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In order to raise the efficiency of the structure vibration simulation of gearbox-base coupling system,the equivalent mass and stiffness of the base on each connection point was extracted using substructure method,and the base was equivalent to some mass elements and spring elements. Based on this,the structure vibration simulation model of the gearbox-base coupling system was established and the structure vibration simulation was completed. The simulation results were compared with the simulation results using the full finite element method. The results show the difference between the equivalent acceleration levels on each connection point obtained by using the substructure method and that obtained by using the full finite element method does not exceed 3 dB,and the simulation time of the substructure method only accounts for 38. 5% of that of the full finite element method.

To develop a novel water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) adjuvant and evaluate the effect on foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) inactivated vaccine, in this study, we prepared the novel nano-emulsion adjuvant based on QS-21 (BEA) which is composed of the mixture of mineral oil Marcol52, surfactant Tween80, oleate polyoxyethylene ether ester, polyoxyethylene palmitic acid ester and span80, cosurfactant polyethylene glycol and QS-21. The two-step emulsification method formed the W/O/W nano-emulsion with two films and three-phase structures. The effective particle diameter of the BEA was about 184 nm, and it has good thermal stability. Then, BEA was emulsified as an adjuvant to prepare for the inactivated FMDV vaccine, and BALB/c mice and pigs were immunized to evaluate its safety and immunization effect. The results showed that the inactivated BEA-FMDV vaccine significantly increased BALB/c mice and pigs' antibodies and cytokine IFN-γ in serum. Meanwhile, the pig-neutralizing antibodies were higher than control group. Safety tests found no symptoms of FMD or significant toxic reactions. After 28 days of immunization, the protection rate can reach 93.3%. The BEA vaccine had good stability at 4 °C, no stratification after 180 days, and the content of 146S in the vaccine did not decrease. In conclusion, the BEA prepared in this study is suitable for FMDV inactivated vaccine and is an effective adjuvant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation In bioinformatics, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a crucial task. However, conventional methods often struggle with aligning ultralong sequences. To address this issue, researchers have designed MSA methods rooted in a vertical division strategy, which segments sequence data for parallel alignment. A prime example of this approach is FMAlign, which utilizes the FM-index to extract common seeds and segment the sequences accordingly. Results FMAlign2 leverages the suffix array to identify maximal exact matches, redefining the approach of FMAlign from searching for global chains to partial chains. By using a vertical division strategy, large-scale problem is deconstructed into manageable tasks, enabling parallel execution of subMSA. Furthermore, sequence-profile alignment and refinement are incorporated to concatenate subsets, yielding the final result seamlessly. Compared to FMAlign, FMAlign2 markedly augments the segmentation of sequences and significantly reduces the time while maintaining accuracy, especially on ultralong datasets. Importantly, FMAlign2 enhances existing MSA methods by conferring the capability to handle sequences reaching billions in length within an acceptable time frame. Availability and implementation Source code and datasets are available at https://github.com/malabz/FMAlign2 and https://zenodo.org/records/10435770. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we aimed to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for Yujin powder (YJP) and evaluate its safety. The ultrasonic-assisted ethanol reflux extraction method refluxing was used to extract YJP. The parameters were optimized through a combination of single-factor and response surface methodology (RSM). The comprehensive Y value score calculated using the content of 13 active ingredients in YJP ethanolic extracts (YEEs) and the yield of the dry extract were used as measuring criteria. RSM with a Box–Behnken design using three factors and three levels was adopted to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP. Finally, acute and subchronic toxicity tests were performed to evaluate its safety. The results revealed the best technological parameters: a liquid–material ratio of 24:1, an ethanol concentration of 69%, assistance of ultrasound (40 °C, 50 kHZ, 30 min), reflux time of 53 min, and reflux temperature of 50 °C. In acute toxicity tests, the maximum administration dosage in mice was 28.21 g/kg, which is higher than 10 times the clinical dosage. Adverse effects in the acute and subchronic toxicity tests were not observed. All clinical indexes were normal. In conclusion, the RSM based on AHP–CRITIC weight analysis could be used to optimize the ethanol extraction technology for YJP and YEEs prepared under the above conditions and ensure high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throwing unguided bombs by fighters requires a reasonable planning of the attack path in advance to improve operation effectiveness and survivability.For this purpose, an attack path planning method of fighter is proposed.In this method, a fighter movement model is first established, and a basic tactical action model library is generated, and the action combinations are combined into basic trajectories; then, an open-closed-loop control model of the action parameters in each stage is constructed to microscopically control the tactical actions, and in light of pilot’s experience the constraint range of the parameter change is determined.Finally, based on the basic performance of unguided bombs and the tactical application methods, the throwing parameters of fighter are limited, and the trajectory planning is completed.The simulation results for the maneuvering jump and dive attack tactics show that the planned track satisfies the attack conditions and the movement parameters meet the flight requirements, thus verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

Simple Summary: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a viral pathogen that poses a significant threat to the global cattle industry. BVDV infection interferes with the host's innate and adaptive immunity, thereby affecting the diverse organs and systems of the body. Thus, comprehending the biological mechanisms by which viruses infect hosts is pivotal for disease control and prevention. Currently, the molecular mechanisms of the cell signaling pathways affected by BVDV infection remain unclear. Transcriptomic and proteomic methods offer promising avenues to dissect the biological processes in virus-infected host cells. In this study, transcriptomics and proteomics techniques were used to analyze differentially expressed proteins and scrutinize differentially expressed genes in immune-related biological processes after BVDV-1 infection in cow peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our findings indicate that BVDV-1 predominantly suppresses the host through pathways such as the interleukin-17 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and complement and coagulation cascades. Conversely, PBMCs seem to counter viral invasion through mechanisms such as complement and coagulation cascades, the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. This study forms a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of BVDV-1 infection and facilitates a deeper exploration of host responses to BVDV-1 infection in dairy cows. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease, inflicting substantial economic losses upon the global cattle industry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the central hub for immune responses during host-virus infection and have been recognized as crucial targets for BVDV infection. In order to elucidate the dynamics of host-BVDV-1 interaction, this study harnessed RNA-seq and iTRAQ methods to acquire an extensive dataset of transcriptomics and proteomics data from samples of BVDV-1-infected PBMCs at the 12-h post-infection mark. When compared to mock-infected PBMCs, we identified 344 differentially expressed genes (DEGs: a total of 234 genes with downregulated expression and 110 genes with upregulated expression) and 446 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs: a total of 224 proteins with downregulated expression and 222 proteins with upregulated expression). Selected DEGs and DEPs were validated through quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and parallel reaction monitoring. Gene ontology annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis underscored the significant enrichment of DEGs and DEPs in various immunity-related signaling pathways, including antigen processing and presentation, complement and coagulation cascades, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, among others. Further analysis unveiled that those DEGs and DEPs with downregulated expression were predominantly associated with pathways such as complement and coagulation cascades, the interleukin-17 signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Conversely, upregulated DEGs and DEPs were chiefly linked to metabolic pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, complement and coagulation cascades, and the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. These altered genes and proteins shed light on the intense host-virus conflict within the immune realm. Our transcriptomics and proteomics data constitute a significant foundation for delving further into the interaction mechanism between BVDV and its host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]