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136 results on '"Webb Girard, Amy"'

4. Effect of Delays in Maternal Access to Healthcare on Neonatal Mortality in Sierra Leone: A Social Autopsy Case-Control Study at a Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Site

Author

Preslar, Jessica P., Worrell, Mary Claire, Kaiser, Reinhard, Cain, Carrie Jo, Samura, Solomon, Jambai, Amara, Raghunathan, Pratima L., Clarke, Kevin, Goodman, David, Christiansen-Lindquist, Lauren, Webb-Girard, Amy, Kramer, Michael, and Breiman, Robert

Subjects
Medical care -- Utilization, Infants -- Patient outcomes, Maternal health services -- Statistics, Autopsy -- Usage, Pediatric research, Health care industry
Abstract

Introduction In low-resource settings, a social autopsy tool has been proposed to measure the effect of delays in access to healthcare on deaths, complementing verbal autopsy questionnaires routinely used to determine cause of death. This study estimates the contribution of various delays in maternal healthcare to subsequent neonatal mortality using a social autopsy case-control design. Methods This study was conducted at the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) Sierra Leone site (Makeni City and surrounding rural areas). Cases were neonatal deaths in the catchment area, and controls were sex- and area-matched living neonates. Odds ratios for maternal barriers to care and neonatal death were estimated, and stratified models examined this association by neonatal age and medical complications. Results Of 53 neonatal deaths, 26.4% of mothers experienced at least one delay during pregnancy or delivery compared to 46.9% of mothers of stillbirths and 18.6% of control mothers. The most commonly reported delay among neonatal deaths was receiving care at the facility (18.9%). Experiencing any barrier was weakly associated (OR 1.68, CI 0.77, 3.67) and a delay in receiving care at the facility was strongly associated (OR 19.15, CI 3.90, 94.19) with neonatal death. Discussion Delays in healthcare are associated with neonatal death, particularly delays experienced at the healthcare facility. Heterogeneity exists in the prevalence of specific delays, which has implications for local public health policy. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., Author(s): Jessica P. Preslar [sup.1] , Mary Claire Worrell [sup.2] , Reinhard Kaiser [sup.3] , Carrie Jo Cain [sup.4] , Solomon Samura [sup.4] , Amara Jambai [sup.5] , Pratima L. [...]

Published
2021
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6. Food Systems Interventions for Nutrition: Lessons from 6 Program Evaluations in Africa and South Asia

Author

Neufeld, Lynnette M, Nordhagen, Stella, Leroy, Jef L, Aberman, Noora-Lisa, Barnett, Inka, Djimeu Wouabe, Eric, Webb Girard, Amy, Gonzalez, Wendy, Levin, Carol E, Mbuya, Mduduzi NN, Nakasone, Eduardo, Nyhus Dhillon, Christina, Prescott, Dave, Smith, Matt, and Tschirley, David

Abstract

Although there is growing global momentum behind food systems strategies to improve planetary and human health—including nutrition—there is limited evidence of what types of food systems interventions work. Evaluating these types of interventions is challenging due to their complex and dynamic nature and lack of fit with standard evaluation methods. In this article, we draw on a portfolio of 6 evaluations of food systems interventions in Africa and South Asia that were intended to improve nutrition. We identify key methodological challenges and formulate recommendations to improve the quality of such studies. We highlight 5 challenges: a lack of evidence base to justify the intervention, the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the interventions, addressing attribution, collecting or accessing accurate and timely data, and defining and measuring appropriate outcomes. In addition to more specific guidance, we identify 6 cross-cutting recommendations, including a need to use multiple and diverse methods and flexible designs. We also note that these evaluation challenges present opportunities to develop new methods and highlight several specific needs in this space.

Published
2024
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15. Additional file 1 of Determinants of food preparation and hygiene practices among caregivers of children under two in Western Kenya: a formative research study

Author

Ogutu, Emily A., Ellis, Anna, Rodriguez, Katie C., Caruso, Bethany A., McClintic, Emilie E., Ventura, Sandra Gómez, Arriola, Kimberly R. J., Kowalski, Alysse J., Linabarger, Molly, Wodnik, Breanna K., Webb-Girard, Amy, Muga, Richard, and Freeman, Matthew C.

Abstract

Additional file 1.

Published
2022
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16. Additional file 2 of Determinants of food preparation and hygiene practices among caregivers of children under two in Western Kenya: a formative research study

Author

Ogutu, Emily A., Ellis, Anna, Rodriguez, Katie C., Caruso, Bethany A., McClintic, Emilie E., Ventura, Sandra Gómez, Arriola, Kimberly R. J., Kowalski, Alysse J., Linabarger, Molly, Wodnik, Breanna K., Webb-Girard, Amy, Muga, Richard, and Freeman, Matthew C.

Abstract

Additional file 2.

Published
2022
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18. Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via fomite, even in cold-chain

Author

Sobolik, Julia S., primary, Sajewski, Elizabeth T., additional, Jaykus, Lee-Ann, additional, Cooper, D. Kane, additional, Lopman, Ben A., additional, Kraay, Alicia NM., additional, Ryan, P. Barry, additional, Guest, Jodie L., additional, Webb-Girard, Amy, additional, and Leon, Juan S., additional

Published
2021
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21. Making programmes worth their salt: Assessing the context, fidelity and outcomes of implementation of the double fortified salt programme in Uttar Pradesh, India.

Author

Cyriac, Shruthi, Webb Girard, Amy, Ramakrishnan, Usha, Mannar, M. G. Venkatesh, Khurana, Kriti, Rawat, Rahul, Neufeld, Lynnette M., Martorell, Reynaldo, and Mbuya, Mduduzi N. N.

Subjects
*IRON deficiency anemia prevention, *SALT, *EVALUATION of human services programs, *ENRICHED foods, *CHILDBEARING age, *HUMAN services programs, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *THEMATIC analysis, *DATA analysis software, *WOMEN'S health
Abstract

Double fortified salt (DFS) has proven efficacy in addressing iron deficiency and anaemia, thus improving maternal and child nutrition outcomes. However, DFS delivery in large‐scale settings is less understood, with limited documentation of its fidelity of implementation (FOI). We assessed the FOI of the DFS intervention in Uttar Pradesh, India, to improve the design and implementation of such programmes that aim to reduce the anaemia burden, especially in women of reproductive age (WRA). We conducted in‐depth interviews with DFS programme staff (n = 25) and end‐user WRAs (23), guided by a programme impact pathway. We transcribed and thematically analysed the interviews and used an adapted analytic framework to document FOI across four domains—objects of intervention, implementation staff, implementation context and target of implementation. DFS utilisation remained low due to a combination of factors including poor product quality, distribution challenges, ineffective promotion and low awareness amongst end‐user WRAs. Motivation levels were higher amongst district‐level staff compared to frontline staff, who lacked supervisory support and effective incentives to promote DFS. Three typologies of DFS users emerged—'believers', 'thrifters' and 'naysayers'—who indicated differing reasons for DFS purchase and its use or nonuse. The implementation of the DFS programme varied significantly from its theorised programme impact pathway. The adapted analytic framework helped document FOI and assess the programme's readiness for impact assessments and subsequent scale‐up. The programme needs product quality improvements, incentivised distribution and stronger promotion to effectively deliver and improve the realisation of its potential as an anaemia prevention strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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22. Practices and Perspectives on Latrine Use, Child Feces Disposal, and Clean Play Environments in Western Kenya

Author

Ellis, Anna, primary, McClintic, Emilie E., additional, Awino, Emily O., additional, Caruso, Bethany A., additional, Arriola, Kimberly R. J., additional, Ventura, Sandra Gomez, additional, Kowalski, Alysse J., additional, Linabarger, Molly, additional, Wodnik, Breanna K., additional, Webb-Girard, Amy, additional, Muga, Richard, additional, and Freeman, Matthew C., additional

Published
2020
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23. A Cross-Sectional Survey in Rural Bihar, India, Indicates That Nutritional Status, Diet, and Stimulation Are Associated with Motor and Mental Development in Young Children

Author

Larson, Leila M, Young, Melissa F, Ramakrishnan, Usha, Webb Girard, Amy, Verma, Pankaj, Chaudhuri, Indrajit, Srikantiah, Sridhar, and Martorell, Reynaldo

Subjects
child development, Male, dietary diversity, Age Factors, mental, India, Infant, Nutritional Status, Psychosocial Deprivation, malnutrition, Feeding Behavior, Social Environment, motor, Diet, Community and International Nutrition, nutrition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Motor Skills, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Female, Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Abstract

Background: Many malnourished children in resource-poor settings fail to fulfill their developmental potential. Objective: The objectives of this analysis were to examine the nutritional, psychosocial, environmental, and household correlates of child development in Bihar, India, and identify mediators between dietary diversity and mental development. Methods: Using 2-stage cluster randomized sampling, we surveyed 4360 households with children 6–18 mo of age in the West Champaran district of Bihar. We measured motor and mental development with the use of the Developmental Milestones Checklist II. In a random subsample (n = 2838), we measured anthropometric characteristics and hemoglobin. Cluster-adjusted multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the associations between nutrition indicators and development scores. Sobel’s test was used to assess significant mediators in the association between diet diversity and development scores. Analyses were stratified by children 6–11 and 12–18 mo of age. Results: In all children, length-for-age z score (LAZ), dietary diversity, and psychosocial stimulation were significant (P < 0.05) correlates of motor development scores [(β coefficient ± SE) in children 6–11 mo: LAZ = 0.46 ± 0.08, dietary diversity = 0.43 ± 0.09, and stimulation = 0.15 ± 0.04; in children 12–18 mo: LAZ = 0.73 ± 0.07, dietary diversity = 0.30 ± 0.09, and stimulation = 0.31 ± 0.05] and mental development scores [(β coefficient ± SE) in children 6–11 mo: LAZ = 0.57 ± 0.10, dietary diversity = 0.84 ± 0.13, and stimulation = 0.54 ± 0.07; in children 12–18 mo: LAZ = 0.54 ± 0.11, dietary diversity = 0.40 ± 0.16, and stimulation = 0.62 ± 0.09]. Stimulation, gross motor development, and fine motor development were significant mediators in the relation between dietary diversity and mental development. Conclusion: Strategies to improve dietary diversity and psychosocial stimulation could have important implications for child development of young North Indian children. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02593136.

Published
2017

33. Food Environments, Food Security, and Household Food Availability of Circular Migrant Families: A Mixed-Methods Study Among Brick Kiln Laborers in Bihar, India

Author

Roshania, Reshma P., Webb-Girard, Amy, Das, Aritra, Giri, Rakesh, Mala, G. Sai, Srikantiah, Sridhar, Young, Melissa F., Mahapatra, Tanmay, and Ramakrishnan, Usha

Abstract

Background: Circular migration is the dominant pattern of movement in India and is a livelihood strategy used by many food insecure rural households. Repeated shifts in food environments have important implications on household food security and dietary patterns but have not been studied.Objective: To explore differences in the food environment, food security, and food availability between home and destination spaces.Methods: Mixed-methods research was conducted among circular migrant families working and residing on brick kilns in the state of Bihar. Utilizing stratified cluster sampling, 2 rounds of cross-sectional data were collected from 2564 families. Additionally, 25 in-depth interviews were conducted with circular migrant parents, kiln owners, and labor contractors. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale was validated for use in our study population. Bivariate analyses were conducted to estimate the association of food insecurity with sociodemographic variables. Qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive thematic methods.Results: Seventy percent of respondents utilized at least one nonmarket source of food at the origin; at the destination, sources of food were limited to the private market. Despite higher food prices at the destination, perceived food affordability was higher during periods of migration, resulting in improved food security. Tubers, rice, and wheat were typically available in the household daily, whereas fruits, eggs, and dairy were typically unavailable during the week.Conclusions: Circular migration can enable short-term food security by improving food affordability. Policy frameworks must address the root causes of chronic food insecurity, especially among rural-to-rural circular migrant families.

Published
2024
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37. Attitudes and behaviors of food pantry directors and perceived needs and wants of food pantry clients.

Author

Cahill, Caroline R., Webb Girard, Amy, and Giddens, Janice

Subjects
FOOD banks, FOOD security, FOOD relief
Abstract

Atlanta Community Food Bank (ACFB) recently adopted the Choose Healthy Options Program (CHOP). CHOP uses a simple algorithm that designates a 1 (choose frequently), 2 (moderately), or 3 (infrequently) to foods based on nutrient profiles. Food orders of 402 partner agencies (PAs) in Atlanta and northwest Georgia were analyzed for the 6 weeks prior to and following CHOP implementation. Additionally, 9 PAs participated in in-depth interviews to explain purchasing motivations, impact of CHOP, client feedback mechanisms, and perceptions of clients' needs. Agencies increased their pounds of CHOP 1 foods by nearly 43% during the study period. PAs indicated that CHOP was useful for deciding between food items of the same food category that had differing CHOP rankings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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