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Glioblastoma is a very aggressive tumor and represents the most common primary brain malignancy. Key characteristics include its high resistance against conventional treatments, such as radio‐ and chemotherapy and its diffuse tissue infiltration, preventing complete surgical resection. The analysis of migration and invasion processes in a physiological microenvironment allows for enhanced understanding of these phenomena and can lead to improved therapeutic approaches. Here, we combine two state‐of‐the‐art techniques, adult organotypic brain tissue slice culture (OTC) and light‐sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) of cleared tissues in a combined method termed OTCxLSFM. Using this methodology, we can show that glioblastoma tissue infiltration can be effectively blocked through treatment with arsenic trioxide or WP1066, as well as genetic depletion of the tetraspanin, transmembrane receptor CD9, or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). With our analysis pipeline, we gain single‐cell level, three‐dimensional information, as well as insights into the morphological appearance of the tumor cells. Synopsis: Glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor, is resistant to standard treatments and infiltrates brain tissue. OTCxLSFM reveals that blocking infiltration is possible through pharmacological and genetic interventions, providing insights into tumor cell behavior.Glioblastoma is a primary brain malignancy known for its aggressiveness and resistance to conventional therapies.A novel approach, OTCxLSFM, combines brain tissue culture and advanced microscopy to study glioblastoma infiltration.Glioblastoma tissue infiltration is effectively blocked with arsenic trioxide and WP1066, or by targeting CD9 or STAT3.OTCxLSFM provides detailed single‐cell level, three‐dimensional insights into tumor cell behavior and morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gender-affirming mastectomy is a fundamental step in the transition process of transmasculine patients following the initiation of hormone replacement therapy. Its perioperative management, however, remains underreported and controversial. In this study, a large series of mastectomies in transmen maintaining hormonal therapy is presented. Methods: Over a 10-year study period, a consecutive series of 180 transmasculine patients undergoing chest masculinizing surgery was evaluated. Demographical and surgical data were collected and analyzed for potential factors influencing outcome. Results: The overall rate of complications was 15.5%. Patients who underwent periareolar incision mastectomy were significantly more likely to develop any type of complication than patients with a sub-mammary incision (28.6% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.045). Hematoma was the most common reason for surgical revision. It occurred significantly more often among the periareolar group (21.4% vs. 7.9%, p = 0.041). Duration and type of hormonal therapy did not differ between patients with or without complications. In a multivariate regression analysis, smoking and type of incision were identified as significant predictors of the all-cause complication rate, whereas the influence of BMI and resection weight diminished after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: There is scarcity of information concerning the influence of perioperative hormonal therapy in patients undergoing chest wall masculinization. The observed complication rates—with special regard to hematoma—were comparable to current reports; yet further research is needed to profoundly evaluate this topic and provide evidence-based recommendations for the perioperative management of HRT of transmasculine patients. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Capsular contracture most often leads to implant revision surgery for aesthetic or reconstructive purposes. However, little is known about which operation is chosen when revision surgery has to be performed. We performed analysis of revision indications and performed revision surgery considering implant removal or replacement and additional surgical procedures. To our knowledge, this study presents the largest German single-center analysis regarding implant revision surgery after the onset of complications. Methods: Retrospective 10-year data analysis of a single-center population undergoing breast implant revision surgery. Results: Capsular contracture was the most frequent finding before reoperation, both removal and replacement (p < 0.05). It was linked to longer duration of in situ implant placement (p < 0.05) and more frequently in reconstructive patients (p < 0.05). Implant replacement was performed more often before definite implant removal for reconstructive patients (p < 0.05). Mean duration of in situ implant placement before definite removal was lower for reconstructive patients (p = 0.005). Overall reconstructive patients were older than aesthetic patients (p < 0.05). After implant removal, 61.7% of aesthetic patients chose to undergo mastopexy, 54.7% of reconstructive patients opted for autologous breast reconstruction, and 25.4% did not choose an additional surgical procedure after implant removal. Conclusion: Significant differences are observed for reconstructive and aesthetic patients regarding indication leading to revision surgery, time of revision surgery, and the type of performed revision surgery itself. After implant removal, more than 60% of aesthetic patients undergo mastopexy, more than half of reconstructive patients choose autologous breast reconstruction, and over a quarter of patients choose no additional surgical procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mastectomy is an essential part of gender reassignment surgery for female-to-male transgender patients. Available studies indicate high patient satisfaction within this patient group; however, a standardised evaluation procedure is yet to be established., Method: Based on the BREAST-Q questionnaire, we developed a modified version targeting issues concerning FM patients; hence, all questions focussing on the physiology of biologically female patients were removed or tailored to address more specific transgender issues. Post-mastectomy transgender male patients from 1991 until 2017 were contacted and evaluated based on the questionnaire. This questionnaire comprises a total of 57 questions regarding general satisfaction with the ches area, as well as specific questions regarding satisfaction with the nipple-areola complex (NAC) and topics regarding expectations, regrets, self-confidence and sex life after mastectomy., Results: Overall, we found a high level of patient satisfaction after mastectomy. The level of regret was low and all patients would repeat mastectomy if needed., Conclusion: For most transgender males, mastectomy plays an essential role in gender reassignment surgery, overall leading to an improved quality of life for this patient population., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest malignancies and is virtually incurable. Accumulating evidence indicates that a small population of cells with a stem-like phenotype is the major culprit of tumor recurrence. Enhanced DNA repair capacity and expression of stemness marker genes are the main characteristics of these cells. Elimination of this population might delay or prevent tumor recurrence following radiochemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze whether interference with the Hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway or combined Hh/Notch blockade using small-molecule inhibitors can efficiently target these cancer stem cells and sensitize them to therapy. Using tumor sphere lines and primary patient-derived glioma cultures we demonstrate that the Hh pathway inhibitor GANT61 (GANT) and the arsenic trioxide (ATO)-mediated Hh/Notch inhibition are capable to synergistically induce cell death in combination with the natural anticancer agent (-)-Gossypol (Gos). Only ATO in combination with Gos also strongly decreased stemness marker expression and prevented sphere formation and recovery. These synergistic effects were associated with distinct proteomic changes indicating diminished DNA repair and markedly reduced stemness. Finally, using an organotypic brain slice transplantation model, we show that combined ATO/Gos treatment elicits strong growth inhibition or even complete elimination of tumors. Collectively, our data show for the first time that ATO and Gos, two drugs that can be used in the clinic, represent a promising targeted therapy approach for the synergistic elimination of glioma stem-like cells.