of platinum group metal (PGM)‐free catalysts has been developed with superior catalytic performance to noble metal benchmarks toward cathodic oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). However, PGM electrocatalysts still dominate the anodic catalyst research because the kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) are two or three orders of magnitude slower than in that acidic media. Therefore, it is urgently desirable to improve noble metal utilization efficiency and/or develop high‐performance PGM‐free electrocatalysts for HOR, thus promoting the real‐world implementation of AEMFCs. In this review, the current research progress of electrocatalysts for HOR in alkaline media is summarized. We start with the discussion on the current HOR reaction mechanisms and existing controversies. Then, methodologies to improve the HOR performance are reviewed. Following these principles, the recently developed HOR electrocatalysts including PGM and PGM‐free HOR electrocatalysts in alkaline media are systematically introduced. Finally, we put forward the challenges and prospects in the field of HOR catalysis.

Abstract Although hydrophobic interactions provide the main driving force for initial peptide aggregation, their role in regulating suprastructure handedness of higher-order architectures remains largely unknown. We here interrogate the effects of hydrophobic amino acids on handedness at various assembly stages of peptide amphiphiles. Our studies reveal that relative to aliphatic side chains, aromatic side chains set the twisting directions of single β-strands due to their strong steric repulsion to the backbone, and upon packing into multi-stranded β-sheets, the side-chain aromatic interactions between strands form the aromatic ladders with a directional preference. This ordering not only leads to parallel β-sheet arrangements but also induces the chiral flipping over of single β-strands within a β-sheet. In contrast, the lack of orientational hydrophobic interactions in the assembly of aliphatic peptides implies no chiral inversion upon packing into β-sheets. This study opens an avenue to harness peptide aggregates with targeted handedness via aromatic side-chain interactions.

Video understanding and content boundary detection are vital stages in video recommendation. However, previous content boundary detection methods require collecting information, including location, cast, action, and audio, and if any of these elements are missing, the results may be adversely affected. To address this issue and effectively detect transitions in video content, in this paper, we introduce a video classification and boundary detection method named JudPriNet. The focus of this paper is on objects in videos along with their labels, enabling automatic scene detection in video clips and establishing semantic connections among local objects in the images. As a significant contribution, JudPriNet presents a framework that maps labels to “Continuous Bag of Visual Words Model” to cluster labels and generates new standardized labels as video-type tags. This facilitates automatic classification of video clips. Furthermore, JudPriNet employs Monte Carlo sampling method to classify video clips, the features of video clips as elements within the framework. This proposed method seamlessly integrates video and textual components without compromising training and inference speed. Through experimentation, we have demonstrated that JudPriNet, with its semantic connections, is able to effectively classify videos alongside textual content. Our results indicate that, compared with several other detection approaches, JudPriNet excels in high-level content detection without disrupting the integrity of the video content, outperforming existing methods.

In recent years, sports-themed towns have emerged as a key component in China's rural revitalization and poverty alleviation strategy, integrating sports, culture, tourism, and health industries to drive regional economic and social development. However, the literature often overlooks their long-term impact on social, cultural, and community development. Research aims to explore the concept of “sports poverty alleviation” and propose a new development model for sports towns in China, focusing on economic growth as well as social and cultural enhancement, public health, community integration. The study employs mixed methods, including documentary analysis and empirical research, to evaluate the effectiveness of various sports town models in poverty alleviation. Findings reveal that while these towns successfully boost short-term economic growth, especially through tourism and events, their sustainability is challenged by homogenization and a lack of competitiveness. Many towns fail to capitalize on local cultural and natural resources, and while they contribute to immediate economic benefits, they often lack long-term employment and integration strategies for local communities. Successful cases like the Mashan model demonstrate how integrating local resources and cultural identity with sports industries can lead to sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The research concludes that a more holistic approach to the development of sports towns in China is needed. Economic benefits should be complemented by a focus on social, cultural, and community development to ensure long-term success. The proposed innovative development models offer practical solutions to enhance the uniqueness and sustainability of sports towns, contributing to China's rural revitalization and poverty alleviation efforts.

The exponential growth in the consumption of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has resulted in a concomitant increase in the spent LIBs. Multi-component recycling is a highly desirable and beneficial process, yet the separator component remains overlooked. This study examined the thermal behavior, kinetics, thermodynamics, and evolved products of separator pyrolysis in N2 and CO2 atmospheres. Furthermore, the conversion was modeled using Aspen Plus and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of varying operating conditions. The findings indicated that the whole degradation process could be divided into three stages: below 200 °C, 200–550 °C and 550–900 °C. The evolved products at peak temperatures of 485 °C in N2 and 500 °C in CO2 were composed of olefins and alkanes. The average apparent activation energy values were determined to be 222.78 kJ mol−1 and 159.36 kJ mol−1 in the N2 and CO2 atmospheres, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the separator decomposition was an endothermic and non-spontaneous process. Aspen Plus modeling results were in agreement with the experimental data. The sensitivity analysis revealed that an increase in temperature lead to an increased content of lighter compounds (≤C9) and a decrease in the proportion of heavier compounds (>C10) in the pyrolysis products.

We demonstrate an all-optical method that online produces “microstructured” targets by manipulating a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) prepulse. Besides the enhancement of the proton number, the cutoff energy is nearly doubled. Such transient “microstructured” targets are characterized using both offline and online approaches. Based on probe experiments and hydrodynamic simulations, we develop a simple model to describe the electron density distribution upon the arrival of the main pulse. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations reveal that the annular plasma acts as an oscillating cavity for hot electrons and results in a cascaded acceleration effect. The combination of low-intensity LG prepulses and ultraintense Gaussian pulses opens another avenue for fine-tuning laser-plasma interactions spatiotemporally in interdisciplinary applications.

Study region: Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage system - Ulansuhai Lake Continuum, located in the Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia, China. Study focus: In this study, carbon isotope tracing technology was applied to analyze the sources and migration-transformation characteristics of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) in the continuous system of the agricultural irrigation and drainage system - Ulansuhai Lake in the Hetao Irrigation Area of Inner Mongolia during typical irrigation periods. New hydrological insights for the region: During typical irrigation periods, DOC and DIC increase simultaneously with the increase in salinity, and dissolved carbon dioxide in the irrigation and drainage channels escapes. The main sources of DOC in farmland drainage water are terrestrial C3 plants (94.00 %) and plankton (6.00 %). The primary sources of DOC in the lake are farmland drainage (98.19 %) and macroaquatic plants (1.81 %). The main sources of DIC in farmland drainage water are irrigation water from the Yellow River (64.73 %) and the equilibrium dissolution process between carbonates and soil CO₂ (35.27 %); while the primary sources of DIC in the lake are farmland drainage (93.10 %) and air-water exchange (6.90 %). Crop types in the irrigated area, soil salinization, rock weathering, metabolic processes, and the hydrological connectivity induced by irrigation from the Yellow River jointly control the sources, migration, and transformation of carbon within the continuum.

Background: Parastomal hernia is one of the potential complications after enterostomy. There is currently no early risk assessment tool for parastomal hernia. Methods: The current investigation was conducted using retrospective studies. A total of 302 cases were used develop and internally to validate a nomogram prediction model, and 67 cases were used for external validation. Independent risk factors for parastomal hernia after permanent sigmoid colostomy were assessed via univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. The nomogram prediction model was established based on independent risk factors. Results: Body mass index, serum albumin, age, sex, and stoma diameter were independent risk factors for parastomal hernia. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.909 in the development group and 0.801 in the validation group. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P > 0.05) and calibration curves indicated good consistency between actual observations and predicted probabilities. Conclusions: A nomogram prediction model was constructed and validated based on risk factors for parastomal hernia. The nomogram could be generalized to patients undergoing surgery for stoma by specialized surgeons to provide relevant references for stoma patients.

Abstract Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) is a promising alternative to energy-intensive anthraquinone process for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Metal-free nanocarbon materials have garnered intensive attention as highly prospective electrocatalysts for H2O2 production, and an in-depth understanding of their porous structure and active sites have become a critical scientific challenge. The present research investigates a range of porous carbon catalysts, including non-porous, microporous, and mesoporous structures, to elucidate the impacts of porous structures on 2e− ORR activity. The results highlighted the superiority of mesoporous carbon over other porous materials, demonstrating remarkable H2O2 selectivity. Furthermore, integration of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data analysis with electrochemical assessment results unravels the moderate surface oxygen content is the key to increase 2e− ORR activity. These results not only highlight the intricate interplay between pore structure and oxygen content in determining catalytic selectivity, but also enable the design of carbon catalysts for specific electrochemical reactions.

The amorphous Al–O coating with a thickness of approximately 6 μm was prepared on 316 L stainless steel using multi-arc ion plating technology to investigate the corrosion resistance of the coating in static lead–bismuth eutectic at 550 °C. The corrosion time ranged from 100 to 1000 h. The samples were characterized using different instruments, and the results showed that the Al–O coating had poor wettability and could effectively protect the substrate material from lead–bismuth corrosion in a static lead–bismuth eutectic. However, during the long-term high-temperature corrosion process, the coating changes from an amorphous phase to a polycrystalline doped structure, resulting in pores on the coating. Further, elemental interdiffusion was identified between the substrate and coating, indicating risk of coating failure.

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma represents a significant global burden in terms of cancer-related mortality, posing a substantial risk to human health. Despite the availability of various treatment modalities, the overall survival rates for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma remain suboptimal. The objective of this study was to explore the potential of novel biomarkers and to establish a novel predictive signature utilizing multiple transcriptome profiles. Methods The GSE115469 and CNP0000650 cohorts were utilized for single cell analysis and gene identification. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) datasets were utilized in the development and evaluation of a predictive signature. The expressions of hepatocyte-specific genes were further validated using the GSE135631 cohort. Furthermore, immune infiltration results, immunotherapy response prediction, somatic mutation frequency, tumor mutation burden, and anticancer drug sensitivity were analyzed based on various risk scores. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis was performed on the differential genes identified in the risk model. Moreover, we investigated the expression of particular genes in chronic liver diseases utilizing datasets GSE135251 and GSE142530. Results Our findings revealed hepatocyte-specific genes (ADH4, LCAT) with notable alterations during cell maturation and differentiation, leading to the development of a novel predictive signature. The analysis demonstrated the efficacy of the model in predicting outcomes, as evidenced by higher risk scores and poorer prognoses in the high-risk group. Additionally, a nomogram was devised to forecast the survival rates of patients at 1, 3, and 5 years. Our study demonstrated that the predictive model may play a role in modulating the immune microenvironment and impacting the anti-tumor immune response in hepatocellular carcinoma. The high-risk group exhibited a higher frequency of mutations and was more likely to benefit from immunotherapy as a treatment option. Additionally, we confirmed that the downregulation of hepatocyte-specific genes may indicate the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and aid in the early diagnosis of the disease. Conclusion Our research findings indicate that ADH4 and LCAT are genes that undergo significant changes during the differentiation of hepatocytes into cancer cells. Additionally, we have created a unique predictive signature based on genes specific to hepatocytes.

Objective: To establish an evaluation method for the uncertainty of high-performance liquid chromatography in the determination of sucralose in soy sauce. Methods: Testing was conducted in accordance with the national food safety standard GB 22255-2014. The content of sucralose in soy sauce was analyzed in accordance with the national metrological technical specification JJF 1059.1-2012. An uncertainty evaluation mathematical model was established to analyze the uncertainty factors during the measurement process. The uncertainty of the test results was evaluated and calculated through repeated sample measurements, standard solution purity, standard curve, glassware, weighing process, recovery rate, and testing instruments. Results: According to the confidence interval of 95%, the content of sucralose in soy sauce was (0.048±0.007) g/kg, k=2. Conclusion: The evaluation method for the uncertainty of sucralose in soy sauce by high performance liquid chromatography was established. The sources of the uncertainty of the determination results of sucralose in soy sauce were finally determined as follows: The fitting of the standard curve established by sucralose standard solution, and the recovery rate. And the proportion of various uncertainty evaluation factors in the process of determining sucralose content in soy sauce was cleared.

Published studies on outdoor air pollution and tuberculosis risk have shown heterogeneous results. Discrepancies in prior studies may be partially explained by the limited geographic scope, diverse exposure times, and heterogeneous statistical methods. Thus, we conducted a multi-province, multi-city time-series study to comprehensively investigate this issue. We selected 67 districts or counties from all geographic regions of China as study sites. We extracted data on newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases, outdoor air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological factors in 67 sites from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019. We utilized a generalized additive model to evaluate the relationship between ambient air pollutants and PTB risk. Between 2014 and 2019, there were 172,160 newly diagnosed PTB cases reported in 67 sites. With every 10-μg/m3 increase in SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and 1-mg/m3 in CO, the PTB risk increased by 1.97% [lag 0 week, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26, 2.68], 1.30% (lag 0 week, 95% CI: 0.43, 2.19), 0.55% (lag 8 weeks, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.85), 0.59% (lag 10 weeks, 95% CI: 0.16, 1.03), and 5.80% (lag 15 weeks, 95% CI: 2.96, 8.72), respectively. Our results indicated that ambient air pollutants were positively correlated with PTB risk, suggesting that decreasing outdoor air pollutant concentrations may help to reduce the burden of tuberculosis in countries with a high burden of tuberculosis and air pollution.

Efficient water distribution within canal systems is essential for conserving water resources and enhancing irrigation efficiency, especially under conditions of constrained water supply. This study proposed an innovative optimization model for canal systems, incorporating the artesian irrigation rate as a multi-objective criterion. A digital elevation model was utilized to determine the irrigation coverage capacity based on outlet water levels, addressing existing limitations by introducing the artesian irrigation rate objective. A multi-objective optimization model was constructed, taking into account drainage loss, fluctuation of trunk canal flow, and artesian irrigation rate within irrigated areas. NSGAIII, with an effective correction strategy, and entropy weight method were used to solve the optimization problem under restricted flow constraints. The results indicate that the model's implementation has reduced the overall water conveyance time by 3 hours, decreased leakage losses by 1.3 %, elevated the water level of the branch canals, and increased the artesian irrigation rate by 4.5 %. The proposed objective enhances the flows within the branch canals and significantly ameliorates the rate of artesian irrigation under various flow limitation conditions.

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) has emerged as a critical research area due to its extensive applications in various real-world domains. Numerous CSI-based datasets have been established to support the development and evaluation of advanced HAR algorithms. However, existing CSI-based HAR datasets are frequently limited by a dearth of complexity and diversity in the activities represented, hindering the design of robust HAR models. These limitations typically manifest as a narrow focus on a limited range of activities or the exclusion of factors influencing real-world CSI measurements. Consequently, the scarcity of diverse training data can impede the development of efficient HAR systems. To address the limitations of existing datasets, this paper introduces a novel dataset that captures spatial diversity through multiple transceiver orientations over a high dimensional space encompassing a large number of subcarriers. The dataset incorporates a wider range of real-world factors including extensive activity range, a spectrum of human movements (encompassing both micro-and macro-movements), variations in body composition, and diverse environmental conditions (noise and interference). The experiment is performed in a controlled laboratory environment with dimensions of 5 m (width) × 8 m (length) × 3 m (height) to capture CSI measurements for various human activities. Four ESP32-S3-DevKitC-1 devices, configured as transceiver pairs with unique Media Access Control (MAC) addresses, collect CSI data according to the Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11n standard. Mounted on tripods at a height of 1.5 m, the transmitter devices (powered by external power banks) positioned at north and east send multiple Wi-Fi beacons to their respective receivers (connected to laptops via USB for data collection) located at south and west. To capture multi-perspective CSI data, all six participants sequentially performed designated activities while standing in the centre of the tripod arrangement for 5 s per sample. The system collected approximately 300–450 packets per sample for approximately 1200 samples per activity, capturing CSI information across the 166 subcarriers employed in the Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11n standard. By leveraging the richness of this dataset, HAR researchers can develop more robust and generalizable CSI-based HAR models. Compared to traditional HAR approaches, these CSI-based models hold the promise of significantly enhanced accuracy and robustness when deployed in real-world scenarios. This stems from their ability to capture the nuanced dynamics of human movement through the analysis of wireless channel characteristic from different spatial variations (utilizing two-diagonal ESP32 transceivers configuration) with higher degree of dimensionality (166 subcarriers).

Objective: Head-down training can affect behavioural and neurocognitive control while performing dual tasks (DT). Breathing training improves motor and cognitive performance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As a neurorehabilitation tool, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been demonstrated to be an effective method for detecting changes in brain activation during motor recovery, as well as monitoring patients' long-term progress during DT in motor and cognitive performance. However, no studies have examined the combined effect of head-down position and breathing exercises on motor and cognitive performance during DT. This study will employ a novel intervention involving head-down strong abdominal breathing training to investigate its effects on motor and cognitive performance during DT in patients with COPD aiming to inform future training modalities in the community and at home. Methods: We will recruit participants from Anqing, China, through community announcements, bulletin board postings, WeChat, and offline visits and screen 72 patients with stable COPD, classified as Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) I-II, by pulmonologists at the university hospital. All participants will be randomly assigned to the head-down strong abdominal breathing (tilt angle 0–30° on the inversion apparatus, respiratory rate 20–30 breaths/min), head-down training, and strong abdominal breathing training groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. The intervention will last 12 weeks, with sessions performed thrice weekly for 1 h. Results: The primary outcomes will be motor-cognitive DT time, dual-task effects, correct responses to cognitive tasks, and gait characteristics assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks of intervention. The patient’s dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) will also be stimulated with fNIRS at wavelengths of 730 and 850 nm, with a sampling rate of 11 Hz, to record oxy-haemoglobin (oxy-Hb), deoxy-haemoglobin (deoxy-Hb), and total oxyhaemoglobin (total-Hb). Secondary outcomes will include pre- and post-intervention scales for dyspnoea, overall cognitive function, balance, and anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Alterations in the PFC involved in attentional control, planning, and decision-making may partially explain cognitive and motor deficits (such as impaired balance and slower walking speed) in patients with COPD. This study may help to understand the effects of head-down strong abdominal breathing training on cognitive and motor performance under DT in patients with COPD and compare it with head-down training and breathing training alone. It may also help to determine whether it is a simple and effective form of exercise at home and in the community.

Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) generating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neutral electrolytes is currently encountering significant scientific challenges. Here, we adopted a direct electron transfer and defect engineering approach for synthesizing a Co-doped NiSe hybrid catalyst to boost the efficiency of this reaction system. The Co@NiSe catalyst with long-term stability over 160 h showed a 53.1 % increase in H2O2 selectivity comparing with the pristine NiSe material in neutral electrolyte, indicating the effective modulation of the electronic structure of NiSe via Co doping. Impressively, the 2e− ORR catalytic activity of the catalysts exhibited a positive linear dependence on the content of Ni2+ species. The present research proved the possibility for improving the activity of transition metal-based catalysts in neutral electrolytes via hetero-atom doping, which had built basic structure-function relations for designing highly efficient 2e− ORR system.

Development of low temperature catalytic pyrolysis technology for heated tobacco sheets is expected to increase the aroma of heated tobacco products and improve their overall smoking quality. In this study, the low temperature pyrolysis performances of heated tobacco sheets catalyzed by various anionic sodium salts were investigated using TG-DTG, Py-GC-MS technology and smoke routine chemical composition analysis. The results showed that the total weight loss between 100°C and 300°C increased by 7.8%–13.15% after adding various anionic sodium salts, among which, sodium acetate and sodium tartrate showed a relatively higher weight loss. The relative content of free hydroxyacetone, furfuryl alcohol, butyrolactone and megastigmatrienone in the pyrolysis gas increased, while the relative content of free nicotine decreased. With the change of anionic species, the catalytic decomposition ability of cellulose, lignin, and other substances may change, resulting in the distribution alteration of compounds in the pyrolysis gas. After adding sodium acetate and sodium citrate, the release of total particulate matter (TPM), glycerol, and nicotine in flue gas increased. Overall, the addition of sodium acetate and sodium citrate showed a higher low temperature pyrolysis performance of heated tobacco sheets. The research results in this paper provide data support for changing the low temperature catalytic pyrolysis performance of heated tobacco sheets by adjusting the type of anions in sodium salts.

Study region: China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan). Study focus: Few studies have nationally evaluated China's spatiotemporal distribution of future runoff and per capita water resources (PCWR). Based on the SSP1-RCP2.6, SSP3-RCP7.0, and SSP5-RCP8.5 scenarios, the future runoff and PCWR in China under global warming levels of 1.5–4.5 °C are predicted. The calibrated Water and Energy Budget-based Distributed Hydrological Model with improved Snow physics for Global simulation (WEB-DHM-SG) was driven by the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project 3b (ISIMIP3b) protocol data to simulate runoff and future population data were used to predict the PCWR. Furthermore, the pre-industrial scenario was compared with future development scenarios to analyse the impact of human-induced climate change (HICC). New hydrological insights for the region: The average annual runoff would increase by 6.9–27.6 % nationally and increase in 28 provinces, whereas it would decrease in the other 3 provinces. Seasonal runoff decreased in winter but increased in the other three seasons. Runoff is affected by HICC by 4.1–30.0 %. The national average PCWR would change by −7.5 % to 20.4 %. Water shortage conditions might be further intensified in nine provinces but relatively alleviated in the other 22 provinces. Our results can provide scientific support for the future national and regional water planning and management in China.

Responses of post-disposal germination to light play a crucial role in shaping germination niches and determining the success of seedling establishment, ultimately impacting species distribution and community composition. Seed traits are pivotal factors that influence species' germination, dispersal, and life history strategies. However, it remains unclear whether the relationship between seed traits and the light plasticity of germination is regulated by factors such as life history, photoblastic taxa, and dispersal ability.We measured the seed shape and seed mass of 114 species on the grasslands of the Tibetan Plateau. Germination experiments were conducted under two light conditions: dark and light. We also classified species based on photoblastic taxa (photostimulation vs. photoinhibition), life history (annual vs. perennial), and dispersal ability (weak vs. strong). Phylogenetic structural equation models (SEM) were used to test the complex relationship between seed traits, life history, dispersal ability, and light plasticity.We found that neither seed mass nor shape differed between the two photoblastic taxa. Species with photostimulation taxa exhibited a greater light plasticity of germination compared with photoinhibition taxa. Non-spherical seeds (elongated or flat) possessed low light plasticity of germination. The relationship between seed mass and germination light plasticity varied in different photoblastic taxa. Specifically, in photostimulation species, increased seed mass was associated with higher light plasticity of germination, whereas in photoinhibition species, an opposite relationship was evident. Moreover, dispersal ability and life history indirectly influenced the light plasticity of germination via seed shape.Our results imply that different combinations of seed traits can shape germination strategies in response to light stimulation, which in turn may influence the germination niches differentiation and species persistence in soil. Furthermore, life history and dispersal ability can indirectly affect the light plasticity of germination, which implies that the reproductive strategy of species to adapt to the environment may be regulated by multi-faceted life history strategies.

Metallic structures with hierarchical open pores that span several orders of magnitude are ideal candidates for various catalyst applications. However, porous metal materials prepared using alloy/dealloy methods still struggle to achieve continuous pore distribution across a broad size range. Herein, we report a printable copper (Cu)/iron (Fe) composite ink that produces a hierarchical porous Cu material with pores spanning over 4 orders of magnitude. The manufacturing process involves four steps: 3D-printing, annealing, dealloying, and reannealing. Because of the unique annealing process, the resulting hierarchical pore surface becomes coated with a layer of Cu–Fe alloy. This feature imparts remarkable catalytic ability and versatile functionality within fixed bed reactors for 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction and Friedländer cyclization. Specifically, for 4-NP reduction, the porous Cu catalyst demonstrates an excellent reaction rate constant (kapp = 86.5 × 10–3 s–1) and a wide adaptability of the substrate (up to 1.26 mM), whilst for Friedländer cyclization, a conversion over 95% within a retention time of only 20 min can be achieved by metal–organic-framework-decorated porous Cu catalyst. The utilization of dual metallic particles as printable inks offers valuable insights for fabricating hierarchical porous metallic structures for applications, such as advanced fixed-bed catalysts.

Objectives There is no clear consensus so far on which fixation method is most favorable for the tibial tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the outcome of RigidFix cross pins fixation in the tibial tunnel and to explore the advantages of RigidFix applied both in the femoral and tibial tunnel with hamstring tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods This retrospective study included 53 patients (male/female, 45/8) who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons between January 2013 and December 2017 at our institute. The participants in group A (n = 36) received anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with RigidFix cross pins fixation in both femoral and tibial tunnels, while those in group B (n = 17) with RigidFix cross pins fixation in the femoral tunnel and Interference screw fixation in the tibial tunnel. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective knee form 2000 (IKDC2000) score, Lysholm knee scoring scale, Tegner activity score and the side‐to‐side difference were compared at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. The graft diameter, number of strands in graft and the average diameter of each strand were also compared between the two groups. The categorical parameters were analyzed by chi‐square test and the continuous variables conforming to a normal distribution were analyzed by Student's t‐test. Results At 2 years postoperation, the VAS score (1.61 ± 0.55), side‐to‐side difference (1.50 ± 0.58) in group A were significantly lower than that in group B, and the IKDC2000 score (88.81 ± 3.88), Tegner activity score (6.14 ± 0.60) in group A were significantly higher than that in group B. At 5 years postoperation, the VAS score (1.64 ± 0.68), side‐to‐side difference (1.73 ± 0.63) in group A were significantly lower than that in group B, and the IKDC2000 score (89.09 ± 3.85), Tegner activity score (6.58 ± 0.94) in group A were slso significantly higher than that in group B. There was statistical difference in the change of the side‐to‐side difference between the two groups (group A vs. B, 0.22 ± 0.08 vs. 0.34 ± 0.11, p

With the increasing demands on equipment accuracy, synchronous performance becomes more and more significant for ultra-precision systems. In order to achieve nanometer-level accuracy and millisecond synchronization in practice, a learning synchronous control (LSC) strategy has been proposed in this research. Specifically, in our research, the LSC strategy includes Genetic Algorithm (GA) tuning method and Back Propagation (BP) neural network synchronous controller. Herein, GA tuning method has been designed to optimize the parameters of controllers for each axis offline. In order to enhance real-time information exchange between axes, a BP synchronous controller has been designed to enhance the coupling between axes and compensate for dynamic disturbances. Then the convergence criteria and stability analysis of the method have been presented. The proposed LSC was simulated and experimented on an ultra-precision stage system, and the HIL experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LSC can simultaneously possess nanometer-level tracking/synchronous accuracy and millisecond synchronization. Furthermore, compared to the conventional proportion integration differentiation (PID) method, the proposed LSC has higher synchronization performance with MA of 0.64 nm, MSD of 3.98 nm, and a settling time of 10 ms. The LSC strategy provides an effective control technology with good potential in industrial applications.

Federated Learning (FL) allows task initiators (servers) to utilize data from task participants (clients) to train machine learning models while protecting data privacy. However, in the FL system, when the client data are non-independently identically distributed (Non-IID), appropriate metrics are chosen to accurately evaluate the quality of the client data, accordingly to select a reasonable subset of clients, and thus ensure the accuracy of the FL aggregation model. In this paper, based on the experimental results, a data distribution evaluation model is proposed, which is based on two metrics: the volume of client data and its increment and the balance of global client data. This data distribution evaluation model enables more accurate evaluation of clients with Non-IID characteristics. Based on this evaluation model, this paper further proposes an FL client subset selection algorithm. This algorithm accurately evaluates the data value of each client, enabling the server to select the most valuable subset of clients before FL training, thus improving the accuracy of the federated learning aggregation model in scenarios with Non-IID client data. When training the FL aggregation model using the proposed method on datasets composed of CIFAR-10, Fashion-MNIST, and DEAP distributions, compared to the optimal baseline, the average precision scores increased by 5.99%, 4.79%, and 4.29% respectively. The improvement in accuracy is more pronounced in scenarios with Non-IID data, such as in the DEAP dataset distribution with the highest Non-IID degree, where the accuracy increased by 5.30% compared to the optimal baseline.

ObjectiveTo explore the influence of maternal exposure to chlorpyrifos during pregnancy on neuro-developmental abnormalities of children at age of 2 years for health risk assessment and control of maternal chlorpyrifos exposure. MethodsThe participants of the study were 893 healthy mother-infant pairs enrolled in the Health Baby Birth Cohort in Wuhan municipality, Hubei province from January 2014 through June 2017. Urine samples (n = 2679) were collected from all the surveyed mothers at first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy for detection of 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy, a specific metabolite of chlorpyrifos) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to evaluate internal exposure of chlorpyrifos. The mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) of surveyed children at age of 2 years were measured using domestically modified Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-CR). The correlation between the children′s neurodevelopmental abnor-malities and maternal chlorpyrifos exposure during pregnancy was analyzed. ResultsThe mean scores of MDI and PDI were 110.0 ± 21.7 and 111.0 ± 17.1 for all the 2-year-old children and 99 (11.1%) and 23 (2.58%) of the children were assessed as having abnormal mental and psychomotor development (with the MDI or PDI score of less than 80), respectively. The median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) of urine specific gravity adjusted concentration (ng/mL) of TCPy for urine samples the mothers in the first, second, and third trimesters were 2.02 (1.30, 3.38), 1.58 (0.98, 2.45), and 1.29 (0.79, 2.05), with the detection rate of 99.4%, 98.8%, and 95.9%, respectively. After adjusting for age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal education, passive smoking during pregnancy, folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, child sex, parity, breastfeeding duration, and season of urine sample collection, the results of the multifactorial generalized estimating equation analysis indicated that each two-fold increase in maternal urinary TCPy concentration at first trimester was associated with the increased risks of mental and psychomotor developmental abnormalities for all the mothers′ children of 2-year-old, with the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 1.15 (95%CI: 1.01 – 1.32) and 1.34 (95%CI: 1.04 – 1.73); while, for the mother′s boys of 2-year-old, each two-fold increase in maternal urinary TCPy concentration at first trimester was correlated with increased risk of psychomotor developmental abnormality (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.09 – 1.99). ConclusionMaternal exposure to chlorpyrifos during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, could lead to neurodevelopmental abnormalities in children at age of 2 years, with a more pronounced effect on the neurodevelopment of boys.

【Objective】 The development and application of subsurface drip irrigation is of great importance for helping mitigate the limitation of water resources faced by agriculture in arid and semiarid regions around the world. This paper reviewed the research progresses made over the past decades in subsurface drip irrigation and discusses its potential development in the future. 【Method】 The analysis was based on publications collected in the database of Web of Science. We used the Origin and CiteSpace knowledge mapping software to analyze the knowledge map of subsurface drip irrigation research in five aspects: numbers of publications, cooperative network, keyword co-occurrence, emerging keywords analysis, and co-citation clustering. 【Result】 ①Research on subsurface drip irrigation has undergone three distinct stages: infancy, a period of fluctuation, and rapid advancement. The main publication journal is Agriculture Water Management, and the United States and China contributed most papers. There are close cooperations between countries and institutions, and the collaboration show a pattern of "local concentration and overall dispersion." ②The main research areas include soil water transport, plant growth and development, irrigation water quality and soil salinization, and irrigation water management. The research focus was water transport mechanisms, hydrological modeling, control of irrigation water quality, and automation control of drip irrigation technology. Other areas included system optimization, water-saving irrigation technologies, soil improvement, application of intelligent technologies and new materials. ③Future research is likely to focus on comparative analysis using multiple databases and explore new influencing factors and irrigation methods through interdisciplinary research. To achieve this, advanced collaborative platforms need to be established, and research on case studies from developing countries and water-scarce regions should be addressed to strengthen cooperation among countries, institutions. 【Conclusion】 Utilizing Citespace software for the analysis of the subsurface drip irrigation field has provided excellent visual representation. This analysis encompasses the distribution of publication quantities, collaboration networks, keyword co-occurrence, burst keyword analysis, and co-citation clustering. These research findings will serve as significant references and guidance for the future theoretical development and practical applications within this field.

In the conventional process of geological hazard assessment, issues such as subjectivity in selecting susceptibility factor weights, randomness, and fuzziness in factor grading are prevalent. The application of a single assessment model can only provide qualitative evaluation of geological hazard susceptibility, lacking quantitative analysis. To overcome these challenges, this study employs an enhanced integrated algorithm (XGBoost) and cloud model. Among 189 disaster potential points in Chaoyang City, twelve susceptibility factors including slope, meteorological conditions, vegetation coverage and elevation were selected. The XGBoost classification algorithm was used to determine susceptibility factor weights. The results showed that the algorithm classification achieved high performance with fitting accuracy of 96.5%. On this basis, the cloud model was employed to transform the fuzzy factor grading into a quantitative problem, establishing a susceptibility evaluation index system for geological hazards in Chaoyang City, thereby assessing their susceptibility. To validate the evaluation index system, the Dadongshan landslide in Chaoyang City was selected as the assessment unit. Results indicate a high susceptibility level for this evaluation unit, consistent with actual conditions. The methodology proposed in this study is promising and can offers reference for evaluating geological hazard susceptibility.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of cordymin on osteoporosis induced by hindlimb unloading(HLU) in rats and whether cordymin can prevent bone loss from HLU. Materials and methods We employed the hindlimb suspension rats model to mimic physiological changes concomitant with space travel.The mechanical strength in the femoral neck,cancellous bone volume, gut microbiota structure,serum calcium and phosphorus contents, bone mineral content and bone mineral content can be changed after hindlimb unloading. Oral cordymin was administered for 4 weeks,cordymin treatment significantly increased the mechanical strength through elevated bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb. N), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) and decreased trabecular separation (Tb. Sp). Results Importantly, 16 S rRNA sequencing showed cordymin treatment regulated the various genera that were imbalanced in hindlimb unloading rats. At the same time,The plasma total calcium and inorganic phosphate concentrations in hindlimb unloading rats decreased and bone mineral content in the lumbar vertebrae and femur increased after treatment with cordymin. Conclusion These data indicate that the cordymin might exert bone protective effects indirectly via modulating the complex relationship between gut microbiota, microelements and bone loss.

College students are inevitably online and at risk of becoming addicted. Life history theory provides an explanatory framework for individual differences in Internet addiction, and childhood harshness and unpredictability may be important antecedents. However, it is unclear whether and how childhood harshness and/or unpredictability affect Internet addiction during college. In this study, we recruited 483 Chinese college students and assessed their childhood harshness, unpredictability, self-control, and Internet addiction. The results of path analysis showed that childhood unpredictability was positively associated with Internet addiction among college students and was partially mediated by self-control. The effect of harshness on Internet addiction showed a suppression effect, i.e., the direct effect of harshness on Internet addiction was negative and the indirect effect through self-control was positive. This suggests that the high risk of Internet addiction stems from harshness and unpredictability in childhood, but that the effects of these factors are independent and distinct. Self-control plays an important role in this process, but many internal mechanisms remain to be tested in future research.

BackgroundEarly environmental risk have been found to be related to lifelong health. However, the impact of childhood unpredictability, a type of early environmental risk, on health, especially on sleep quality in adulthood, has not been adequately studied. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between childhood unpredictability and sleep quality in adulthood and to explore the possible mediating roles of life history strategy and perceived stress.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 472 participants from a university in Zhejiang Province, China. The questionnaire inquired about demography, childhood unpredictability, life history strategy (Mini-K), perceived stress (14-item Perceived Stress Scale), and Sleep Quality (Pittsburgh Global Sleep Quality Index).ResultsHigher childhood unpredictability was significantly associated with worse sleep quality in adulthood. Moreover, the link between higher childhood unpredictability and worse sleep quality in adulthood was explained by the chain mediation of life history strategy and perceived stress.ConclusionIn line with the life history theory, individuals who have experienced higher unpredictability in childhood tend to develop a faster life history strategy and become more sensitive to stress in adulthood, and subsequently suffer a decrease in sleep quality.

Abstract EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the histone methyltransferase Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), and its somatic activating mutations drive lymphoma, particularly the germinal center B‐cell type. Although PRC2 inhibitors, such as tazemetostat, have demonstrated anti‐lymphoma activity in patients, the clinical efficacy is not limited to EZH2‐mutant lymphoma. In this study, Activin A Receptor Type 1 (ACVR1), a type I Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) receptor, is identified as critical for the anti‐lymphoma efficacy of PRC2 inhibitors through a whole‐genome CRISPR screen. BMP6, BMP7, and ACVR1 are repressed by PRC2‐mediated H3K27me3, and PRC2 inhibition upregulates their expression and signaling in cell and patient‐derived xenograft models. Through BMP‐ACVR1 signaling, PRC2 inhibitors robustly induced cell cycle arrest and B cell lineage differentiation in vivo. Remarkably, blocking ACVR1 signaling using an inhibitor or genetic depletion significantly compromised the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of PRC2 inhibitors. Furthermore, high levels of BMP6 and BMP7, along with ACVR1, are associated with longer survival in lymphoma patients, underscoring the clinical relevance of this study. Altogether, BMP‐ACVR1 exhibits anti‐lymphoma function and represents a critical PRC2‐repressed pathway contributing to the efficacy of PRC2 inhibitors.

Summary: 3D or 4D printing of metal structures requires extreme conditions or a multistage process. Here, we present a protocol for the preparation of highly conductive metallic composites using liquid metal gels at ambient conditions. We describe the steps to prepare ternary gels composed of copper particles, liquid metal, and water. We then detail procedures for 3D or 4D printing gels into highly conductive structures after adding a small amount of rheological modifier (methyl cellulose) using direct ink writing techniques.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Xing et al. (2023).1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a global shortage of masks. Although mask reprocessing was practiced, no clinical study has assessed systematically the impact of repeated cycles of wear and decontamination on the integrity of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs). Methods: We evaluated mask fit assessed by qualitative respirator fit test (QRFT) after each cycle of wear and decontamination, as well as four measures of mask integrity—bacterial filtration efficacy, particle filtration efficacy, differential pressure, and splash resistance through five cycles of wear and decontamination using one of the four modalities (moist heat, steam, ultraviolet-C irradiation, and hydrogen peroxide plasma). Results: A total of 60.6% (hydrogen peroxide plasma) to 77.5% (moist heat) of the FFRs passed five cycles of wear and decontamination, as assessed by the wearers passing QRFT all five times. Moist heat-decontaminated FFRs retained all technical measures of integrity through all five cycles. Conclusions: This is the first large-scale study to assess systematically the impact (clinically and quantitatively) on N95 FFR integrity of repeated cycles of wearing followed by decontamination.Our results suggest that moist heat is a promising method for decontaminating N95 FFRs. Performing QRFT after every cycle of wear and decontamination ensures wearer safety. Although there is currently no mask shortage, reprocessing may reduce medical waste and improve sustainability.

The Longgang volcanic field is one of the most active volcanoes in modern China. It is situated in the central region of the Longgang mountains on the west slopes of Changbaishan in Jilin. The present three-dimensional crustal movement velocity fields in the different periods were obtained by processing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations from 2010 to 2020 and data for the leveling profiles from 1970s to 2010s in the area. The horizontal velocities of GNSS stations were larger in the eastern region than in the western regions, indicating that the eastern region is mainly tensile. The results of the continuous surface strain rates showed that a volcanic field is located in the expansion area. The results of the first-order leveling data for the Changfu profile and the Danfu profile showed that the vertical movements were predominantly uplift, with rates of 0.55~1.83 mm/a for most of the sites. The area with relatively higher uplifting rates of more than 1.0 mm/a was Fusong-Xianrenqiao-Laoshandui, which is rich in geothermal resources and prone to earthquakes. At the adjacent area, Meitong, the rates of the second-class leveling profile were relatively small, at 0.23~0.77 mm/a. The deep electrical structure of the volcanic area was obtained through the three-dimensional inversion of 99 broadband magnetotelluric soundings. The clear structures of the low resistivity in the middle and lower crusts corresponded to the uplift area, which is suggested to be a magmatic system. The position of the magma was relatively shallow. The electrical boundary zone at the northeast end of the Hunjiang fault was speculated to be the northern extension of the fault. The low-resistivity body had the largest scale and extended downward to the mantle. The shallowest low-resistivity body was approximately 10 km below the youngest Jinlongdingzi volcano, and the above high-resistivity structure was considered to be the retreat and consolidation magma after the overflow eruption ended. A comprehensive analysis showed that the ongoing inflation, uplift, and seismic activities of the crust in the volcanic area were related to the upwelling of mantle materials and fault movements caused by intermittent magma migration.

Elastic materials for seat foundations come in a variety of materials, shapes, and dimensions. However, it is difficult to measure the stress-strain relationships of many elastic material combinations by conventional uniaxial compression tests. This study investigated the stress-strain relations of elastic material combinations for foam foundations using finite element analysis (FEA). First, the stress-strain relations of single-layer polymer foams and a combination of double-layer polymer foams with covering were quantified by uniaxial compression tests, and axial tensile tests quantified the properties of the covering material of the fabric. Then, based on the Ogden foam and Ogden constitutive equation of Ansys Workbench 19.2, the test data of single-layer polymer foams and covering were fitted by a non-linear least square method, and a combination of double-layer polymer foams with the covering is predicted by FEA. When the strain was 10% to 65%, the stress error between FEA and test results dropped from 95.68% to -5.08%.

Abstract Krüppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2) belongs to the zinc finger family and is thought to be a tumor suppressor gene due to its low expression in various cancer types. However, its functional role and molecular pathway involvement in colorectal cancer (CRC) are not well defined. Herein, we investigated the potential mechanism of KLF2 in CRC cell invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We utilized the TCGA and GEPIA databases to analyze the expression of KLF2 in CRC patients and its correlation with different CRC stages and CRC prognosis. RT‐PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to measure KLF2 expression. Gain‐of‐function assays were performed to evaluate the role of KLF2 in CRC progression. Moreover, mechanistic experiments were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism and involved signaling pathways regulated by KLF2. Additionally, we also conducted a xenograft tumor assay to evaluate the role of KLF2 in tumorigenesis. KLF2 expression was low in CRC patient tissues and cell lines, and low expression of KLF2 was associated with poor CRC prognosis. Remarkably, overexpressing KLF2 significantly inhibited the invasion, migration, and EMT capabilities of CRC cells, and tumor growth in xenografts. Mechanistically, KLF2 overexpression induced ferroptosis in CRC cells by regulating glutathione peroxidase 4 expression. Moreover, this KLF2‐dependent ferroptosis in CRC cells was mediated by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway that resulted in the suppression of invasion, migration, and EMT of CRC cells. We report for the first time that KLF2 acts as a tumor suppressor in CRC by inducing ferroptosis via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus providing a new direction for CRC prognosis assessment and targeted therapy.

In agriculture, the timely and accurate assessment of fruit ripeness is crucial to optimizing harvest planning and reduce waste. In this article, we explore the integration of two cutting-edge deep learning models, YOLOv9 and Swin Transformer, to develop a complex model for detecting strawberry ripeness. Trained and tested on a specially curated dataset, our model achieves a mean precision (mAP) of 87.3% by using the metric intersection over union (IoU) at a threshold of 0.5. This outperforms the model using YOLOv9 alone, which achieves an mAP of 86.1%. Our model also demonstrated improved precision and recall, with precision rising to 85.3% and recall rising to 84.0%, reflecting its ability to accurately and consistently detect different stages of strawberry ripeness.

Urban terminal logistics and distribution enterprises face the problems of duplicated network layouts, high costs, and inefficient urban environments. Recently, collaborative distribution using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and ground vehicles has been considered as a means of reducing costs and enhancing efficiency, thus overcoming the issues created by the high-density layout of enterprises’ relatively independent networks. This essentially involves constructing an air–ground collaborative common distribution network. To optimize the economic cost and distribution time of network operations, we established a site selection planning model for air–ground cooperative urban co-distribution centers and designed a solution method based on gray wolf optimization with K-means clustering. Taking the Wangsheren area of Jinan City, China, as an example, 15 UAV co-distribution centers and 13 vehicle co-distribution centers were identified. Although the average distribution cost of the network rose by 35–50% compared to traditional terminal distribution, the time saving was 80–85%, greatly improving the high-value-added service capacity. The end-distribution efficiency and customer satisfaction were also enhanced, which fully verifies the feasibility, validity, and applicability of the proposed model. Our approach can be applied to landing sites and the planning and optimization of large-scale commercial operations using logistics UAVs in urban areas.

A sustainable bioeconomy in agricultural and agro-industrial production must inevitably involve the sustainable use of agricultural residues through zero-waste processes. Corn cob is considered crucial agricultural waste as 278 and 293 million tons were produced worldwide in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Corn cob hydrolysates, which are abundant in xylose and glucose, could be efficiently utilized for xylitol and ethanol production through the cultivation of recycling the yeast strain Candida magnoliae TISTR 5664 in the single-stage and sequential-stage co-production of these products. The statistically significant maxima (p ≤ 0.05) ethanol concentrations were improved by 7.8% (49.9–51.7 g/L or 91.3–95.6% of the theoretical) from the single stage of ethanol production employing recycled cells and 9.9% (50.9–54.1 g/L or 77.3–83.9% of the theoretical) from the second step of sequential-stage co-production using recycled cells without xylitol accumulation. Conversely, the single-stage xylitol production utilizing recycled cells under microaerobic conditions resulted in a statistically significant lower (p ≤ 0.05) xylitol concentration by two folds relative to the control, while ethanol concentration was elevated by almost double. The statistically significant maximum (p ≤ 0.05) xylitol was achieved at 25.9 g/L (58.6% of the theoretical) when sequential-stage co-production was initiated in the first step with fresh inoculum only and not recycled cells. The sequential-stage co-production of xylitol and ethanol presented the potential for statistically significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) of both xylitol and ethanol production processes.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and the effectiveness of our novel penetrating keratoplasty for infectious keratitis. Methods Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series of patients with infectious keratitis who received the novel penetrating keratoplasty technique were analyzed. A prepared plastic sheet was located between the diseased cornea and iris-lens diaphragm. After the diseased lesions were removed, the graft was positioned on the plastic sheet and sutured to the recipient bed. The plastic sheet was pulled out from the anterior chamber before the all interrupted sutures were placed. The intra- and post-operative complications, the outcome of the graft and the number of corneal endothelial cells were analyzed. Results A total of 82 eyes of 82 patients was included. The mean follow-up period was 29 ± 16 months (range from 13 to 45 months). No intraocular content extrusion, simultaneous cataract extraction and suprachoroidal hemorrhage occurred. Direct contact between the infectious cornea and the graft was successfully avoided. Greater than expected endothelial cell reduction or complications were not found. Conclusions This modified technique effectively prevents the extrusion of intraocular contents while avoiding the direct contact with donor endothelium during the procedure. The occurrence rate of complications such as endothelial cell loss is not higher than the conventional methods.

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are closely related. The function of immunocytes in the pathogenesis of CAD and T2DM has not been extensively studied. The quantitative bioinformatics analysis of the public RNA sequencing database was applied to study the key genes that mediate both CAD and T2DM. The biological characteristics of associated key genes and mechanism of CD8+ T and NK cells in CAD and T2DM are our research focus.MethodsWith expression profiles of GSE66360 and GSE78721 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we identified core modules associated with gene co-expression relationships and up-regulated genes in CAD and T2DM using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and the ‘limma’ software package. The enriched pathways of the candidate hub genes were then explored using GO, KEGG and GSEA in conjunction with the immune gene set (from the MSigDB database). A diagnostic model was constructed using logistic regression analysis composed of candidate hub genes in CAD and T2DM. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p-values for candidate hub genes in diagnostic model, while CIBERSORT and immune infiltration were used to assess the immune microenvironment. Finally, monocytes from peripheral blood samples and their immune cell ratios were analyzed by flow cytometry to validate our findings.ResultsSixteen candidate hub genes were identified as being correlated with immune infiltration. Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that NPEPPS and ABHD17A were highly correlated with the diagnosis of CAD and T2DM. The results indicate that CD8+ T cells (p = 0.04) and NKbright cells (p = 3.7e-3) are significantly higher in healthy controls than in individuals with CAD or CAD combined with T2DM. The bioinformatics results on immune infiltration were well validated by flow cytometry.ConclusionsA series of bioinformatics studies have shown ABHD17A and NPEPPS as key genes for the co-occurrence of CAD and T2DM. Our study highlights the important effect of CD8+ T and NK cells in the pathogenesis of both diseases, indicating that they may serve as viable targets for diagnosis and therapeutic intervention.