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When the total jet gas flow rate increases from 16 L/min to 40 L/min, the stiffness of the air plasma jet is increased by nearly 73.3 %, and that of the pre-combustion plasma jet is increased by nearly 27.2 %. When the total jet gas flow rate reaches around 40 L/min, the jet stiffness tends to be stable, indicating that the increase of the total jet gas flow rate in the range has a significant effect on improving the jet stiffness. It can be seen from Figure 10(a), the jet lengths of the different jet gases decrease, and the length of the pre-combustion plasma jet is longer than the air plasma jet. The flame outside the plasma jet is blown off, and the arc in the plasma jet is blown, resulting in a large deformation of the plasma jet and a reduction of the jet length. [Extracted from the article]

Coronaviruses have been responsible for numerous viral outbreaks in the past two decades due to the high transmission rate of this family of viruses. The deadliest outbreak is the recent Covid-19 pandemic, which resulted in over 7 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PL Pro ) plays a key role in both viral replication and host immune suppression and is highly conserved across the coronavirus family, making it an ideal drug target. Herein we describe a fragment-based screen against PL Pro using protein-observed NMR experiments, identifying 77 hit fragments. Analyses of NMR perturbation patterns and X-ray cocrystallized structures reveal fragments bind to two distinct regions of the protein. Importantly none of the fragments identified belong to the same chemical class as the few reported inhibitors, allowing for the discovery of a novel class of PL Pro inhibitors., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Objective: To summarize the recent development on chondroprotective effect of alendronate (ALN) on articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA)., Methods: The related literature was reviewed and the main achievements in vitro/vivo studies in the fields were summarized., Results: ALN can improve the metabolic microenvironment of the articular cartilage in OA, inhibit subchondral bone remodeling, so it has potential protective effect on articular cartilage., Conclusion: ALN is expected to become a disease-modifying OA drug in future, but OA treatment still lack a uniform basic and clinical evaluation criteria, so it has guiding significance in development and application of ALN to develope a uniform standard and obtain the clinical data.