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The certification of immunogenicity consistency at different production scales is indispensable for the quality control of vaccines. A randomized, double-blind immunobridging trial in healthy adults aged 18–59 was divided into Scale A (50 L and 800 L) and Scale B (50 L and 500 L) based on vaccine manufacturing scales. Eligible participants in Scale A were randomly assigned to receive the single-dose recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) of different scales at a 1:1 ratio, as was Scale B. The primary endpoint was the geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti-live SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAb) 28 days post-vaccination. 1,012 participants were enrolled, with 253 (25%) per group. The post-vaccination GMTs of NAb were 10.72 (95% CI: 9.43, 12.19) and 13.23 (11.64, 15.03) in Scale A 50 L and 800 L, respectively; 11.64 (10.12, 13.39) and 12.09 (10.48, 13.95) in Scale B 50 L and 500 L, respectively. GMT ratios in Scale A and B have a 95% CI of 0.67–1.5. Most adverse reactions were mild or moderate. 17 of 18 participants reported non-vaccination-related serious adverse reactions. The Ad5-nCoV in the scale-up production of 500 L and 800 L showed consistent immunogenicity with the original 50 L production scale, respectively.

In high voltage power system, with the gradual increment of SF 6 gas closed-end insulation composite appliance, the application of Gas insulated switchgear (GIS) becomes more and more widely accepted based on its high reliability, less maintenance, long maintenance cycle, and low failure rate (only 20% ∼40% of conventional equipment). However, the GIS has its inherent shortcomings, as a result of the SF6 gas leakage, external water infiltration, the conductive impurities as well as insulator aging factors, such as internal flashover. To this end, this paper designs a rail-type inspection robot for GIS substation. First, it analyzes the background of high voltage substation and GIS. Secondly, considering the distribution of GIS and the task of substation inspection, the paper gives the key components of rail-type inspection robot, such as straight walking components, turning and changing track component, partial discharge (PD) detection component. Thirdly, it proposes that the architecture of rail type inspection robot system is a network distributed, which includes three parts: the background layer, communication layer and terminal layer. In addition, it discusses in detail the motion control method of inspection, especially positioning control. Then it explains the software and hardware structure of the motion control system: Radio frequency identification (RFID) is used for motion positioning of inspection robots; the background layer controls the motion of the inspection robot and uses the background software to analyze the detection data. Finally, the paper proves that the inspection robot has good balance, flexible turning, and a large inspection range. The robot can completely inspect work well instead of staff.

Fulminant hepatic failure manifests a rapid onset, serious complications, and a high mortality, but still there is a possibility of recovery. Once the patient is able to pass a crisis, the liver is able to regenerate completely and regain its normal function. Therefore it is of vital importance to determine the eligible timing for transplantation. Premature surgery might result in a loss of the chance of internal medical treatment and misuse of liver resources, whereas delayed surgery might increase the difficulty of treatment in the preoperative period and the possibility of complications and medical expense, which eventually result in decreased rate of success and survival. This problem remains worldwide how to choose the optional timing of operation.Thirty-six patients with severe hepatitis were treated by orthotopic liver transplantation. The distribution of MELD scores in these patients was: 10-19 in 8 patients, 20-29 in 10, 30-39 in 11, and 40 in 7. They were divided into two groups: MELD score30 and MELD scoreor=30. Parameters (1-year survival rate, complications, preoperative use of artificial liver, operative time, volume of bleeding and blood transfusion, and average hospital costs) were examined as prognostic factors after liver transplantation.The 1-year survival rate of the MELD score30 group was higher than that of theor=30 group (77.8% and 33.3%, P=0.007), and the rate of complications in the30 group was lower (P=0.012). There were no differences in the timing of artificial liver treatment, operative time, operative hemorrhage, and transfusion between the two groups (P=0.742). But the average daily hospital cost in the MELD scoreor=30 group was higher (P=0.008).This study shows that when the MELD score is30 it may be the optimal time to perform liver transplantation for patients with severe hepatitis.

Liver transplantation has evolved as a successful treatment for patients with end-stage liver cirrhosis and acute liver failure. Postoperative survival rates have increased to 90% in 1 year and 80% in 5 years as a result of improvements in immunosuppression, perioperative management and surgical techniques. However, a wide range of postoperative complications are of technical or medical origin. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between the technical improvements and optimal timing of surgery and its outcome.From April 1999 to October 2005, typical orthotopic or piggyback liver transplantation was performed in 70 patients (58 men and 12 women, aged 19-74 years). Twenty-four patients had liver carcinoma and cirrhosis, and 46 had benign liver disease.All patients survived the operation and 14 died in the first month after surgery because of respiratory failure (6), respiratory failure accompanied by acute renal failure (4), intra-abdominal hemorrhage and infection (2), and cerebral edema (2). A total of 76 complications occurred in the 70 patients after operation: pneumonia (34), right pleural effusion (11), bile leakage (7), postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage and infection (4), acute renal failure (4), acute rejection (3), wound infection (2), biliary tract stenosis (2), severe cholangitis derived from cholelith (2), morphological alteration of biliary tree (2), cerebral edema (2), empyema (1), chronic rejection (1), and wound hematoma (1). Finally, 33 patients survived more than 6 months, 16 more than 1 year, 4 more than 2 years, and 2 more than 6 years after operation. The perioperative survival rate was 80% in this series.Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. To obtain good results, improvements of surgical technique, optimal timing and better postoperative care are needed.