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This paper aims to set out the current state of the law on the duties and responsibilities of party wall surveyors, in the context of historic and recent case law, with a particular focus on Welter v McKeeve (2018) and Walsh v PSB Management & others (2022), and based on that to give the reader a practical guide to dealing with the difficulties of being instructed by one party but having duties to that party jointly with others. It identifies a trend in case law on party wall surveyors' duties of having particular regard to the rights and interests of the adjoining owner and notes a potential inconsistency with the client-facing duties owed by party wall surveyors appointed by building owners. It discusses the extent to which, and manner in which, party wall surveyors should include their appointing owners in their investigation and decision-making process. It concludes that these might best be resolved by acting as impartially as possible commensurate with the surveyor's duties to their appointing owner, keeping the parties reasonably informed, but at all times retaining control over the decision-making process. The law is stated as at February 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses the COVID-19 pandemic to demonstrate how our understanding of ethnic inequalities could be improved by greater use of algorithms that infer ethnic heritage from people's names. It starts from two inter-connected propositions: the effectiveness of many public sector programs is hampered by inadequate information on how differently different ethnic groups behave, and anxiety over how to discuss matters to do with race inhibits proper evaluation of methodologies which would address this problem. This article highlights four mindsets which could benefit from challenge: the officially sanctioned categories by which ethnic data are tabulated are too crude to capture the subtler differences which are required for effective communications; while self-identification should continue to drive one-to-one communications, it should not preclude the use of more appropriate methods of recording ethnic heritage when analyzing data for population groups; public servants often fail to recognize the limitations of directional measures such as the Index of Multiple Deprivation as against "natural" classifications such as Mosaic and Acorn; and in their quest for predictive accuracy statisticians often overlook the benefit of the variables they use being "actionable," defining population groups that are easy to reach whether geographically or using one-to-one communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we investigate whether the distance between school and the pupil's home is related to social background in a six borough area of East London. Also investigated is the extent to which schools in the area perform in line with expectations on the basis of the social composition of their intake. The research involves analysis of the Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC) to which geodemographic codes supplied by Experian have been attached. We demonstrate that the six schools in the area which achieved the highest average points score at GCSE recruit pupils widely from within the area (and to a lesser extent outside), whilst the lowest performing six schools recruit from much more narrowly defined catchment areas. In terms of school performance, we show that whilst we might expect schools to perform better as they become more distant from inner East London and nearer to the M25, this is not necessarily the case. In our conclusions we argue that these data support the claims made on the basis of ethnographic data about the class nature of school selection and parental choice. (Contains 6 tables, 8 figures, and 4 notes.)

Any research survey is likely to apply some set of rules in order to classify respondents according to age, gender, social class, ethnicity, disability, and so on. But the rules governing how people are categorized may be less consistent than we suppose. In respect of gender and ethnicity, there is an unspoken assumption that the researcher should accept unquestioningly the category with which the data subject self-identifies. But in respect of social class, an equally important aspect of identity, respondents are content to have categories applied externally, for example, on the basis of their occupation. The article argues that rather than seeking to achieve a supposedly “correct” classification for each data subject, it might be better to apply at least two categorizations, one reflecting a person’s own self-identification, the other on how they are socially perceived. These different forms of identification are relevant to different types of research application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge and understanding of transmission dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been improved by development of rapid molecular techniques that are being more extensively applied (1-3). Globally, application of molecular techniques [...]

To purchase or authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00522.x Byline: Paul A. Longley (*), Richard Webber ([dagger]), Daryl Lloyd ([double dagger]) Keywords: family names; migration; neighborhood profiling Abstract: This article describes the way in which a unique new quantitative data resource and evidence base has been used to relate historic measures of U.K. migration flows to the contemporary socioeconomic patterning of neighborhoods. The resource enables generalized analysis of the regional origins of British and Irish people from their family names, and makes it possible to relate the current regional distribution of names in the United States, Great Britain, and other English-speaking countries to equivalent information from the Great Britain Census of 1881. Illustrative applications may be viewed at http://www.spatial-literacy.org. In this article we develop a number of indices of the historic origins of English and Irish family names, as a prelude to detailed microscale analysis of late twentieth century surname patterns. We illustrate the usefulness of these various indices through case study analysis of Middlesbrough and East Cleveland, an area of the United Kingdom that attracted large numbers of economic migrants during its rapid nineteenth century industrialization. We use our quantitative evidence of the historical distributions of different family names in order to characterize the social mobility of descendants of Scottish, Irish, and Cornish migrants, and to evaluate the practice of ascribing family names to particular localities in historical GIS. The case study thus illustrates the ways in which our data resource may be used to substantiate existing thinking about historic migration and residential structure, as well as to generate and investigate new hypotheses that might guide future work. Author Affiliation: (*)Department of Geography, University College London ([dagger])Visiting Professor, Department of Geography, University College London ([double dagger])Cabinet Office, United Kingdom Article History: Initial submission, June 2005; revised submissions, December 2006; final acceptance, January 2006 Article note: Correspondence: Department of Geography, University College London, Pearson Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, e-mail: plongley@geog.ucl.ac.uk (Longley), richardwebber@blueyonder.co.uk (Webber); Cabinet Office, 70 Whitehall, London SW1A 2AS, United Kingdom, e-mail: daryl.lloyd@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk (Lloyd).

The effects of product's national identity on migrant consumers' preferences are presented.