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AbstractDigital technologies such as virtual reality (VR) are increasingly designed and implemented to support people living with dementia who are at risk of loneliness and/or social isolation. Multi-user VR (MUVR), which involves simultaneous user engagement and a sense of being present together in VR, may promote and maintain social connectedness between people living with dementia and their support persons. This paper focuses on Phase 4 of a larger participatory action research (PAR) project, which aimed to explore the usability, acceptability and feasibility of a MUVR application and its potential to support the social connectedness of people living with dementia and their support persons. The study involved five people living with dementia and their five support persons, who trialed the application in their homes over two PAR cycles. The researcher gathered feedback through individual semi-structured interviews and observational field notes. Reflexive thematic analysis guided qualitative data analysis, and the findings suggested that MUVR is a usable, acceptable, and feasible application for this population. The findings also indicated that MUVR shows promise in promoting or maintaining social connectedness among people living with dementia and their support persons. Nonetheless, further refinement is necessary to enhance the usability, acceptability and feasibility of the MUVR application, and these areas of refinement are presented in this paper, through design recommendations for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual SLAM algorithms can obtain a large amount of texture information from the environment and usually perform very well in static scenes, but there are a large number of irregular dynamic points when running in dynamic scenes, which can lead to increased error in SLAM feature point matching and loss of tracking localization. To address this challenge this paper proposes a SLAM system (YVG‐SLAM) that adapts to dynamic scenes. YVG‐SLAM is an improvement on the ORB‐SLAM3 algorithm, integrating the view geometry algorithm and the current powerful YOLOv5 algorithm, while proposing a dynamic feature removal strategy without a priori assumptions to reduce the influence of dynamic targets. In this paper, we first lighten the YOLOv5 algorithm, then process the image frame to get the bounding box, then use the view geometry algorithm to determine the dynamic feature points on the image frame, and finally remove the moving objects in the image frame according to the dynamic feature recognition strategy proposed in this paper. The performance of the algorithm is tested on the TUM RGB‐D and BONN RGB‐D datasets. The experimental results show that the robustness of the proposed algorithm on most video sequences is better than the existing SLAM algorithms dealing with dynamic scenes such as Detect‐SLAM and DynaSLAM, and the RMSE index of the absolute trajectory error measured on high‐speed dynamic video sequences can be significantly reduced by more than 93% compared to ORB‐SLAM3. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is imperative to develop efficient flame retardants to solve the issues of high heat and smoke release for epoxy resin (EP) polymeric materials plagued over time. Hence, a phosphorus–nitrogen modified Ti3C2Tx MXene nanohybrids (MXene@MPA) were synthesized by in situ assembly melamine phytate macromolecules (MPA) to boost the fire hazards of EP composites. The introduction of MPA improved the dispersion of MXene in epoxy matrix, contributing to the improved thermal stability and flame-retardant properties for EP composites. With the addition of 2 mass% MXene@MPA, EP composites achieved the decreased maximum mass loss rate (MLRmax) by 41.8%, indicating the enhanced thermal properties. Also, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) of EP-MXene@MPA composites were down by 27.9% and 43.6% compared to pure EP, respectively, accompanied by significantly increased char production. The synergistic effects between MPA and MXene contributed to the elevated fire safety of EP-MXene@MPA composites: the catalytic charring of transition metals and phosphorus-containing acid and the barrier effect of MXene nanosheets, as well as the quenching effects of phosphorus–oxygen free radicals and dilution of nitrogen-containing inert gases due to the decomposition of MPA. The multiple hybridization route provided a reference for the development of efficient MXene-based flame retardants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for high‐performance polarization‐sensitive perovskite photodetectors (PSPPDs) has driven research to develop new materials that enable efficient light harvesting and polarization detection. Herein, a PSPPD based on nanoimprinted quasi‐2D halide perovskite thin films with vertical gradient phase distribution is reported. The nanoimprinting method is utilized to create nanoscale linear patterns on the surface of the film. It enables polarized light detection and enhances absorption. According to the results of transient absorption analysis, a vertical gradient phase distribution along the longitudinal direction of quasi‐2D perovskite (PEA)2(MA)n‐1PbnI3n+1 (PEA+ = C6H5CH2CH2NH3+, MA+ = CH3NH3+, n = 3) is confirmed, which facilitates efficient carrier transfer and separation, leading to improved device performance. These PSPPDs demonstrate outstanding photo‐response with a large responsivity of ≈90 A W−1 and a high detectivity reaching the order of 1012 Jones. The photoluminescence of the quasi‐2D perovskite film exhibits an anisotropy ratio of 2.05, and the PSPPD reaches a polarization sensitivity of 1.68. These findings offer insight into the feasibility of developing perovskite materials for PSPPDs, which have potential applications in imaging, sensing, and communication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the P T -symmetric nonlocal equations contain the physical information of the P T -symmetric, it is very appropriate to embed the physical information of the P T -symmetric into the loss function of PINN, named PTS-PINN. For general P T -symmetric nonlocal equations, especially those equations involving the derivation of nonlocal terms due to the existence of nonlocal terms, directly using the original PINN method to solve such nonlocal equations will face certain challenges. This problem can be solved by the PTS-PINN method, which can be illustrated in two aspects. First, we treat the nonlocal term of the equation as a new local component so that the equation is coupled at this time. In this way, we successfully avoid differentiating nonlocal terms in neural networks. On the other hand, in order to improve the accuracy, we make a second improvement, which is to embed the physical information of the P T -symmetric into the loss function. Through a series of independent numerical experiments, we evaluate the efficacy of PTS-PINN in tackling the forward and inverse problems for the nonlocal NLS equation, the nonlocal derivative NLS equation, the nonlocal (2 + 1) -dimensional NLS equation, and the nonlocal three-wave interaction systems. The numerical experiments demonstrate that PTS-PINN has good performance. In particular, PTS-PINN has also demonstrated an extraordinary ability to learn large space–time scale rogue waves for nonlocal equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dementia is a global health challenge, and people living with dementia (PLWD) are especially susceptible to reduced engagement in meaningful occupations, including social participation. In the past few decades, socially assistive technologies continue to be developed amidst a rapidly evolving technological landscape to support the social health of PLWD and their caregivers. Examples include social robots, virtual reality, smart home technology, and various digital technologies, such as mobile applications for tablets and smartphones. Despite an increasing body of research and interest in this field, several gaps relating to the design and implementation process of socially assistive technologies continue to undermine their relevance for PLWD in daily life. In this paper, some of these gaps are highlighted and the role of occupational therapy in the design and implementation of socially assistive technology is presented. In the design process, occupational therapists are uniquely skilled to advise and advocate for the tailoring and personalisation of technology to address the occupational needs of PLWD. In the implementation of socially assistive technologies, occupational therapists are skilled to educate, train, and conduct ongoing evaluations with PLWD and their caregivers, to incorporate socially assistive technologies into their routine and daily lives. We recommend that occupational therapists should continue to be acquainted with such technologies through continuous professional development and educational curricula. Moreover, we highlight the necessary collaboration between occupational therapists, technology developers, and researchers to enhance the process of designing and implementing socially assistive technology, so that their relevance for PLWD and their caregivers can be maximised. Developers and designers of socially assistive technology should consider the disease trajectory of different types of dementia, as well as the different needs, abilities, preferences, occupations and routines of people living with dementia (PLWD) and/or their caregivers. Collaborations between technology developers, researchers, and occupational therapists should take place iteratively throughout the process of designing and implementing socially assistive technology to maximise their relevance and applicability for people living with dementia and their caregivers. To continue enhancing the current role of occupational therapy in socially assistive technology provision, occupational therapists should keep up to date with socially assistive technology that are being developed to support the social health of PLWD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address global water pollution and crisis issue, wastewater recycling, seawater and brackish water desalination have been increasingly utilized to produce clean water. Ceramic membranes have been gaining widespread interest due to their unique physicochemical properties and high stability. Integrating nanoporous MOF (metal organic framework) with ceramic membranes could enable a rational design of ceramic-based MOF membranes with enhance sieving performance. Herein, we report an in-situ method to construct an inter-crystalline defect-free MOF layer on ZrO 2 ceramic membranes for efficient desalination application. After optimizing synthesis parameters, an inter-crystalline defect-free and well-intergrown ceramic-based MOF membrane was obtained. The ceramic-based MOF membranes not only demonstrated a near-complete salt rejection, but also exhibited high water flux, which are superior to most of the reported zeolite and MOF membranes. In addition, the MOF membranes exhibited promising performance and structure stability even when exposed to harsh water environments. Our work introduces a protocol for the design of high-performance ceramic-based MOF membrane as a promising candidate for challenging desalination applications under different environments. [Display omitted] • Regulation of synthesis parameters could improve the quality of MOF membranes. • Growth of MOF layer could enhance rejection performance of zirconia ceramic membrane. • Robust membrane structure and desalination performance were realized under harsh conditions. • Efficient separation and performance regeneration were achieved for real industrial wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) combined with chemotherapy are efficacious for treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the effectiveness of this approach in the malignant pleural effusion (MPE) population is unclear. This study evaluated ICI plus chemotherapy in NSCLC patients with MPE. Methods: Patients from 3 centers in China with NSCLC and MPE who received ICI plus chemotherapy (ICI Plus Chemo) or chemotherapy alone (Chemo) between December 2014 and June 2023 were enrolled. Clinical outcomes and adverse events (AEs) were compared. Results: Of 155 eligible patients, the median age was 61.0 years old. Males and never-smokers accounted for 73.5% and 39.4%, respectively. Fifty-seven and 98 patients received ICI Plus Chemo or Chemo, respectively. With a median study follow-up of 10.8 months, progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer with ICI Plus Chemo than with Chemo (median PFS: 7.4 versus 5.7 months; HR = 0.594 [95% CI: 0.403–0.874], P = 0.008). Median overall survival (OS) did not differ between groups (ICI Plus Chemo: 34.2 versus Chemo: 28.3 months; HR = 0.746 [95% CI: 0.420–1.325], P = 0.317). The most common grade 3 or worse AEs included decreased neutrophil count (3 [5.3%] patients in the ICI Plus Chemo group vs. 5 [5.1%] patients in the Chemo group) and decreased hemoglobin (3 [5.3%] versus 10 [10.2%]). Conclusions: In patients with untreated NSCLC with MPE, ICI plus chemotherapy resulted in significantly longer PFS than chemotherapy and had a manageable tolerability profile, but the effect on OS may be limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aptamer‐based probes are pivotal components in various sensing strategies, owing to their exceptional specificity and versatile programmable structure. Nevertheless, numerous aptamer‐based probes usually offer only a single function, limiting their capacity to meet the diverse requirements of multi‐faceted sensing systems. Here, we introduced supersandwich DNA probes (SSW‐DNA), designed and modified on the outer surface of nanochannels with hydrophobic inner walls, enabling dual functionality: qualitative detection for on‐site analysis and quantitative detection for precise analysis. The fragmented DNAs resulting from the target recognition, are subsequently identified through lateral flow assays, enabling robust on‐site qualitative detection of microcystin‐LR with an impressively low limit of detection (LOD) at 0.01 μg/L. Meanwhile, the nanochannels enable highly sensitive quantification of microcystin‐LR through the current analysis, achieving an exceptionally low LOD at 2.5×10−7 μg/L, with a broad dynamic range spanning from 1×10−6 to 1×102 μg/L. Furthermore, the process of target recognition introduces just a single potential error propagation, which reduces the overall risk of errors during the entire qualitative and quantitative detection process. This sensing strategy broadens the scope of applications for aptamer‐based composite probes, holding promising implications across diverse fields, such as medical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aptamer‐based probes are pivotal components in various sensing strategies, owing to their exceptional specificity and versatile programmable structure. Nevertheless, numerous aptamer‐based probes usually offer only a single function, limiting their capacity to meet the diverse requirements of multi‐faceted sensing systems. Here, we introduced supersandwich DNA probes (SSW‐DNA), designed and modified on the outer surface of nanochannels with hydrophobic inner walls, enabling dual functionality: qualitative detection for on‐site analysis and quantitative detection for precise analysis. The fragmented DNAs resulting from the target recognition, are subsequently identified through lateral flow assays, enabling robust on‐site qualitative detection of microcystin‐LR with an impressively low limit of detection (LOD) at 0.01 μg/L. Meanwhile, the nanochannels enable highly sensitive quantification of microcystin‐LR through the current analysis, achieving an exceptionally low LOD at 2.5×10−7 μg/L, with a broad dynamic range spanning from 1×10−6 to 1×102 μg/L. Furthermore, the process of target recognition introduces just a single potential error propagation, which reduces the overall risk of errors during the entire qualitative and quantitative detection process. This sensing strategy broadens the scope of applications for aptamer‐based composite probes, holding promising implications across diverse fields, such as medical diagnosis, food safety, and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike their eruptive counterparts, plutonic rocks often experience post-cumulus evolution prior to their final solidification. These processes have the potential to exert significant control on the distributions of elements and their isotopic compositions of plutonic rocks. However, our understanding in these effects remains limited, particularly for metal stable isotopes. Here, we carried out high-precision δ65Cu measurements for a suite of primitive to evolved cumulates from the Kane area, 23oN of Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Most mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) exhibit uniformly bulk silicate Earth (BSE)-like δ65Cu of + 0.09 ± 0.08 ‰, indicating limited Cu isotopic fractionation in crustal magma reservoirs prior to melt extraction. However, our new Cu isotopic data on these cumulates show that large Cu isotopic variations (δ65Cu = -0.6 ‰ to + 0.9 ‰) occur in variably evolved cumulates (MgO/total FeO < 3.0), while the most primitive cumulates (MgO/total FeO > 3.0) exhibit BSE-like δ65Cu (+0.06 ± 0.06 ‰). Petrological and geochemical observations indicate limited hydrothermal effects on Kane cumulate Cu isotopes. Modeling results indicate that the variable δ65Cu in Kane cumulates are unlikely to result from magmatic processes during the cumulus stage. Instead, the large Cu isotopic variation in Kane cumulates requires post-cumulus melt evolution involving fractionation between sulfide and intercumulus melts at relatively low temperatures. Textures and mineral chemistry indicate pervasive post-cumulus modifications of Kane cumulates by porous melt flow. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that intercumulus melts persist at temperatures even to 200 °C lower than the initial liquidus temperatures. Our data indicate that lower temperatures in the post-cumulus melt evolution and lower sulfide Ni contents result in lower sulfide-silicate melt Cu isotope fractionation factor (α sulfide-melt), then causing greater Cu isotopic variations in cumulates. We suggest that post-cumulus melt evolution reconcile both the Cu depletion and large Cu isotope fractionation in oceanic cumulates that are unexpected by a simple process of crystal accumulation from MORBs. This study highlights the essential role of post-cumulus evolution in controlling metal budget and their stable isotope fractionation during intra-crustal differentiation, which might also be applied to island arc and continental settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the melting residue of the asthenosphere at ocean ridges, the oceanic mantle lithosphere is initially depleted, which might be re-enriched by various types of melts. However, the metasomatic enrichments in the sub-ridge mantle lithosphere are generally assumed to be limited, because these melts have low abundances of incompatible elements. In this study, we report a case of extreme metasomatic enrichment in abyssal peridotites from the Atlantis Bank oceanic core complex on the Southwest Indian Ridge. We identify two types of metasomatized peridotites (Type 1 and 2) and a clinopyroxenite, which show different degrees of interaction with evolved melts. Type 1 peridotite exhibits strong incompatible element zonation and negative Eu anomalies in clinopyroxene, indicating a short-term percolation of a modestly evolved mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). Type 2 peridotite shows textural and trace element features consistent with the impregnation of a highly evolved, oxide-saturated MORB magma. The clinopyroxenite shows remarkable enrichments in iron and incompatible trace elements and negative Eu anomalies in clinopyroxene and contains abundant zircon and apatite, which imply reaction with an extremely evolved Fe–Zr–P-rich melt. We attribute such extreme mantle metasomatic enrichments to the lateral infiltration of variably evolved melts from a local magmatic center, which is now exposed as the Atlantis Bank gabbroic massif. As slow- and ultraslow-spreading ridges exhibit similarly discontinuous lower crust, the intervening shallow mantle between local magmatic centers may have been pervasively metasomatized by the evolved melts, leading the way for substantial mantle enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effects of paeoniflorin on the behavioral manifestations, levels of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus, and axial response in an anxiety model of acute myocardial infarction. 21 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; control group, acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group, and acute myocardial infarction+anxiety+paeoniflorin group, with 7 rats in each group. An acute myocardial infarction model was constructed by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in rats, and mild stress was used to induce anxiety in rats. In the open field test, compared with the horizontal and vertical exercise of the control group, the acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group decreased, and the acute myocardial infarction+anxiety+paeoniflorin group increased compared with the horizontal and vertical exercise of acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group. In the elevated test, compared with the control group, the time of staying at the open arm and entering the open arm was decreased in the acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group, and increased in the acute myocardial infarction+anxiety+paeoniflorin group compared with the acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group. Compared with the control group, chemokine receptor type 4, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-18 and norepinephrine increased and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 decreased in acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group. Compared with acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group, chemokine receptor type 4, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-18 and norepinephrine increased and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 decreased in acute myocardial infarction+anxiety+paeoniflorin group. Compared with the control group, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group were higher than those in control group, acute myocardial infarction+anxiety+paeoniflorin 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group were significantly higher than those in acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and chemokine receptor type 4 protein expression in acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group was higher than that in control group, while acute myocardial infarction+anxiety+paeoniflorin C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 and chemokine receptor type 4 protein expression was lower than that in acute myocardial infarction+anxiety group. Paeoniflorin has anti-anxiety effect, can restore the balance of neurotransmitters in hippocampus, and can improve the inflammatory response of acute myocardial infarction with anxiety model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reveal the utilization value of leaf, stem, and root of Artemisia argyi, a rapid online liquid microextraction combined with a high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with 2,2‐nitrogen‐di (3‐ethyl‐benzothiazole‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt antioxidant assay system was established for analysis of antioxidants in the leaf, stem, and root of A. argyi, and a calibration quantitative method of antioxidant activity with equivalent chlorogenic acid was proposed. Thirty‐three positive peaks were identified; among them, 12 compounds were found that possess good antioxidant activity including eleven organic acids (components 2–4, 8, 11–14, 17, 19, and 21) and one flavonoids (component 22). The proposed calibration quantitative method avoided the influence of content of compound and compared the extent of radical scavenging capacity of five antioxidant compounds, which were ranked as follow: 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid > 3,4‐dicaffeoylquinic acid ≈ 4,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid > 1,4‐dicaffeoylquinic acid > chlorogenic acid. In conclusion, this study provided composition and biological potential for the future development of the leaf, stem, and root of A. argyi. It is believed that the online liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography based antioxidant assay system can be widely used for the rapid screening of natural antioxidant components in the different parts of natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of the metaverse has realized the virtual existence of human beings and provided infinite possibilities for the development of individual life. Under the influence of the metaverse, new changes will take place in the field of education, that is the birth of"the educational metaverse": the educational space extends to the virtual dimension, the educational time shows the characteristics of contextualization, and the educational relationship presents the diversified state of reality and virtuality. However, the educational metaverse based on data and algorithm has the negative characteristics of one-dimensionality, closeness, and loose ethic, which may lead to the formatting of students'individual experience and the lack of meaning of life, and the danger of making students fall into self-role. In this regard, in the construction of the educational metaverse, we should construct the identity authentication mechanism in the metaverse based on the scale of the body subject, create the educational scene of virtual and real integration with the purpose of the real world, and realize the educational ethics with the direction of life care, so as to resolve risks and complete the educational challenges brought by the metaverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to identify potential biomarkers for predicting response to MSC therapy by pre-MSC treatment plasma proteomic profile in severe COVID-19 in order to optimize treatment choice. Methods: A total of 58 patients selected from our previous RCT cohort were enrolled in this study. MSC responders (n = 35) were defined as whose resolution of lung consolidation ≥ 51.99% (the median value for resolution of lung consolidation) from pre-MSC to 28 days post-MSC treatment, while non-responders (n = 23) were defined as whose resolution of lung consolidation < 51.99%. Plasma before MSC treatment was detected using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify pre-MSC treatment plasma proteomic biomarkers that might distinguish between responders and non-responders to MSC therapy. Results: In total, 1101 proteins were identified in plasma. Compared with the non-responders, the responders had three upregulated proteins (CSPG2, CTRB1, and OSCAR) and 10 downregulated proteins (ANXA1, AGRG6, CAPG, DDX55, KV133, LEG10, OXSR1, PICAL, PTGDS, and S100A8) in plasma before MSC treatment. Using logistic regression model, lower levels of DDX55, AGRG6, PICAL, and ANXA1 and higher levels of CTRB1 pre-MSC treatment were predictors of responders to MSC therapy, with AUC of the ROC at 0.910 (95% CI 0.818–1.000) in the training set. In the validation set, AUC of the ROC was 0.767 (95% CI 0.459–1.000). Conclusions: The responsiveness to MSC therapy appears to depend on baseline level of DDX55, AGRG6, PICAL, CTRB1, and ANXA1. Clinicians should take these factors into consideration when making decision to initiate MSC therapy in patients with severe COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although herbs and spices have been used in traditional medicine for more than a century owing to their health benefits, the associated underlying mechanism is still not clear. Since the G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) has been linked to exert various antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, we screened 19 different herbs and spices for possible GPR35 agonist(s) to understand the GPR35-dependent functions of herbs and spices. Among the screened extracts, the ethyl acetate extract of thyme exhibited a remarkable GPR35 agonistic activity. Activity-guided separations allowed us to identify 2 polyphenolic phytochemicals, eriodictyol and thymonin, acting as GPR35 agonists. Both eriodictyol and thymonin showed a potent and specific agonist activity toward GPR35 with half maximal effective concentration values of 5.48 and 8.41 μm, respectively. These findings indicate that these phytochemicals may have beneficial health effects upon GPR35 activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basal ganglia hemorrhage, which is characterized by excessive incapacity charge and high mortality rates, is surgically treated by minimally invasive hematoma puncture and drainage. We aimed at determining the efficacy of laser-guided minimally invasive hematoma puncture and drainage for treatment of basal ganglia hemorrhage. A total of 61 patients with hypertensive basal ganglia hemorrhage were recruited at the Binzhou Medical University Hospital, between October 2019 and January 2021, and their clinical information retrospectively analyzed. Based on the surgical approach used, patients were assigned into either laser navigation or small bone window groups depending on the surgical approach. Then, we compared the operation times, intraoperative blood loss, clinic stay, Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) rating at 30 days, Barthel index (BI) rating at 6 months, postoperative pneumonia incidences, and intracranial contamination complications between groups. Intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and sanatorium were significantly low in laser navigation group, relative to the small bone window group. At the same time, there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to postoperative hematoma volume, lung contamination, (CSF) leak, and intracranial contamination, as well as the 6-month BI and 30-day GOS rating. There were no deaths in either group. Compared with the traditional small bone window surgery, laser-guided puncture and drainage is a low-cost, accurate, and safe method for the treatment of basal ganglia hemorrhage, which is suitable for promotion in developing countries and economically underdeveloped areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Social media can facilitate self-disclosure of a stigmatized identity. This mixed-methods study explores self-disclosure by people with dementia on social media, comparing patterns and purpose of use by those aged 65 and above versus those aged under 65. Of 143 internet-using respondents of an online survey, 77 (aged between 44 and 88 years) were users of social media. Facebook was the most commonly used platform (95%), followed by Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, YouTube, and TikTok. People with dementia aged under 65 used more platforms and used social media more frequently than older counterparts [χ 2 = 5.58, p = .031]. Content analysis of open-ended questions, validated and extended through qualitative interview data, showed younger users shared dementia-related information for purposes of advocacy and awareness whereas older users prioritized the dementia journey. Social media gives people with dementia a voice to share their experiences, raise awareness, and support themselves and other individuals affected by the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether the positive associations of gastric cancer (GC) with autoimmune diseases are causal has always been controversial. This study aims to estimate the causal relationship between GC and 12 autoimmune diseases by means of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: After rigorous evaluation, potential candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for GC and 12 autoimmune diseases were extracted from genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets. We performed the MR analyses using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary approach to the analysis. Three sensitivity analysis methods were added to assess the robustness of the results. In addition, heterogeneity was measured using Cochran's Q-value, and horizontal pleiotropy was assessed using MR-Egger regression and leave-one-out analysis. Results: The IVW result, which is the main method of analysis, shows no evidence of a causal association between GC and any autoimmune disease. The results of IVW analysis show the relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (p = 0.1389), systemic lupus erythematosus (p = 0.1122), Crohn's disease (p = 0.1509), multiple sclerosis (p = 0.3944), primary sclerosing cholangitis (p = 0.9022), primary biliary cirrhosis (p = 0.7776), type 1 diabetes (p = 0.9595), ulcerative colitis (p = 0.5470), eczema (p = 0.3378), asthma (p = 0.7436), celiac disease (p = 0.4032), and psoriasis (p = 0.7622) and GC susceptibility. The same result was obtained with the weighted median and the MR-egger (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study did not find a genetic causal relationship between susceptibility to these autoimmune diseases and GC, which suggests that unmeasured confounders (e.g., inflammatory processes) or shared genetic architecture may be responsible for the reported epidemiologic associations. Further studies of ancestral diversity are warranted to validate such causal associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reprogramming of terminally differentiated cells over the past few years has become important for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in the field of regenerative medicine and disease drug modeling. At the same time, iPSCs have also played an important role in human cancer research. iPSCs derived from cancer patients can be used to simulate the early progression of cancer, for drug testing, and to study the molecular mechanism of cancer occurrence. In recent years, with the application of cellular immunotherapy in cancer therapy, patient-derived iPSC-induced immune cells (T, natural killer, and macrophage cells) solve the problem of immune rejection and have higher immunogenicity, which greatly improves the therapeutic efficiency of immune cell therapy. With the continuous progress of cancer differentiation therapy, iPSC technology can reprogram cancer cells to a more primitive pluripotent undifferentiated state, and successfully reverse cancer cells to a benign phenotype by changing the epigenetic inheritance of cancer cells. This article reviews the recent progress of cell reprogramming technology in human cancer research, focuses on the application of reprogramming technology in cancer immunotherapy and the problems solved, and summarizes the malignant phenotype changes of cancer cells in the process of reprogramming and subsequent differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is one of the most destructive rice pests in Asia. It has already developed a high level of resistance to many commonly used insecticides including nitenpyram (NIT), which is a main synthetic insecticide that is used to control BPH with a much shorter persistence compared to other neonicotinoid insecticides. Recently, we found that an exogenous supplement of paclobutrazol (PZ) could significantly enhance the efficacy of NIT against BPH, and the molecular mechanism underlying this synergistic effect was explored. The results showed that the addition of a range of 150–300 mg/L PZ increased the toxicity of NIT against BPH with the highest mortalities of 78.0–87.0% on the 16th day after treatments, and PZ could also significantly prolong the persistence of the NIT efficacies. Further investigation suggested that PZ directly increased the content of flavonoids and H2O2 in rice and increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase, which might be involved in the constitutive defense of rice in advance. Additionally, there was an interaction between PZ and BPH infestation, indicating that PZ might activate the host defense responses. Therefore, PZ increased the efficacy of NIT against the brown planthoppers by enhancing the constitutive and inducible defense responses of rice. Our study showed for the first time that PZ could contribute to improving the control effects of insecticides via inducing the defense responses in rice plants against BPH, which provided an important theoretical basis for developing novel pest management strategies in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the solidification microstructure and phase transitions of Dy-Tb-Fe alloy samples were studied by using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). No stable ternary compound was detected in the present experiments. The phase transformation temperatures of eight Dy-Tb-Fe alloy samples were measured. Based on the experimental results determined in this work and reported in the literature, the phase equilibria of the Dy-Tb-Fe system was calculated using the CALPHAD method. The calculated vertical sections are consistent with the experimental results determined in this work and reported in the literature. Furthermore, in combination with the experimental solidification microstructure, the solidification behavior of Dy-Tb-Fe alloy samples was analyzed through the thermodynamic calculation with the Gulliver–Scheil non-equilibrium model. The simulated results agree well with the experimental results. This indicates that the reasonable thermodynamic parameters of the Dy-Tb-Fe system were finally obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acoustic ventilation barriers (AVBs) constructed from metamaterials can effectively insulate sound waves while maintaining airflow, but previous schemes suffer from complex geometric structures. Here, we propose a reconfigurable AVB with subwavelength thickness (0.15λ), which is composed of simple zigzag structures with regular intervals and can be assembled into a full enclosure with an arbitrary shape. It is the interaction between the scattered wave of the zigzag structure and the un-scattered wave through the air channel that leads to a transmission dip and hence a sound insulation. Numerical simulations and experimental demonstrations consistently verify that the AVB possesses excellent omnidirectional sound insulation, while the width of the air channel can reach three times the unit width. As the number of cavity increases, the acoustic insulation bandwidth is broadened from 0.875/λ to 2.75/λ. As an example, a circle AVB is further demonstrated to shield acoustic waves emitting from either the interior or exterior. Experimental measurements indicate that the average sound transmission losses can reach roughly 19 dB and 15 dB, respectively. We believe that the proposed AVB may find potential applications in architectural acoustics, room acoustics, and duct noise control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the novel bulk–edge–corner correspondence of higher-order topological states had attracted increasing attention. Past research studies on higher-order topological insulators, however, have mainly concentrated on the topological multipole states within the low-frequency bandgap for airborne sound waves. In this paper, we propose a higher-order topological insulator with kagome symmetry based on two-dimensional elastic phononic crystals (PNCs), which can operate in the high-frequency bandgap. Topological corner and edge states are both achieved in well-designed finite PNCs. In addition, we demonstrate the robust characteristics of elastic topological corner and edge states in PNCs with different defects (e.g., cavities, disorders, and bends). As the analog counterpart for classical waves, the proposed PNCs provide an alternative scheme for research into the topological phases of matter in macroscopic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphite ore and graphite tailings were blended into iron-tailings-based cementitious mortars, and their mechanical properties and microstructure were experimentally investigated. The flexural and compressive strengths of the resulting material were tested to compare the effects of graphite ore and graphite tailings as supplementary cementitious materials and fine aggregates on the mechanical properties of iron-tailings-based cementitious mortars. Additionally, their microstructure and hydration products were mainly analyzed using scanning electronic microscope and X-ray powder diffraction techniques. The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of the mortar material incorporating graphite ore were reduced due to the lubricating properties of graphite ore. As a result, the unhydrated particles and aggregates were not tightly bound to the gel phase, making the direct application of graphite ore in construction materials unfeasible. In the iron-tailings-based cementitious mortars prepared in this work, the optimal incorporation rate of graphite ore as a supplementary cementitious material was 4 wt%. The compressive strength of the optimal mortar test block after 28 days of hydration was 23.21 MPa, and the flexural strength was 7.76 MPa. The mechanical properties of the mortar block were found to be optimal with a graphite-tailings content of 40 wt% and an iron-tailings content of 10 wt%, resulting in a 28-day compressive strength of 48.8 MPa and a flexural strength of 11.7 MPa. By observing the microstructure and XRD pattern of the 28-day hydrated mortar block, it was determined that the hydration products of the mortar with graphite tailings as an aggregate included ettringite, Ca(OH)2, and C-A-S-H gel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scytinostroma is species-rich genus in Peniophoraceae, Russulales and has been shown to be polyphyletic. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses on the core clade of Scytinostroma based on concatenated ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-nrLSU sequence data. Fifteen lineages including four new species from China, Scytinostroma beijingensis, S. boidinii, S. subduriusculum, and S. subrenisporum, were recognized. The genus Michenera was nested within the Scytinostroma s.s. clade in the phylogenetic tree of Peniophoraceae. Sequences of S. portentosum (type species) and S. hemidichophyticum from Europe formed a strongly supported lineage sister to the S. portentosum sample from Canada. It is supposed that the European "S. portentosum" is S. hemidichophyticum, and the former species is restricted in distribution to North America. Scytinostroma duriusculum is supposed to be a species complex. Samples from Sri Lanka (the type locality) formed a lineage sister to those from China, Thailand and Vietnam (described herein as S. subduriusculum) and two samples from France that might represent an undescribed species. The four new species are described and illustrated, and an identification key to all the 14 Scytinostroma s.s. species worldwide is provided. Until now, seven species of Scytinostroma s.s. have been found in China. Our results increased the knowledge of species diversity and taxonomy of corticioid fungi in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Muscle health is essential for children's physical development and future health. PPARGC1A gene encode the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator 1α which coactivates transcription factors that control mediating skeletal muscle fiber type conversion and skeletal muscle fiber formation. The PPARGC1A rs8192678 Gly/Ser (Gly482Ser) polymorphism was associated with the regulation of skeletal muscle fibre type. This paper aims to explore the association between the PPARGC1A rs8192678 (Gly482Ser) polymorphism and muscle fitness in Chinese schoolchildren. Methods: We detected the distribution of the PPARGC1A rs8192678 (Gly482Ser) polymorphism by DNA typing of saliva samples from untrained Southern Chinese Han children aged 7–12 years. Considering that muscle studies in children cannot use invasive sampling, we analyzed the association between alleles and genotypes with high validity tests of muscle fitness assesment in children(handgrip strength, standing long jump, sit-ups and push-ups). Results: The results showed no significant differences in height, weight or body mass index between the sexes. The grip strength indicators were correlated with age in boys and height and weight in girls. Sit-ups were significantly higher in girls with the PPARGC1A Gly/Gly genotype than in boys, and handgrip strength and standing long jump were significantly lower in girls with the PPARGC1A rs8192678 (Gly482Ser) genotype than in boys. Genetic model analysis showed that the Gly482 allele had a dominant genetic effect on the Gly482 allele is hypothesized to influence the expression of type I fibers in skeletal muscle in girls, while the Ser482 allele affects on type II fibers in girls. The two alleles had little genetic effect on boys. Conclusions: The results suggested the possible association of the PPARGC1A rs8192678 (Gly482Ser) polymorphism on myofibril type-related phenotypes in Han Chinese children in southern China, with a particular impact on girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement of the structure of the heat exchanger in the thermoelectric power generation system is an effective way to enhance the power generation efficiency. The current study proposes a segmented converging TEG (thermoelectric generator) structure on the left and right sides of the heat exchanger and establishes TEG structure models with different converging angles. Simulation analyses were conducted to analyze the effects of exhaust gas temperature and mass flow on the thermoelectric coupling effect of the system, as well as back pressure power loss and system temperature uniformity. The results have shown that in comparison with the traditional TEG structure, the proposed converging TEG structure and TEM (thermoelectric module) layout could effectively improve the output power of the system and the uniformity of the surface temperature of the heat exchanger, thereby reducing the pressure drop loss of the system. Moreover, in comparison to the traditional TEM layout in an overall converging TEG, the proposed TEM layout in this study can increase the system output power by 14.64% under low-speed working condition and when the converging angle α = 6°; the net power of the proposed bidirectional converging TEG system has increased by 36.22% and the temperature uniformity coefficient has decreased by 71.98% under the medium-speed working condition and when the converging angle α = 6°. The research may shed new light on the structural design and improvement of TEG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluated treatment acceptability for behavioral interventions addressing challenging behaviors with Chinese caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Factors influencing treatment acceptability (i.e., severity of challenging behavior and Chinese child-rearing values) were investigated. Caregivers of children aged 2–12 years (N = 216) participated in this survey study. Results suggest that caregivers found positive strategies including noncontingent reinforcement and positive reinforcement the most acceptable; punishment-based strategies were rated as the least acceptable. Furthermore, positive punishment was perceived as more acceptable for severe challenging behavior. Caregivers who endorsed training were more likely to find positive strategies acceptable, whereas those who endorsed shaming were more likely to rate punishment-based strategies as more acceptable. Implications for future research and culturally competent behavioral treatments in Chinese context are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was believed that Kramers–Henneberger (KH) atoms in a linearly polarized superintense laser field exhibit the structure of "dichotomy." At large quiver amplitude, the two lowest-lying eigenstates are degenerated and both have a dichotomous symmetric structure. However, this is not a common structure for KH atoms because KH atoms practically can only exist in the focused laser field. However, in a focused laser, KH state electrons usually experience the ponderomotive force, which will lift the degeneracy and break the symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that higher-order topological insulators with C4 symmetry can be realized in two-dimensional elastic phononic crystals. Both one-dimensional topological edge states and zero-dimensional topological corner states are visualized and can transform each other by tuning the crystalline symmetry in a hierarchical structure. The systematic band structure calculations indicate that elastic wave energy in the hierarchical structures can be localized with remarkable robustness, which is very promising for new generations of integrated solid-state phononic circuits with a great versatility. In addition, the corner states residing in a much wider bandgap greatly increase the signal-to-noise ratio of topological devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent need to protect user privacy and security has emerged as the World Wide Web has become an increasingly necessary part of daily life. Browser fingerprinting is a very interesting topic in the industry of technology security. New technology will always raise new security issues and browser fingerprinting will undoubtedly follow the same process. It has become one of the most popular topics in online privacy because, to date, there is still no exact solution as to how to stop it entirely. The majority of solutions just aim to reduce the likelihood of obtaining a browser fingerprint. Research on browser fingerprinting is unquestionably required since it is essential to educate users, developers, policymakers, and law enforcement about it so that they can make strategic choices based on knowledge. Browser fingerprinting must be recognised in order to defend against privacy problems. A browser fingerprint is described as data gathered by the receiving server to identify a distant device, and it is different from cookies. Websites frequently utilize browser fingerprinting to obtain information about the type and version of the browser, as well as the operating system, and other current settings. It has been known that even when cookies are disabled, fingerprints can be used to fully or partially identify users or devices. In this communication paper, a new insight into the challenge of browser fingerprint is encouraged as a new venture. Thus, the initial way to truly understand the browser fingerprint is the need to collect browser fingerprints. In this work, the process of data collection for browser fingerprinting through scripting, to offer a complete all-in-one fingerprinting test suite, has been thoughtfully divided into appropriate sections and grouped with key information to be carried out. The objective is to gather fingerprint data with no personal identification information and make it an open source of raw datasets in the industry for any future research purposes. To our best knowledge, there are no open datasets made available for browser fingerprints in the research field. The dataset will be widely accessible by anyone interested in obtaining those data. The dataset collected will be very raw and will be in the form of a text file. Thus, the main contribution of this work is to share an open dataset of browser fingerprints along with its collection methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkash and Kour obtained a new version of Cohen's theorem for Noetherian modules, which states that a finitely generated R-module M is Noetherian if and only if for every prime ideal p of R with Ann(M) - p, there exists a finitely generated submodule Np of M such that pM = Np = M(p), where M(p) = fx 2 M j sx 2 pM for some s 2 R n pg. In this paper, we generalize the Parkash and Kour version of Cohen's theorem for Noetherian modules to S-Noetherian modules and w-Noetherian modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have emerged as promising candidates for solution‐processed optical gain materials. Despite the substantial progress made with Cd or Pb‐contained CQDs, lasing from the environmentally friendly CQDs remains underexplored. Here, the highly emissive ZnSeTe/ZnSe/ZnS and ZnSe/ZnS CQDs is developed. The optical gain and lasing action from such Te‐alloyed and intrinsic ZnSe/ZnS CQDs across the blue spectral region is achieved. Te‐alloyed ZnSe core manifests a quasitype‐II band alignment with the ZnSe intermediate layer, favorable for suppressing the Auger recombination and also lasing wavelength tuning. The transient absorption spectroscopy reveals evidence of a blue optical gain with a threshold of one exciton per dot and a lifetime of 171 ps in the alloyed CQDs. Under a quasicontinuous‐wave pumping, lasing is observed from the blue CQDs in Fabry–Pérot cavities with a lower threshold fluence of 12.5 µJ cm−2 as compared with the traditional counterparts with heavy metals. The demonstration of heavy‐metal‐free CQD lasing opens up new opportunities in the application of CQDs as efficient and environmental‐friendly gain media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The root of Polygonum bistorta (PB) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant material widely used in China. It has been commonly used for the treatment of hemostasis, detumescence, diarrhea, snake bite, and acute gastroenteritis. However, the research on the antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds from PB is inadequate. In the current research, an online microextraction (OLME) coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the 2,2-nitrogen-di (3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt antioxidant assay (HPLC-ABTS) system for rapid analysis of antioxidants from PB was proposed. The PB sample (0.17 mg) was online extracted by mobile phase (acetonitrile and 0.2% acetic acid); a Poroshell 120 SB-Aq column was used for separation; then, an online ABTS assay system was used for screening the antioxidants. Finally, ten components were found in PB, and among them, eight components possessed antioxidant activities. Furthermore, five components (gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and an unknown compound) were proved as major antioxidants when compared with rutin as an antioxidant marker. The results showed that the developed OLME-HPLC-ABTS system was a simple, rapid, green, and efficient instrument for the screening of antioxidants from PB, which provides a powerful tool for the discovery of natural antioxidants in Chinese medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trigonal planar units with large polarizability anisotropy and high physicochemical stability are ideal structural units for exploring nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Integrating the merits of two types of triangular‐like moieties, a family of second‐order NLO‐active hybrid halides, MATX (X = Cl (1), Br (2), and I (3)), are achieved. MATX crystallizes in a nonpolar space group of P6¯$P\overline 6 $2c but exhibits the optimal spatial arrangement and superior NLO performance. The low coordination planar trigonal AgX3 units enable segregation in layers of the three‐winged propeller‐like Me3TPA units. All of the layers are packed in a perfect parallel fashion, making the functional materials exhibit superior NLO performances, including the phase matchable behavior with strong SHG responses (6.2/1, 6.5/2, and 7.6/3 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate), large birefringence (0.232/1, 0.252/2 and 0.260/3 at 1064 nm), high laser damage threshold, wide transparent window, and easiness of crystal growth. The first‐principles calculations reveal that the coexistence of strong linear and nonlinear optical properties are ascribed to the synergistic effect of the trigonal moieties. This study points out a useful path for the rational design of excellent NLO materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The root of Polygonum bistorta (PB) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant material widely used in China. It has been commonly used for the treatment of hemostasis, detumescence, diarrhea, snake bite, and acute gastroenteritis. However, the research on the antioxidant properties and bioactive compounds from PB is inadequate. In the current research, an online microextraction (OLME) coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with the 2,2-nitrogen-di (3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt antioxidant assay (HPLC-ABTS) system for rapid analysis of antioxidants from PB was proposed. The PB sample (0.17 mg) was online extracted by mobile phase (acetonitrile and 0.2% acetic acid); a Poroshell 120 SB-Aq column was used for separation; then, an online ABTS assay system was used for screening the antioxidants. Finally, ten components were found in PB, and among them, eight components possessed antioxidant activities. Furthermore, five components (gallic acid, neochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and an unknown compound) were proved as major antioxidants when compared with rutin as an antioxidant marker. The results showed that the developed OLME-HPLC-ABTS system was a simple, rapid, green, and efficient instrument for the screening of antioxidants from PB, which provides a powerful tool for the discovery of natural antioxidants in Chinese medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, inverse scattering transform for the sixth‐order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with both zero and nonzero boundary conditions at infinity is given, respectively. For the case of zero boundary conditions, in terms of the Laurent's series and generalization of the residue theorem, the bound‐state soliton is derived. For nonzero boundary conditions, using the robust inverse scattering transform, we present a matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem of the sixth‐order nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Then, based on the obtained Riemann–Hilbert problem, the rogue wave solutions are derived through a modified Darboux transformation. Besides, according to some appropriate parameters choices, several graphical analysis are provided to discuss the dynamical behaviors of the rogue wave solutions and analyze how the higher‐order terms affect the rogue wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trigonal planar units with large polarizability anisotropy and high physicochemical stability are ideal structural units for exploring nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Integrating the merits of two types of triangular‐like moieties, a family of second‐order NLO‐active hybrid halides, MATX (X = Cl (1), Br (2), and I (3)), are achieved. MATX crystallizes in a nonpolar space group of P6¯$P\overline 6 $2c but exhibits the optimal spatial arrangement and superior NLO performance. The low coordination planar trigonal AgX3 units enable segregation in layers of the three‐winged propeller‐like Me3TPA units. All of the layers are packed in a perfect parallel fashion, making the functional materials exhibit superior NLO performances, including the phase matchable behavior with strong SHG responses (6.2/1, 6.5/2, and 7.6/3 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate), large birefringence (0.232/1, 0.252/2 and 0.260/3 at 1064 nm), high laser damage threshold, wide transparent window, and easiness of crystal growth. The first‐principles calculations reveal that the coexistence of strong linear and nonlinear optical properties are ascribed to the synergistic effect of the trigonal moieties. This study points out a useful path for the rational design of excellent NLO materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) include key oxidative enzymes involved in the metabolism of various carcinogens and anticancer drugs. Bioinformatic studies have demonstrated the association of CYP3A43 with liver cancer and ovarian cancer. However, the biological function of CYP3A43 in tumor progression remains unclear. To further reveal the role of CYP3A43 in tumor progression, we first analyzed the data from the UALCAN database and found that CYP3A43 was negatively correlated to the cancer staging and lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We established stable CYP3A43-knockdown LUAD H1299 cell line and found that its knockdown enhanced cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration in vitro, and promoted the growth of tumor xenograft in vivo. Interestingly, when CYP3A43 was ectopically-expressed in the LUAD cell lines, decreased cell proliferation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation level were observed. Lastly, we also identified CYP3A43 co-expressed genes in LUAD from LinkedOmics database followed by GO and KEGG analyses. In conclusion, our results indicate the unprecedented role of CYP3A43 in the suppression of LUAD and provide new possibilities for targeted therapy of this life-threatening disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pet robots are technology-based substitutes for live animals that have demonstrated psychosocial benefits for people living with dementia in long-term care. However, little research has been conducted to understand how pet robots should be implemented in routine care. This study aims to identify, contextualize, and achieve expert consensus on strategies to implement pet robots as part of dementia care in long-term care facilities. A 2-round modified Delphi study. An international panel of 56 experts from 14 countries, involving care professionals, organizational leaders, and researchers. A list of potentially relevant strategies was identified, contextualized, and revised using empirical data and through stakeholder consultations. These strategies constituted statements for Round 1. Experts rated the relative importance of each statement on a 9-point scale, and free-text fields allowed them to provide justifications. Consensus was predefined as ≥75% agreement. Statements not reaching an agreement were brought forward to Round 2. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and textual data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Thirteen strategies reached consensus; 11 were established as critical: (1) assess readiness and identify barriers and facilitators, (2) purposely reexamine the implementation, (3) obtain and use residents' and their family's feedback, (4) involve residents and their family, (5) promote adaptability, (6) conduct ongoing training, (7) conduct educational meetings, (8) conduct local consensus discussions, (9) organize clinician implementation team meetings, (10) provide local technical assistance, and (11) access new funding. Other strategies received differing extents of agreement. Reasons for variations included contextual differences, such as resource availability, organizational structures, and staff turnover. This study identified the most relevant strategies that can be used by technology developers, care providers, and researchers to implement pet robots in long-term care facilities for dementia care. Further development, specification, and testing in real-world settings are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural practices such as water and N management can contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Fertigation frequency and level are the two most important factors of irrigation scheduling. Proper irrigation management can establish moderate moist conditions throughout the crop growth period in the root zone and reduce GHG emissions and NH3 volatilization. The main objective was to evaluate the possibility of reducing soil N2O and CO2 emissions and NH3 volatilization without crop yield reduction by manipulating the subsurface-drip fertigation (SDF) frequency and level. An experiment was carried out adopting three SDF frequencies, High-Frequency (7-day, HF), Medium-Frequency (8-day, MF), and Low-Frequency (10-day fertigation intervals, LF), and two irrigation levels, 80% (I80) and 70% (I70) of amount in farmer's common practice (1500 m3 ha−1). Urea, N > 46.2% at the rate of 90% of traditional fertilization level (270 Kg N ha−1) was injected with irrigation water. Results indicated that soil N2O, CO2, NO3−-N, NO2−-N, and water-filled pore space increased with fertigation frequency and an opposite pattern for NH4+-N and NH3. HF significantly (p < 0.05) increased crop yield by 45.1% and 49.2% compared to LF, under I80 and I70 levels, respectively. At the same irrigation level, HF was the optimum management practice. Person correlation analysis showed significant correlations between NO2−-N and N2O, CO2 and soil temperature, and NH4+-N and NH3. The study suggests that HF of SDF with emitters buried at 0.15 m depth helps to keep high Chinese cabbage yield increases GHG emissions, but is not significant, and decreases NH3 volatilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that gestational inflammation can accelerate age‐associated cognitive decline (AACD) in maternal mice; enriched environments (EEs) have been reported to protect normally aging mice from AACD and improve mitochondrial function. However, it is unclear whether the nitrosative stress‐related proteins tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) and S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) are involved in the accelerated aging process of gestational inflammation and whether EEs can slow this process. Methods: In this study, CD‐1 female mice on the 15th day of pregnancy were injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (50 μg/kg; LPS group) or an equivalent amount of normal saline (CON group) from the abdominal cavity for 4 consecutive days. Twenty‐one days after delivery, half of the LPS‐treated mice were randomly selected for EE until the end of the behavioral experiment (LPS‐E group). When the female rats were raised to 6 months and 18 months of age, the Morris water maze (MWM) was used to detect spatial learning and memory ability; RT‐PCR and Western blots were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels of hippocampal TET1 and GSNOR. Results: As for the control group, compared with 6‐month‐old mice, the spatial learning and memory ability of 18‐month‐old mice decreased, and the hippocampal TET1 and GSNOR mRNA and protein levels were decreased. Gestational inflammation exacerbated these age‐related changes, but an EE alleviated the effects. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that performance during the learning and memory periods in the MWM correlated with the levels of hippocampal TET1 and GSNOR. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that gestational inflammation accelerates age‐related learning and memory impairments and that postpartum EE exposure could alleviate these changes. These effects may be related to hippocampal TET1 and GSNOR expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance has become a major global challenge in recent years. Abusing and misusing antibiotics leads to the widespread spread of resistance genes in the water environment, which poses great challenges to drinking water safety and human health. Traditional disinfection methods are not effective against antibiotic resistance genes. While ultraviolet (UV) disinfection is widely used for its efficient bactericidal effect, its effect on tetracycline resistance genes is poor, and there is no disinfection persistence, as antibiotic resistance bacteria are easily restored by photoreactivation. As a green way of disinfection with continuous disinfection and without disinfection by-products, tea polyphenols have gradually attracted wide attention from researchers, because they can serve as an assistant disinfectant for ultraviolet disinfection. Studies have shown that tea polyphenols as an assistant disinfectant can effectively compensate for the disadvantages of ultraviolet disinfection. In this study, the effects of a UV-tea polyphenols combined disinfection process on resistance genes were analyzed by metagenomics sequencing, and the combined process showed better removal of tetracycline and β -lactam resistance genes. It is suitable for raw water containing higher concentrations of specific resistance genes. This combined disinfection process controls the spread of resistance genes mainly through the direct disruption of resistance genes and the effective inhibition and killing of resistant bacteria. This is important for the optimization of resistance genes removal capability in water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐2D perovskites have drawn considerable attention in light‐emitting diodes due to their tunable energy landscape, efficient luminescence, and structural diversity. However, the excessive formation of low‐n (n ≤ 2) phases leads to lower carrier injection efficiency arising from the large injection barrier. Meanwhile, inefficient energy transfer caused by undesirable phases distribution results in multipeak emission. In this study, polar anti‐solvent is used that can interact with spacer cations via strong hydrogen bonding, tailoring phases distribution to address the issue. The ethyl acetate treatment induces preferential growth of large‐n phases and enhances energy transfer due to the strong hydrogen bonding energy ≈ −17 kcal mol−1. Leveraging these insights, efficient sky‐blue and green perovskite light‐emitting diodes are developed with improved external quantum efficiency ranging from 4.21% to 8.77%. The anti‐solvent treatment can open up a new avenue to regulate the phase distribution for an efficient energy funnel effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]