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2. A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19.

Author

Ruggeri, Kai, Stock, Friederike, Haslam, S, Capraro, Valerio, Boggio, Paulo, Ellemers, Naomi, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Douglas, Karen, Rand, David, van der Linden, Sander, Cikara, Mina, Finkel, Eli, Druckman, James, Wohl, Michael, Petty, Richard, Tucker, Joshua, Shariff, Azim, Gelfand, Michele, Packer, Dominic, Jetten, Jolanda, Van Lange, Paul, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Baicker, Katherine, Crum, Alia, Weeden, Kim, Napper, Lucy, Tabri, Nassim, Zaki, Jamil, Skitka, Linda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Sunstein, Cass, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Todsen, Anna, Hajian, Ali, Verra, Sanne, Buehler, Vanessa, Friedemann, Maja, Hecht, Marlene, Mobarak, Rayyan, Karakasheva, Ralitsa, Tünte, Markus, Yeung, Siu, Rosenbaum, R, Lep, Žan, Yamada, Yuki, Hudson, Sa-Kiera, Macchia, Lucía, Soboleva, Irina, Dimant, Eugen, Geiger, Sandra, Jarke, Hannes, Wingen, Tobias, Berkessel, Jana, Mareva, Silvana, McGill, Lucy, Papa, Francesca, Većkalov, Bojana, Afif, Zeina, Buabang, Eike, Landman, Marna, Tavera, Felice, Andrews, Jack, Bursalıoğlu, Aslı, Zupan, Zorana, Wagner, Lisa, Navajas, Joaquín, Vranka, Marek, Kasdan, David, Chen, Patricia, Hudson, Kathleen, Novak, Lindsay, Teas, Paul, Rachev, Nikolay, Galizzi, Matteo, Milkman, Katherine, Petrović, Marija, Van Bavel, Jay, and Willer, Robb

Subjects
Humans, Behavioral Sciences, Communication, COVID-19, Culture, Evidence-Based Practice, Health Policy, Leadership, Pandemics, Policy Making, Public Health, Social Norms
Abstract

Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions1, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2. In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations (claims) detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms physical distancing and social distancing. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.

Published
2024

5. Pipeline Dreams: Occupational Plans and Gender Differences in STEM Major Persistence and Completion

Author

Weeden, Kim A., Gelbgiser, Dafna, and Morgan, Stephen L.

Abstract

In the United States, women are more likely than men to enter and complete college, but they remain underrepresented among baccalaureates in science-related majors. We show that in a cohort of college entrants who graduated from high school in 2004, men were more than twice as likely as women to complete baccalaureate degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, including premed fields, and more likely to persist in STEM/biomed after entering these majors by sophomore year. Conversely, women were more than twice as likely as men to earn baccalaureates in a health field, although persistence in health was low for both genders. We show that gender gaps in high school academic achievement, self-assessed math ability, and family-work orientation are only weakly associated with gender gaps in STEM completion and persistence. Gender differences in occupational plans, by contrast, are strongly associated with gender gaps in STEM outcomes, even in models that assume plans are endogenous to academic achievement, self-assessed math ability, and family-work orientation. These results can inform efforts to mitigate gender gaps in STEM attainment.

Published
2020
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6. A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19

Author

Ruggeri, Kai; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-101X, Stock, Friederike, Haslam, S Alexander; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-7921, Capraro, Valerio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-0166, Boggio, Paulo, Ellemers, Naomi; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-1165, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Douglas, Karen M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6924, Rand, David G; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2783, van der Linden, Sander; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-1744, Cikara, Mina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-4474, Finkel, Eli J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-5318, Druckman, James N; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-6790, Wohl, Michael J A; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-5562, Petty, Richard E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-8575, Tucker, Joshua A; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-8650, Shariff, Azim; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4444-460X, Gelfand, Michele, Packer, Dominic; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-6548, Jetten, Jolanda, Van Lange, Paul A M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-6984, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-6169, Baicker, Katherine, Crum, Alia, Weeden, Kim A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-8457, Napper, Lucy, Tabri, Nassim, Zaki, Jamil, Većkalov, Bojana; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8477-1261, Wagner, Lisa; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-2676, et al, Ruggeri, Kai; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-101X, Stock, Friederike, Haslam, S Alexander; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-7921, Capraro, Valerio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0579-0166, Boggio, Paulo, Ellemers, Naomi; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-1165, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Douglas, Karen M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-6924, Rand, David G; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-2783, van der Linden, Sander; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-1744, Cikara, Mina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6612-4474, Finkel, Eli J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0213-5318, Druckman, James N; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1249-6790, Wohl, Michael J A; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-5562, Petty, Richard E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2870-8575, Tucker, Joshua A; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1321-8650, Shariff, Azim; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4444-460X, Gelfand, Michele, Packer, Dominic; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-6548, Jetten, Jolanda, Van Lange, Paul A M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-6984, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-6169, Baicker, Katherine, Crum, Alia, Weeden, Kim A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9975-8457, Napper, Lucy, Tabri, Nassim, Zaki, Jamil, Većkalov, Bojana; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8477-1261, Wagner, Lisa; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1925-2676, and et al

Abstract

Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process. In April 2020, an influential paper proposed 19 policy recommendations (‘claims’) detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms ‘physical distancing’ and ‘social distancing’. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.

Published
2024

7. A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19

Author

Ruggeri, Kai, primary, Stock, Friederike, additional, Haslam, S. Alexander, additional, Capraro, Valerio, additional, Boggio, Paulo, additional, Ellemers, Naomi, additional, Cichocka, Aleksandra, additional, Douglas, Karen M., additional, Rand, David G., additional, van der Linden, Sander, additional, Cikara, Mina, additional, Finkel, Eli J., additional, Druckman, James N., additional, Wohl, Michael J. A., additional, Petty, Richard E., additional, Tucker, Joshua A., additional, Shariff, Azim, additional, Gelfand, Michele, additional, Packer, Dominic, additional, Jetten, Jolanda, additional, Van Lange, Paul A. M., additional, Pennycook, Gordon, additional, Peters, Ellen, additional, Baicker, Katherine, additional, Crum, Alia, additional, Weeden, Kim A., additional, Napper, Lucy, additional, Tabri, Nassim, additional, Zaki, Jamil, additional, Skitka, Linda, additional, Kitayama, Shinobu, additional, Mobbs, Dean, additional, Sunstein, Cass R., additional, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, additional, Todsen, Anna Louise, additional, Hajian, Ali, additional, Verra, Sanne, additional, Buehler, Vanessa, additional, Friedemann, Maja, additional, Hecht, Marlene, additional, Mobarak, Rayyan S., additional, Karakasheva, Ralitsa, additional, Tünte, Markus R., additional, Yeung, Siu Kit, additional, Rosenbaum, R. Shayna, additional, Lep, Žan, additional, Yamada, Yuki, additional, Hudson, Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn, additional, Macchia, Lucía, additional, Soboleva, Irina, additional, Dimant, Eugen, additional, Geiger, Sandra J., additional, Jarke, Hannes, additional, Wingen, Tobias, additional, Berkessel, Jana B., additional, Mareva, Silvana, additional, McGill, Lucy, additional, Papa, Francesca, additional, Većkalov, Bojana, additional, Afif, Zeina, additional, Buabang, Eike K., additional, Landman, Marna, additional, Tavera, Felice, additional, Andrews, Jack L., additional, Bursalıoğlu, Aslı, additional, Zupan, Zorana, additional, Wagner, Lisa, additional, Navajas, Joaquín, additional, Vranka, Marek, additional, Kasdan, David, additional, Chen, Patricia, additional, Hudson, Kathleen R., additional, Novak, Lindsay M., additional, Teas, Paul, additional, Rachev, Nikolay R., additional, Galizzi, Matteo M., additional, Milkman, Katherine L., additional, Petrović, Marija, additional, Van Bavel, Jay J., additional, and Willer, Robb, additional

Published
2023
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8. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response

Author

Bavel, Jay J. Van, Baicker, Katherine, Boggio, Paulo S., Capraro, Valerio, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Cikara, Mina, Crockett, Molly J., Crum, Alia J., Douglas, Karen M., Druckman, James N., Drury, John, Dube, Oeindrila, Ellemers, Naomi, Finkel, Eli J., Fowler, James H., Gelfand, Michele, Han, Shihui, Haslam, S. Alexander, Jetten, Jolanda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Napper, Lucy E., Packer, Dominic J., Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Petty, Richard E., Rand, David G., Reicher, Stephen D., Schnall, Simone, Shariff, Azim, Skitka, Linda J., Smith, Sandra Susan, Sunstein, Cass R., Tabri, Nassim, Tucker, Joshua A., Linden, Sander van der, Lange, Paul van, Weeden, Kim A., Wohl, Michael J. A., Zaki, Jamil, Zion, Sean R., and Willer, Robb

Published
2020
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13. A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19

Author

Ruggeri, Kai, Stock, Friederike, Haslam, S Alexander, Capraro, Valerio, Boggio, Paulo, Ellemers, Naomi, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Douglas, Karen M, Rand, David G, van der Linden, Sander, Cikara, Mina, Finkel, Eli J, Druckman, James N, Wohl, Michael J A, Petty, Richard E, Tucker, Joshua A, Shariff, Azim, Gelfand, Michele, Packer, Dominic, Jetten, Jolanda, Van Lange, Paul A M, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Baicker, Katherine, Crum, Alia, Weeden, Kim A, Napper, Lucy, Tabri, Nassim, Zaki, Jamil, Skitka, Linda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Sunstein, Cass R, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Todsen, Anna Louise, Hajian, Ali, Verra, Sanne, Buehler, Vanessa, Friedemann, Maja, Hecht, Marlene, Mobarak, Rayyan S, Karakasheva, Ralitsa, Tünte, Markus R, Yeung, Siu Kit, Rosenbaum, R Shayna, Lep, Žan, Yamada, Yuki, Hudson, Sa-Kiera Tiarra Jolynn, Macchia, Lucía, Soboleva, Irina, Dimant, Eugen, Geiger, Sandra J, Jarke, Hannes, Wingen, Tobias, Berkessel, Jana B, Mareva, Silvana, McGill, Lucy, Papa, Francesca, Većkalov, Bojana, Afif, Zeina, Buabang, Eike K, Landman, Marna, Tavera, Felice, Andrews, Jack L, Bursalıoğlu, Aslı, Zupan, Zorana, Wagner, Lisa, Navajas, Joaquín, Vranka, Marek, Kasdan, David, Chen, Patricia, Hudson, Kathleen R, Novak, Lindsay M, Teas, Paul, Rachev, Nikolay R, Galizzi, Matteo M, Milkman, Katherine L, Petrović, Marija, Van Bavel, Jay J, Willer, Robb, Ruggeri, Kai, Stock, Friederike, Haslam, S Alexander, Capraro, Valerio, Boggio, Paulo, Ellemers, Naomi, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Douglas, Karen M, Rand, David G, van der Linden, Sander, Cikara, Mina, Finkel, Eli J, Druckman, James N, Wohl, Michael J A, Petty, Richard E, Tucker, Joshua A, Shariff, Azim, Gelfand, Michele, Packer, Dominic, Jetten, Jolanda, Van Lange, Paul A M, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Baicker, Katherine, Crum, Alia, Weeden, Kim A, Napper, Lucy, Tabri, Nassim, Zaki, Jamil, Skitka, Linda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Sunstein, Cass R, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Todsen, Anna Louise, Hajian, Ali, Verra, Sanne, Buehler, Vanessa, Friedemann, Maja, Hecht, Marlene, Mobarak, Rayyan S, Karakasheva, Ralitsa, Tünte, Markus R, Yeung, Siu Kit, Rosenbaum, R Shayna, Lep, Žan, Yamada, Yuki, Hudson, Sa-Kiera Tiarra Jolynn, Macchia, Lucía, Soboleva, Irina, Dimant, Eugen, Geiger, Sandra J, Jarke, Hannes, Wingen, Tobias, Berkessel, Jana B, Mareva, Silvana, McGill, Lucy, Papa, Francesca, Većkalov, Bojana, Afif, Zeina, Buabang, Eike K, Landman, Marna, Tavera, Felice, Andrews, Jack L, Bursalıoğlu, Aslı, Zupan, Zorana, Wagner, Lisa, Navajas, Joaquín, Vranka, Marek, Kasdan, David, Chen, Patricia, Hudson, Kathleen R, Novak, Lindsay M, Teas, Paul, Rachev, Nikolay R, Galizzi, Matteo M, Milkman, Katherine L, Petrović, Marija, Van Bavel, Jay J, and Willer, Robb

Abstract

Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions1, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2. In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations ('claims') detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms 'physical distancing' and 'social distancing'. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.

Published
2023

14. A synthesis of evidence for policy from behavioural science during COVID-19

Author

Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Leerstoel de Wit, Social Policy and Public Health, Ruggeri, Kai, Stock, Friederike, Haslam, S Alexander, Capraro, Valerio, Boggio, Paulo, Ellemers, Naomi, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Douglas, Karen M, Rand, David G, van der Linden, Sander, Cikara, Mina, Finkel, Eli J, Druckman, James N, Wohl, Michael J A, Petty, Richard E, Tucker, Joshua A, Shariff, Azim, Gelfand, Michele, Packer, Dominic, Jetten, Jolanda, Van Lange, Paul A M, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Baicker, Katherine, Crum, Alia, Weeden, Kim A, Napper, Lucy, Tabri, Nassim, Zaki, Jamil, Skitka, Linda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Sunstein, Cass R, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Todsen, Anna Louise, Hajian, Ali, Verra, Sanne, Buehler, Vanessa, Friedemann, Maja, Hecht, Marlene, Mobarak, Rayyan S, Karakasheva, Ralitsa, Tünte, Markus R, Yeung, Siu Kit, Rosenbaum, R Shayna, Lep, Žan, Yamada, Yuki, Hudson, Sa-Kiera Tiarra Jolynn, Macchia, Lucía, Soboleva, Irina, Dimant, Eugen, Geiger, Sandra J, Jarke, Hannes, Wingen, Tobias, Berkessel, Jana B, Mareva, Silvana, McGill, Lucy, Papa, Francesca, Većkalov, Bojana, Afif, Zeina, Buabang, Eike K, Landman, Marna, Tavera, Felice, Andrews, Jack L, Bursalıoğlu, Aslı, Zupan, Zorana, Wagner, Lisa, Navajas, Joaquín, Vranka, Marek, Kasdan, David, Chen, Patricia, Hudson, Kathleen R, Novak, Lindsay M, Teas, Paul, Rachev, Nikolay R, Galizzi, Matteo M, Milkman, Katherine L, Petrović, Marija, Van Bavel, Jay J, Willer, Robb, Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Leerstoel de Wit, Social Policy and Public Health, Ruggeri, Kai, Stock, Friederike, Haslam, S Alexander, Capraro, Valerio, Boggio, Paulo, Ellemers, Naomi, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Douglas, Karen M, Rand, David G, van der Linden, Sander, Cikara, Mina, Finkel, Eli J, Druckman, James N, Wohl, Michael J A, Petty, Richard E, Tucker, Joshua A, Shariff, Azim, Gelfand, Michele, Packer, Dominic, Jetten, Jolanda, Van Lange, Paul A M, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Baicker, Katherine, Crum, Alia, Weeden, Kim A, Napper, Lucy, Tabri, Nassim, Zaki, Jamil, Skitka, Linda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Sunstein, Cass R, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Todsen, Anna Louise, Hajian, Ali, Verra, Sanne, Buehler, Vanessa, Friedemann, Maja, Hecht, Marlene, Mobarak, Rayyan S, Karakasheva, Ralitsa, Tünte, Markus R, Yeung, Siu Kit, Rosenbaum, R Shayna, Lep, Žan, Yamada, Yuki, Hudson, Sa-Kiera Tiarra Jolynn, Macchia, Lucía, Soboleva, Irina, Dimant, Eugen, Geiger, Sandra J, Jarke, Hannes, Wingen, Tobias, Berkessel, Jana B, Mareva, Silvana, McGill, Lucy, Papa, Francesca, Većkalov, Bojana, Afif, Zeina, Buabang, Eike K, Landman, Marna, Tavera, Felice, Andrews, Jack L, Bursalıoğlu, Aslı, Zupan, Zorana, Wagner, Lisa, Navajas, Joaquín, Vranka, Marek, Kasdan, David, Chen, Patricia, Hudson, Kathleen R, Novak, Lindsay M, Teas, Paul, Rachev, Nikolay R, Galizzi, Matteo M, Milkman, Katherine L, Petrović, Marija, Van Bavel, Jay J, and Willer, Robb

Published
2023

19. Evaluating expectations from social and behavioral science about COVID-19 and lessons for the next pandemic

Author

Ruggeri, Kai, primary, Stock, Friederike, additional, Haslam, S. Alexander, additional, Capraro, Valerio, additional, Boggio, Paulo, additional, Ellemers, Naomi, additional, Cichocka, Aleksandra, additional, Douglas, Karen, additional, Rand, David Gertler, additional, Cikara, Mina, additional, Finkel, Eli, additional, Linden, Sander van der, additional, Druckman, James, additional, Wohl, Michael Jeremy Adam, additional, Petty, Richard, additional, Tucker, Joshua A, additional, Peters, Ellen, additional, Shariff, Azim, additional, Gelfand, Michele, additional, Packer, Dominic, additional, van Lange, Paul, additional, Pennycook, Gordon, additional, Baicker, Katherine, additional, Crum, Alia, additional, Weeden, Kim A, additional, Napper, Lucy E., additional, Tabri, Nassim, additional, zaki, jamil, additional, Skitka, Linda, additional, Kitayama, Shinobu, additional, mobbs, dean, additional, Sunstein, Cass R., additional, Galizzi, Matteo M, additional, Milkman, Katherine, additional, Petrović, Marija, additional, Todsen, Anna Louise, additional, Hajian, Ali, additional, Verra, Sanne, additional, Buehler, Vanessa, additional, Friedemann, Maja, additional, Hecht, Marlene, additional, Mobarak, Rayyan, additional, Jetten, Jolanda, additional, Karakasheva, Ralitsa, additional, Tünte, Markus R., additional, Yeung, Siu Kit, additional, Rosenbaum, R. Shayna, additional, Yamada, Yuki, additional, Hudson, Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn, additional, Soboleva, Irina, additional, Macchia, Lucía, additional, Dimant, Eugen, additional, Geiger, Sandra Jeanette, additional, Buabang, Eike Kofi, additional, Landman, Marna, additional, Lep, Zan, additional, Jarke, Hannes, additional, Wingen, Tobias, additional, Berkessel, Jana, additional, Mareva, Silvana, additional, McGill, Lucy, additional, Papa, Francesca, additional, Većkalov, Bojana, additional, Afif, Zeina, additional, Tavera, Felice, additional, Andrews, Jack L, additional, Bursalıoğlu, Aslı, additional, Zupan, Zorana, additional, Wagner, Lisa, additional, Navajas, Joaquin, additional, Vranka, Marek Albert, additional, Kasdan, David, additional, Novak, Lindsay, additional, Hudson, Kathleen, additional, Teas, Paul, additional, Rachev, Nikolay R., additional, Van Bavel, Jay Joseph, additional, and Willer, Robb, additional

Published
2022
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22. Data Files

Author

Weeden, Kim and Cornwell, Benjamin

Subjects
course enrollment networks, social networks, covid-19, higher education, coronavirus
Published
2022
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28. The Small World Network of College Classes: Implications for Epidemic Spread on a University Campus

Author

Weeden, Kim and Cornwell, Benjamin

Subjects
bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology, course enrollment networks, social networks, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Educational Sociology, covid-19, higher education, coronavirus, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, SocArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Sociology|Sociology of Education
Abstract

To slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, many universities shifted to online instruction and now face the question of whether and how to resume in-person instruction. This article uses transcript data from a medium-sized American university to describe three enrollment networks that connect students through classes, and in the process create social conditions for the spread of infectious disease: an university-wide network, an undergraduate-only network, and a liberal arts college network. All three networks are “small worlds” characterized by high clustering, short average path lengths, and multiple independent paths connecting students. Students from different majors cluster together, but gateway courses and distributional requirements create cross-major integration. Connectivity declines when large courses of 100 students or more are removed from the network, as might be the case if some courses are taught online, but moderately sized courses must also be removed before less than half of student-pairs are connected in three steps and less than two-thirds in four steps. In all simulations, most students are connected through multiple independent paths. Hybrid models of instruction can reduce but not eliminate the potential for epidemic spread through the small worlds of course enrollments.

Published
2020

29. Online_Appendices_MG_kw_edits – Supplemental material for Pipeline Dreams: Occupational Plans and Gender Differences in STEM Major Persistence and Completion

Author

Weeden, Kim A., Gelbgiser, Dafna, and Morgan, Stephen L.

Subjects
Sociology, Education, FOS: Sociology
Abstract

Supplemental material, Online_Appendices_MG_kw_edits for Pipeline Dreams: Occupational Plans and Gender Differences in STEM Major Persistence and Completion by Kim A. Weeden, Dafna Gelbgiser and Stephen L. Morgan in Sociology of Education

Published
2020
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30. Social class and earnings inequality

Author

Weeden, Kim A., Kim, Young-Mi, Di Carlo, Matthew, and Grusky, David B.

Subjects
Social classes -- Analysis, Psychology and mental health, Social sciences
Abstract

The authors examine whether growth in earnings inequality has played out in ways that are class strengthening or class weakening. Using the Current Population Survey, they show that the absolute amount of inequality is increasing (a) between big classes, (b) between the occupations constituting big classes, and (c) within occupations. In relative terms, the share of total inequality occurring within occupations has declined, whereas the share of total inequality occurring between classes and between the occupations constituting big classes has tended to increase, most clearly for men. Although the majority of earnings inequality is still generated within occupations, especially rapid growth of the between-class and between-occupation components implies that the well-known takeoff in inequality has generated a 'lumpier' earnings distribution with relatively stronger class and occupational distinctions. Keywords: social class; earnings inequality: wage inequality

Published
2007

31. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response

Author

Bavel, Jay J Van, Baicker, Katherine, Boggio, Paulo S, Capraro, Valerio, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Cikara, Mina, Crockett, Molly J, Crum, Alia J, Douglas, Karen M, Druckman, James N, Drury, John, Dube, Oeindrila, Ellemers, Naomi, Finkel, Eli J, Fowler, James H, Gelfand, Michele, Han, Shihui, Haslam, S Alexander, Jetten, Jolanda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Napper, Lucy E, Packer, Dominic J, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Petty, Richard E, Rand, David G, Reicher, Stephen D, Schnall, Simone, Shariff, Azim, Skitka, Linda J, Smith, Sandra Susan, Sunstein, Cass R, Tabri, Nassim, Tucker, Joshua A, Linden, Sander van der, Lange, Paul van, Weeden, Kim A, Wohl, Michael J A, Zaki, Jamil, Zion, Sean R, Willer, Robb, Bavel, Jay J Van, Baicker, Katherine, Boggio, Paulo S, Capraro, Valerio, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Cikara, Mina, Crockett, Molly J, Crum, Alia J, Douglas, Karen M, Druckman, James N, Drury, John, Dube, Oeindrila, Ellemers, Naomi, Finkel, Eli J, Fowler, James H, Gelfand, Michele, Han, Shihui, Haslam, S Alexander, Jetten, Jolanda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Napper, Lucy E, Packer, Dominic J, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Petty, Richard E, Rand, David G, Reicher, Stephen D, Schnall, Simone, Shariff, Azim, Skitka, Linda J, Smith, Sandra Susan, Sunstein, Cass R, Tabri, Nassim, Tucker, Joshua A, Linden, Sander van der, Lange, Paul van, Weeden, Kim A, Wohl, Michael J A, Zaki, Jamil, Zion, Sean R, and Willer, Robb

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive global health crisis. Because the crisis requires large-scale behaviour change and places significant psychological burdens on individuals, insights from the social and behavioural sciences can be used to help align human behaviour with the recommendations of epidemiologists and public health experts. Here we discuss evidence from a selection of research topics relevant to pandemics, including work on navigating threats, social and cultural influences on behaviour, science communication, moral decision-making, leadership, and stress and coping. In each section, we note the nature and quality of prior research, including uncertainty and unsettled issues. We identify several insights for effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight important gaps researchers should move quickly to fill in the coming weeks and months.

Published
2020

32. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response

Author

Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Bavel, Jay J Van, Baicker, Katherine, Boggio, Paulo S, Capraro, Valerio, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Cikara, Mina, Crockett, Molly J, Crum, Alia J, Douglas, Karen M, Druckman, James N, Drury, John, Dube, Oeindrila, Ellemers, Naomi, Finkel, Eli J, Fowler, James H, Gelfand, Michele, Han, Shihui, Haslam, S Alexander, Jetten, Jolanda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Napper, Lucy E, Packer, Dominic J, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Petty, Richard E, Rand, David G, Reicher, Stephen D, Schnall, Simone, Shariff, Azim, Skitka, Linda J, Smith, Sandra Susan, Sunstein, Cass R, Tabri, Nassim, Tucker, Joshua A, Linden, Sander van der, Lange, Paul van, Weeden, Kim A, Wohl, Michael J A, Zaki, Jamil, Zion, Sean R, Willer, Robb, Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Bavel, Jay J Van, Baicker, Katherine, Boggio, Paulo S, Capraro, Valerio, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Cikara, Mina, Crockett, Molly J, Crum, Alia J, Douglas, Karen M, Druckman, James N, Drury, John, Dube, Oeindrila, Ellemers, Naomi, Finkel, Eli J, Fowler, James H, Gelfand, Michele, Han, Shihui, Haslam, S Alexander, Jetten, Jolanda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Napper, Lucy E, Packer, Dominic J, Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Petty, Richard E, Rand, David G, Reicher, Stephen D, Schnall, Simone, Shariff, Azim, Skitka, Linda J, Smith, Sandra Susan, Sunstein, Cass R, Tabri, Nassim, Tucker, Joshua A, Linden, Sander van der, Lange, Paul van, Weeden, Kim A, Wohl, Michael J A, Zaki, Jamil, Zion, Sean R, and Willer, Robb

Published
2020

33. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response

Author

Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Bavel, Jay J. Van, Baicker, Katherine, Boggio, Paulo S., Capraro, Valerio, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Cikara, Mina, Crockett, Molly J., Crum, Alia J., Douglas, Karen M., Druckman, James N., Drury, John, Dube, Oeindrila, Ellemers, Naomi, Finkel, Eli J., Fowler, James H., Gelfand, Michele, Han, Shihui, Haslam, S. Alexander, Jetten, Jolanda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Napper, Lucy E., Packer, Dominic J., Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Petty, Richard E., Rand, David G., Reicher, Stephen D., Schnall, Simone, Shariff, Azim, Skitka, Linda J., Smith, Sandra Susan, Sunstein, Cass R., Tabri, Nassim, Tucker, Joshua A., Linden, Sander van der, Lange, Paul van, Weeden, Kim A., Wohl, Michael J. A., Zaki, Jamil, Zion, Sean R., Willer, Robb, Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Bavel, Jay J. Van, Baicker, Katherine, Boggio, Paulo S., Capraro, Valerio, Cichocka, Aleksandra, Cikara, Mina, Crockett, Molly J., Crum, Alia J., Douglas, Karen M., Druckman, James N., Drury, John, Dube, Oeindrila, Ellemers, Naomi, Finkel, Eli J., Fowler, James H., Gelfand, Michele, Han, Shihui, Haslam, S. Alexander, Jetten, Jolanda, Kitayama, Shinobu, Mobbs, Dean, Napper, Lucy E., Packer, Dominic J., Pennycook, Gordon, Peters, Ellen, Petty, Richard E., Rand, David G., Reicher, Stephen D., Schnall, Simone, Shariff, Azim, Skitka, Linda J., Smith, Sandra Susan, Sunstein, Cass R., Tabri, Nassim, Tucker, Joshua A., Linden, Sander van der, Lange, Paul van, Weeden, Kim A., Wohl, Michael J. A., Zaki, Jamil, Zion, Sean R., and Willer, Robb

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive global health crisis. Because the crisis requires large-scale behaviour change and places significant psychological burdens on individuals, insights from the social and behavioural sciences can be used to help align human behaviour with the recommendations of epidemiologists and public health experts. Here we discuss evidence from a selection of research topics relevant to pandemics, including work on navigating threats, social and cultural influences on behaviour, science communication, moral decision-making, leadership, and stress and coping. In each section, we note the nature and quality of prior research, including uncertainty and unsettled issues. We identify several insights for effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight important gaps researchers should move quickly to fill in the coming weeks and months.

Published
2020

36. Is there a flexiglass ceiling? Flexible work arrangements and wages in the United States

Author

Weeden, Kim A.

Subjects
Glass ceiling -- Surveys, Working women -- Compensation and benefits, Wage surveys, Social sciences
Abstract

The possible sources of an association between flexible work and wages is outlined and this association is quantified using data from 2000 and 2001 Current Population Surveys (CPS). The results contradict the notion of a 'flexiglass ceiling' in wages, but suggest that flexible work arguments do little to reduce the gender gap in pay or the motherhood wage penalty.

Published
2005

38. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response

Author

Van Bavel, Jay Joseph, primary, Baicker, Katherine, additional, Boggio, Paulo, additional, Capraro, Valerio, additional, Cichocka, Aleksandra, additional, Crockett, Molly, additional, Cikara, Mina, additional, Crum, Alia, additional, Douglas, Karen, additional, Druckman, James, additional, Drury, John, additional, Dube, Oeindrila, additional, Ellemers, Naomi, additional, Finkel, Eli, additional, Fowler, James, additional, Gelfand, Michele, additional, Han, Shihui, additional, Haslam, S. Alexander, additional, Jetten, Jolanda, additional, Kitayama, Shinobu, additional, mobbs, dean, additional, Napper, Lucy E., additional, Packer, Dominic, additional, Pennycook, Gordon, additional, Peters, Ellen, additional, Petty, Richard, additional, Rand, David Gertler, additional, Reicher, Stephen, additional, Schnall, Simone, additional, Shariff, Azim, additional, Smith, Sandra Sandra, additional, Skitka, Linda, additional, Sunstein, Cass R., additional, Tabri, Nassim, additional, Tucker, Joshua A, additional, Linden, Sander van der, additional, van Lange, Paul, additional, Weeden, Kim A, additional, Wohl, Michael Jeremy Adam, additional, zaki, jamil, additional, Zion, Sean, additional, and Willer, Robb, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
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40. Using Social and Behavioural Science to Support COVID-19 Pandemic Response

Author

Van Bavel, Jay, primary, Baicker, Katherine, additional, Boggio, Paulo, additional, Capraro, Valerio, additional, Cichocka, Aleksandra, additional, Cikara, Mina, additional, Crockett, Molly, additional, Crum, Alia, additional, Douglas, Karen, additional, Druckman, James N., additional, Drury, John, additional, Dube, Oeindrila, additional, Ellemers, Naomi, additional, Finkel, Eli, additional, Fowler, James H., additional, Gelfand, Michele Joy, additional, Han, Shihui, additional, Haslam, S. Alexander, additional, Jetten, Jolanda, additional, Kitayama, Shinobu, additional, Mobbs, Dean, additional, Napper, Lucy, additional, Packer, Dominic, additional, Pennycook, Gordon, additional, Peters, Ellen, additional, Petty, Richard, additional, Rand, David G., additional, Reicher, Steve, additional, Schnall, Simone, additional, Shariff, Azim, additional, Skitka, Linda J., additional, Smith, Sandra Susan, additional, Sunstein, Cass R., additional, Tabri, Nassim, additional, Tucker, Joshua Aaron, additional, van der Linden, Sander, additional, van Lange, Paul A. M., additional, Weeden, Kim, additional, Wohl, Michael, additional, Zaki, Jamil, additional, Zion, Sean, additional, and Willer, Robb, additional

Published
2020
Full Text
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50. Persistent educational advantage across three generations: Empirical evidence for Germany

Author

Sørensen, Jesper, Weeden, Kim, Ziefle, Andrea, Sørensen, Jesper, Weeden, Kim, and Ziefle, Andrea

Abstract

This article uses survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) to analyze the persistence of educational attainment across three generations in Germany. I obtain evidence of a robust effect of grandparents’ education on respondents’ own educational attainment in West Germany, net of parental class, education, occupational status, family income, parents’ relationship history, and family size. I also test whether the grandparent effect results from resource compensation or cumulative advantage and find empirical support for both mechanisms. In comparison, the intergenerational association between grandparents’ and respondents’ education is considerably weaker in East Germany and is also mediated completely by parental education. There are hardly any gender differences in the role of grandparents for respondents’ educational attainment, except for the fact that resource compensation is found to be exclusively relevant for women’s attainment in both West Germany and in East Germany after German reunification and the associated transition to an open educational system.

Published
2016

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