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Objective: To determine the accuracy of salivary active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)‐8 point‐of‐care test (POCT) for detecting periodontitis in adults, through meta‐analysis. Materials and Methods: Diagnostic studies evaluating the accuracy of salivary/oral rinse aMMP‐8 POCT for detecting periodontitis in adults, when compared with clinical examination, were considered eligible. A comprehensive search was performed up to 31 August 2023 through five databases. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 was utilized to evaluate the methodological quality of the included articles. Meta‐analysis was performed using Bayesian bivariate hierarchical model and subgroup analysis. Results: From 368 screened studies, 6 studies (4 cross‐sectional and 2 longitudinal studies) were included in the meta‐analysis. Overall, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of salivary aMMP‐8‐POCT for detecting periodontitis were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.41–0.82) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.65–0.95), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the 95% CI for oral fluid types, predefined diagnostic thresholds and the POCT systems largely overlapped, indicating that the differences between them may not be significant. Conclusion: Salivary aMMP‐8 POCT shows fair accuracy for detecting periodontitis. The diagnostic accuracy cannot be significantly influenced by the types of oral fluids, predefined diagnostic thresholds or the specific POCT systems used. More research is needed to confirm the clinical utility and implementation of aMMP‐8 POCT in the diagnosis of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peg-in-hole assembly, a crucial component of robotic automation in manufacturing, continues to pose challenges due to its strict tolerance requirements. To date, most conventional peg-in-hole assembly algorithms have been validated only within simulated environments or under limited observational scenarios. In this paper, an environment-agnostic coarse-to-fine visual servoing (EA-CTFVS) assembly algorithm is proposed. Firstly, to solve the frequent issue of visual blindness during visual servoing, a bottleneck pose is proposed to be used as the desired pose for the visual servoing. Secondly, to achieve accurate assembly, a coarse-to-fine framework is constructed, in which a rough pose is given by the coarse controller to remove large initial alignment errors. For the fine controller, a twin network-based fine controller is provided to improve assembly accuracy. Furthermore, EA-CTFVS utilizes the Oriented Bounding Box (OBB) of objects as the input for visual servoing, which guarantees the system's ability to operate effectively in diverse and complex scenes. The proposed EA-CTFVS achieves a successful assembly rate of 0.92/0.89 for initial alignment errors of 15/30 cm and 0.6 mm tolerance in real-world D-sub plug assembly tasks under complex scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foreign body reaction refers to a chronic inflammatory reaction and a wound-healing reaction that mainly involve macrophages and foreign body giant cells, which occur after a biological material is implanted into the body. Since macrophages in the foreign body reaction are recruited to the surface of the material after implantation of the material, subsequent secretion of a series of inflammatory factors and fusion into foreign body giant cells may lead to the degradation of the biological materials and environmental stress cracking. Moreover, the prolongation of macrophage polarization and the influence of related receptors may also lead to the phenomenon of fiber encapsulation, resulting in poor prognosis. Some scholars are committed to reducing the response of foreign bodies from the perspective of macrophages and foreign body giant cells, specifically by regulating the secretion of related inflammatory factors, reducing the subtypes of M1 macrophages, promoting their polarization to M2 macrophages, and regulating the fusion of macrophages and selective expression of macrophage-associated receptors to regulate fibrosis. The new immunological view holds that macrophages have the potential to repair bone tissue via angioplasts and osteogenesis in foreign body reactions. Therefore, the gold standard that has long been considered in regenerative medicine, which is that an inert material does not cause a foreign body reaction, is expected to be gradually replaced by tissue engineering that regulates tissue activity and function.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayers secreted by a variety of cells that contain nucleic acids, pro⁃ teins, etc. They can be used as a carrier for cell⁃to⁃cell communication. In related research on bone regeneration, mecha⁃ nisms for transmitting regeneration signals to target cells to achieve the desired goal of osteogenesis have become one of the most important and unsolved topics. Therefore, this review aims to explore the role of mesenchymal stem cells and EVs derived from osteoblasts in bone regeneration in four processes, immunity, angiogenesis, osteogenesis and mineral⁃ ization, and to provide new ideas for basic and clinical research.

For safe and effective grasping in a dynamic environment, planning algorithms need real-time to deal with changing the target's movement and obstacles. This paper proposes a new sequential Sense-Plan-Act (SeqSPA) dynamic grasping framework to generate a robot's real-time and smooth grasping trajectory. Specifically, we cluster all stable grasps of the target, transform the clustering centers into pregrasps, and predict the future motion of the moving objects by using the observed values. The trajectory optimization algorithm constructing the approximative joint space gradient field can generate a smooth trajectory for a 6-DOF industrial robot arm within 2 ms. Our method generates trajectories for multiple pregrasps and selects the time-optimal trajectory for execution. Simulation comparison and actual experiments verify that our framework can immediately respond to environmental changes and efficiently find a grasping trajectory of the near-optimal time. The trajectory optimization algorithm in the framework can also be used alone to generate a real-time grasping trajectory when the prediction module cannot accurately predict the target motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]