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Shasha Liu,1 Jinxue Wei,2,3 Rongjun Ni,2,3 Tianhao Gao,1 Peiyan Ni,2,3 Liansheng Zhao,2,3 Xiyu Duan,2,3 Xiaohong Ma,2,3 Pak C Sham,4,5 Tao Li1– 3,6 1Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 3Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China; 5State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China; 6Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tao LiPsychiatric Laboratory of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 1 Keyuan Si Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail litaohx@scu.edu.cnBackground: Mice with a deletion at exon 19 of the circadian locomotor output cycles Kaput gene (Clockdelta19) exhibit mania-like behavior and have been one of the most common animal models for bipolar disorder (BD). The predictive validity of the Clockdelta19 was investigated via studies using lithium previously. Determination of effects of other mood stabilizers on Clockdelta19 mouse would be helpful for better understanding of the mechanism underlined.Methods: Wildtype (WT) and Clockdelta19 mice were treated with saline (n = 10 for WT and n=10 for Clockdelta19) or valproate (VPA) (n = 10 for WT and n=10 for Clockdelta19) for 10 days. The hyperactivity, anxiety-like behaviors and depression-like behaviors were tested. The concentration

Peiyan Ni,1– 3 Manli Liu,1– 3 Dequan Wang,1– 3 Yang Tian,1– 3 Liansheng Zhao,1– 3 Jinxue Wei,1– 3 Xueli Yu,1– 3 Xueyu Qi,1– 3 Xiaojing Li,1– 3 Hua Yu,1– 3 Rongjun Ni,1– 3 Xiaohong Ma,1– 3 Wei Deng,1– 3 Wanjun Guo,1– 3 Qiang Wang,1– 3 Tao Li1– 4 1The Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China; 2Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China; 3Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China; 4Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tao LiThe Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 28 Dian Xin Nan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-28-85423561Email litaohx@scu.edu.cnIntroduction: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder are three common mental disorders. Although their diagnosis and treatment differ, they partially overlap.Methods: To explore the similarities and characteristics of these three psychiatric diseases, an intelligence quotient (IQ) assessment was performed to evaluate cognitive deficits. Relative catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was examined in all three groups compared with healthy controls (HCs).Results: The results indicated that patients with any of the three psychiatric diseases presented IQ deficits, and that the first-episode schizophrenia (FES) group had even lower cognitive function than the other two groups. The relative COMT expression decreased in the FES group and increased in the BD group compared wi

Min Wang,1,2 Jinxue Wei,1,2 Xiao Yang,1,2 Peiyan Ni,1,2 Yingcheng Wang,1,2 Liansheng Zhao,1,2 Wei Deng,1,2 Wanjun Guo,1,2 Qiang Wang,1,2 Tao Li,1,2 Xiaohong Ma1,21Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of ChinaPurpose: Major depression disorder (MDD) was associated with inflammatory processes, but association results of inflammatory syndrome and MDD were inconsistent. To provide more evidence, we measured the plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-6, interferon (INT)-α2, INT-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in patients having MDD and explored correlations between the five proinflammatory cytokines and specific depressive symptoms.Patients and methods: Plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, INT-α2, INT-γ, and TNF-α were measured using ELISA for 44 MDD patients and 54 healthy controls. Patients with MDD were assessed on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), and a total score and five syndrome scores were acquired.Results: IL-6 levels in depressed patients were significantly elevated than in healthy controls, but no significant differences were observed in the levels of INF-α2, INF-γ, IL-1β, or TNF-α. In addition, correlation analysis revealed that sleep disturbances positively correlated with IL-6. Although there was no significant difference between the two groups in the levels of INF-α2, a significant positive correlation between IFN-α2 and retardation was observed.Conclusion: Elevated IL-6 levels were observed in MDD patients and IL-6 may correlate with sleep disturbances.Keywords: major depression disorder, inflammation, cytokine, interleukin-6, sleep disturbances

Jinxue Wei,* Ye Liu,* Liansheng Zhao, Xiao Yang, Peiyan Ni, Yingcheng Wang, Tao Li, Xiaohong Ma Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Elevation of plasma inflammatory factors in major depressive disorder (MDD) has been repeatedly observed, but contradictory results have also been reported. Alteration of complement components in MDD may also contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD by participating in inflammation. The recent findings that complement component 4 (C4) was involved in neural synapse elimination and associated with schizophrenia implicated the potential roles of C4 in MDD. In this study, we analyzed the plasma concentration of complement C4 and inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-α, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, of 53 patients with MDD and 60 healthy individuals. The plasma of 17 patients out of 51 after antidepressant medication was also collected for analysis. The results showed that peripheral C4 in MDD was higher than that in healthy controls. No significant correlation of inflammatory factors or C4 with depressive or anxiety symptoms was found. Antidepressant medication significantly reduced plasma C4 of patients with MDD. Our results were consistent with previous findings that complement components were elevated in MDD and suggested that C4 might play a role in pathophysiology of MDD and could be a candidate in the research of biomarker and the pathophysiology of MDD. Keywords: depression, C4, inflammation