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From the perspective of geography, human trafficking is the abnormal migration of a population. With the rise of the "relational turn" in human geography, relational geography provides a complex multidimensional and topological relationship logic system for studying human trafficking, which could help with exploring the process and correlation between the phenomenon and subjects of human trafficking. In this study, we focused on human trafficking aimed at women and young children and reviewed the relational geography theory to obtain the theoretical framework for this problem. Subsequently, we deconstructed the human trafficking and "post-trafficking" context from the paradigm of space, place, and subjectivity. Then, we constructed a relational geography logic system for the study and post-trafficking interventions. We found that (1) the connotations of "gender" and "body" in a patriarchal culture provide the "soil" and "market" for human trafficking aimed at women and young children. Because of its smallness on the spatial scale, the body is an important entrance to the study of human trafficking. Spatial physical disciplines and power separations exist in the relationship network formed by human trafficking. (2) Human trafficking generates multiple diachronic influences on victims. Children and women who have been abducted face the reconstruction of local relations and intersubjectivity during the post-trafficking stage. (3) Human trafficking governance and post-trafficking interventions should be conducted with a view toward the relational geography logic system and the paradigm of relational space, local relations, and intersubjectivity in order to open logical channels from offenders and victims. The introduction of relational geography may provide theoretical and practical contributions to the study of human trafficking. Regarding the former, it could promote the theoretical study of human trafficking crimes from the traditional paradigm of space to relationship space, as well as from the local to local relations and the subjective to intersubjectivity. In terms of application, findings of this study may draw attention to the importance of spatial physical discipline and power separation in human trafficking when strategizing regarding governance and interventions. Additionally, findings of the study may contribute to fostering more effective interventions during the post-trafficking stage because of our focus on the subjective reconstruction of women and children who have been kidnapped.

Introduction: Diabetes has been recognized as an independent risk factor for periodontitis. Increasing evidences indicate that hyperglycemia aggravates inflammatory response of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) is a water-soluble compound that can release carbon monoxide (CO) in a controllable manner. CORM-3 has been shown the anti-inflammatory effect in different cell lineages. Methods: We stimulated periodontal ligament cells with LPS and high glucose. The expression of inflammatory cytokine was detected by ELISA. RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of TLR2, TLR4, RAGE and the activation of NF-κB pathway. We performed silencing and overexpression treatment of RAGE targeting the role of RAGE. We performed the immunostaining of paraffin sections of the periodontitis model in diabetes rats. Results: The results showed that CORM-3 significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokine in hPDLCs stimulated with LPS and high glucose. CORM-3 also inhibited LPS and high glucose-induced expression of RAGE/NF-κB pathway and TLR2/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Silence of RAGE resulted in significantly decreased expression of proteins above. Overexpression of RAGE significantly enhanced the expression of these factors. CORM-3 abrogated the effect of RAGE partially. In animal model, CORM-3 suppressed the inflammatory response of periodontal tissues in experimental periodontitis of diabetic rats. Discussion: Our research proved CORM-3 reduced the inflammatory response via RAGE/NF-κB pathway and TLR2/TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the process of high glucose exacerbated periodontitis. These findings demonstrated the role of RAGE in the process of high glucose exacerbated periodontitis and suggested that CORM3 be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes patients with periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Garlic leaf spot (GLS) caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the main diseases in the garlic production areas, and its management heavily relies on dicarboximide fungicides. However, the efficacy of dicarboximides against the GLS disease has decreased year on year. RESULTS: In the present study, 10 of 148 A. alternata strains separated from Jiangsu Province were moderately resistant (MR) to a dicarboximide fungicide procymidone (ProMR). Positive cross‐resistance was observed between Pro and iprodione (Ipro) or fludioxonil (Fld), but not between Pro and fluazinam or azoxystrobin. Mutations at AaOS1, but not Aafhk1, were confirmed to confer the Pro resistance by constructing replacement mutants, whereas mutations at both AaOS1 and Aafhk1 decreased the gene expression level of AapksI, as well as the ability to produce mycotoxin AOH (polyketide‐derived alternariol) and virulence. Additionally, more genes (AaOS1 and Aafhk1) harboring the mutations experienced a larger biological fitness penalty. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report on Pro resistance selected in garlic fields, and mutations at AaOS1 of A. alternata causing a decreased ability to produce the mycotoxin AOH. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]