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Prepared for: Navy Warfare Development Command, This report was prepared for: Navy Warfare Development Command and funded by Navy Warfare Development Command., Final Reconstruction and Analysis Report, documents analyses and results, with appendices from Fleet Battle Experiment Juliet (conducted July and August 2002).

The Area Security Operations Command and Control system is being tested for Homeland Security applications through an ACTD. A multi-agency, nation-wide, demonstration of the system has been conducted. This report presents an evaluation of the system for Naval Criminal Investigative Service use using results from the demonstration., NA

Contributing Authors: Wayne "Doc" Sweitzer: Provided significant material used directly in the Reconstruction Section of this report. Rich Kimmel: Provided the section on JFACC processes. Nelson Irvine and Sue Hutchins: Provided editing and material for this report, Fleet Battle Experiment was conducted during Seventh Fleet exercise Tandem Thrust 03. During the Command Post Exercise phase, testing of Time Sensitive Targets processes using the Joint Fires Network was carried out. This report covers training and use of the TES-N portion of the Joint Fires Network., Prepared for: Navy Warfare Development Command

The pressure amplitude and phase distribution along the interface between a tapered fluid layer and an underlying fast fluid bottom were investigated theoretically. Two computer models, both based on the method of images, were designed: WEDGE I assumes that the source is at a finite distance from the apex of the wedge, and WEDGE 2 assumes an infinite distance. The pressure amplitude along the interface rapidly falls off for distances closer to the apex than the distance at which adiabatic mode theory predicts cutoff for the lowest mode. Ths distance is termed the dump distance. The results of the two programs agree whenever the source is several dump distances from the apex. The predictions of these programs will be used as input for a further program that will use the Green's function approach to predict the acoustic pressure field in the lower medium.

This report was prepared by Systems Engineering and Analysis Cohort Nine (SEA-9) Maritime Threat Response, (MTR) team members., Background: The 2006 Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) Cross-Campus Integrated Study, titled “Maritime Threat Response” involved the combined effort of 7 NPS Systems Engineering students, 7 Singaporean Temasek Defense Systems Institute (TDSI) students, 12 students from the Total Ship Systems Engineering (TSSE) curriculum, and numerous NPS faculty members from different NPS departments. After receiving tasking provided by the Wayne E. Meyer Institute of Systems Engineering at NPS in support of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense, the study examined ways to validate intelligence and respond to maritime terrorist attacks against United States coastal harbors and ports. Through assessment of likely harbors and waterways to base the study upon, the San Francisco Bay was selected as a representative test-bed for the integrated study. The NPS Systems Engineering and Analysis Cohort 9 (SEA-9) Maritime Threat Response (MTR) team, in conjunction with the TDSI students, used the Systems Engineering Lifecycle Process (SELP) [shown in Figure ES-1, p. xxiii ] as a systems engineering framework to conduct the multi-disciplinary study. While not actually fabricating any hardware, such a process was well-suited for tailoring to the team’s research efforts and project focus. The SELP was an iterative process used to bound and scope the MTR problem, determine needs, requirements, functions, and to design architecture alternatives to satisfy stakeholder needs and desires. The SoS approach taken [shown in Figure ES-2, p. xxiv ]enabled the team to apply a systematic approach to problem definition, needs analysis, requirements, analysis, functional analysis, and then architecture development and assessment., In the twenty-first century, the threat of asymmetric warfare in the form of terrorism is one of the most likely direct threats to the United States homeland. It has been recognized that perhaps the key element in protecting the continental United States from terrorist threats is obtaining intelligence of impending attacks in advance. Enormous amounts of resources are currently allocated to obtaining and parsing such intelligence. However, it remains a difficult problem to deal with such attacks once intelligence is obtained. In this context, the Maritime Threat Response Project has applied Systems Engineering processes to propose different cost-effective System of Systems (SoS) architecture solutions to surface-based terrorist threats emanating from the maritime domain. The project applied a five-year time horizon to provide near-term solutions to the prospective decision makers and take maximum advantage of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions and emphasize new Concepts of Operations (CONOPS) for existing systems. Results provided insight into requirements for interagency interactions in support of Maritime Security and demonstrated the criticality of timely and accurate intelligence in support of counterterror operations., This report was prepared for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Throughout the millennia materials have always played a most important role in answering societal and national challenges and ambitions and defi ning their future. Advances in civilization have been associated with the discovery, development, and deployment of new materials, such as the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, the Iron Age, and so on. The role of materials has been crucial not only in societal evolution, progress, and living standards, but also sometimes materials play in an intrinsic role in ensuring survival. Nanomaterials are now beginning to play an important role in answering some of our current global challenges. Among these, the challenges presented by energy and environment have considerable urgency.

Global energy demand is growing at an alarming and unsustainable rate, drawing mainly on the use of fossil fuels. These reserves are decreasing rapidly and becoming increasingly expensive. The associated emissions of greenhouse gases and other toxic pollutants are becoming environmentally unacceptable. Energy security has become a major issue as fossil fuels are confi ned to few areas in the world and their availability is controlled by political, economic, and ecological factors. A global coherent energy strategy that encompasses the entire energy life cycle is required in order to address all the forms of energy harvesting, storage, conversion, transmission, and distribution. Hybrid nanomaterial systems hold the key to fundamental advances in direct renewable energy and energy storage and conversion which are needed to enable renewable energy and meet the general energy challenges and associated environmental effects. This paper presents new approaches and methodologies used to design and develop carbon nanotube nanostructured hybrid nanomaterial systems incorporating structural and light-absorbing electron donor polymers, inorganic semiconductors, metallic and ceramic nanoparticles as energy harvesting and storage systems.

Operational experimentation often focuses on a set of technical objectives. Results obtained apply to a wide range of military capability areas and it is important to report those results to all areas to which they apply. The work reported here has produced a structure and schema for mapping operational experiment results to JCIDS and other capability areas. This enables reporting to areas of interest other than only to the specific experiment objectives.

We consider a scenario in which a single Red wishes to shoot at a collection of Blue targets, one at a time, to maximise some measure of return obtained from Blues killed before Red's own (possible) demise. Such a situation arises in various military contexts such as the conduct of air defence by Red in the face of Blue SEAD (suppression of enemy air defences). A class of decision processes called multi-armed bandits has been previously deployed to develop optimal policies for Red in which she attaches a calibrating (Gittins) index to each Blue target and optimally shoots next at the Blue with largest index value. The current paper seeks to elucidate how a range of developments of index theory are able to accommodate features of such problems which are of practical military import. Such features include levels of risk to Red which are policy dependent, Red having imperfect information about the Blues she faces, an evolving population of Blue targets and the possibility of Red disengagement. The paper concludes with a numerical study which both compares the performance of (optimal) index policies to a range of competitors and also demonstrates the value to Red of (optimal) disengagement.

A maritime domain or region contains a number w of nonhostile W (White) vessels of interest. Hostile R (Red) vessels enter the domain. The Rs are traveling through the domain toward targets. Overhead, friendly (Blue) sensors (S) patrol the domain and classify (perhaps incorrectly) detected vessels of interest as R or W. The misclassification of a W as an R is a false positive. An overhead sensor follows (or tracks) any vessel it classifies as R until it is relieved by another platform, perhaps a destroyer pair (DD). The overhead sensor is here assumed unable to detect and classify additional vessels while it is following a suspicious vessel; this may well be a somewhat pessimistic assumption, very possibly richer possibilities based on additional assets (such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)) are available, but loss of track may occur as well as misclassification. Deterministic and stochastic models are formulated and studied to evaluate the probability that Rs are successfully neutralized before reaching their destination. The model results quantify the effect of the resources and time needed to prosecute misclassified Ws (false positives) on the probability of successfully neutralizing R. The results indicate that the probability of neutralizing an R vessel is very sensitive to the false positive rate. Technologies, processes, and procedures that can decrease the false positive rate will increase the effectiveness of the Maritime Intercept Operation (MIO).-- p. iii.

In the twenty-first century, the threat of asymmetric warfare in the form of terrorism is one of the most likely direct threats to the United States homeland. It has been recognized that perhaps the key element in protecting the continental United States from terrorist threats is obtaining intelligence of impending attacks in advance. Enormous amounts of resources are currently allocated to obtaining and parsing such intelligence. However, it remains a difficult problem to deal with such attacks once intelligence is obtained. In this context, the Maritime Threat Response Project has applied Systems Engineering processes to propose different cost-effective System of Systems (SoS) architecture solutions to surface-based terrorist threats emanating from the maritime domain. The project applied a five-year time horizon to provide near-term solutions to the prospective decision makers and take maximum advantage of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions and emphasize new Concepts of Operations (CONOPS) for existing systems. Results provided insight into requirements for interagency interactions in support of Maritime Security and demonstrated the criticality of timely and accurate intelligence in support of counterterror operations.

Navy repair activities are social and political as well as financial and technical systems. As systems, their architecture has a controlling effect on their behavior. One factor that works throughout the architecture is the particular funding scheme and the rules, both written and cultural, that any particular scheme brings with it. This paper examines the interaction of funding scheme, as a rules-based force, with the changing architectures of Navy repair activities to try to determine the effect of the funding scheme on the performance of that architecture. It shows that changes to the architecture of the ship maintenance system in the Northwest region have worked together with a conversion of the funding scheme to Mission Funding to improve the decisions that are made within that architecture.

The Surface Combat Systems Center (SCSC), Wallops Island, Virginia is a combination of personnel, geography, airspace, and technology located on a barrier island off Virginia's Eastern Shore. First opened in 1985 as a US Navy, AEGIS Land-Based Test Site (LBTS), SCSC has grown to include the Ship Self Defense (SSD), and DD(X) combat system facilities to the site. SCSC is chartered to support computer program development, life cycle and in-service engineering, team training, and research, development, test, and evaluation services while adapting to evolution of US Naval combatants and emerging requirements. The purpose of this document is to present an analysis of existing US Navy shipboard and land-based organization business practices and apply them to the existing SCSC command organization. The objective is to combine US Navy transformation concepts and SCSC planning concepts to provide the documentation needed to support the development of new strategic business plans for the command. The goal is to provide a long-term strategy to transform SCSC into the US Navy's East Coast Weapons Range Facility or otherwise named, the Wallops Island Test and Evaluation Range Facility (WITERF), while maintaining its synergy as a LBTS for research, development, testing and evaluation of naval combat systems.

We present a description and initial results of a computer code that coevolves fuzzy logic rules to play a two-sided, zero-sum competitive game. It is based on the TEMPO Military Planning Game that has been used to teach resource allocation to over 20,000 students over the past 40 years. No feasible algorithm for optimal play is known. The coevolved rules, when pitted against human players, usually win the first few competitions. For reasons not yet understood, the evolved rules (found in a symmetrical competition) place little value on information concerning the play of the opponent.

The United States Navy Submarine Hydrodynamic/Hydroacoustic community is a decentralized, multiorganizational, geographically distributed enterprise. Strategic planning and management, whether formal or ad hoc, is necessary for effective functioning of any organization. However, formal strategic planning is particularly difficult in multi-organizational, geographically diverse enterprises. Enterprise-wide performance measurement and a shared understanding of enterprise performance is necessary to devise compelling and effective strategies. During the Cold War, the U.S. Navy submarine force had a clear mission and compelling goals, with resulting clarity on performance metrics. The Submarine Hydrodynamic/Hydroacoustic workforce was focused on helping the submarine force achieve these goals. In the post-Cold War era, the submarine force mission in the integrated battle space is less defined. The percentage of the military budget that can be spent on discretionary spending is decreasing. The Submarine Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustic community has been directly impacted by the recent lack of focus and budget reductions. The purpose of this thesis is to research the past processes used to perform strategic planning for the Submarine Hydrodynamic/Hydroacoustic community, identify current strategic issues for the community, and document strategic lessons learned that can be identified through the evaluation of product successes and failures.

Test and evaluation of system performance has been a critical part of the acceptance of combat weapon systems for the Department of Defense. As combat weapon systems have become more complex, evaluation of system performance has relied more heavily on recorded test data. As part of the on-going transformation of the Defense department, Commercial-Off- The-Shelf (COTS) technology is being integrated into the acquisition of combat weapon systems. An Analysis Control Board (ACB) was created in response to these factors to support the AEGIS Weapon System Program Office. The focus of this ACB was to investigate and provide potential solutions to Data Dictionary, Data Recording and Data Reduction (R2D2) issues to the AEGIS Program Manager. This thesis discusses the history of the R2D2 ACB and its past, present and future directions. Additionally, this thesis examines how the R2D2 ACB concept could be applied to the DD(X) Next Generation Destroyer program.

The ability to transition technology developments to operational systems is of great importance to the Department of the Navy (DoN). One way to achieve increased transitions is to operate more efficiently - more "like a business." Over the years significant programmatic and policy changes have been introduced in the DoN. One of these changes was the initiation of a new science and technology (S & T) transition process for delivering new capabilities in a more focused manner -- the Future Naval Capability (FNC) process. This thesis examines the FNC technology transition process from a business process perspective. A number of common business parameters are researched and used for comparison to the FNC Process. The goals and objectives of the FNC Process are documented and feedback is obtained from the stakeholder community. Although the FNC Process is new, and remains a work-in-progress, the results of this thesis reveal frustration and concern from all stakeholder communities regarding continued difficulties with the process for delivering new capabilities to the warfighter. In comparing FNC Process parameters to those in the commercial sector this research identifies areas where the FNC operations differ from the private sector. In those areas where useful comparisons can be made the FNC metrics fall short. To realize the increased transitions desired, fundamental changes are still needed.

We present a description and initial results of a computer code that coevolves Fuzzy Logic rules to play a two-sided zero-sum competitive game. It is based on the TEMPO Military Planning Game that has been used to teach resource allocation to over 20,000 students over the past 40 years. No feasible algorithm for optimal play is known. The coevolved rules, when pitted against human players, usually win the first few competitions. For reasons not yet understood, the evolved rules (found in a symmetrical competition) place little value an information concerning the play of the opponent but rather focus on exploiting the available weapon systems.

We present a description and initial results of a computer code that coevolves Fuzzy Logic rules to play a two-sided zero-sum competitive game. It is based on the TEMPO Military Planning Game that has been used to teach resource allocation to over 20,000 students over the past 40 years. No feasible algorithm for optimal play is known. The coevolved rules, when pitted against human players, usually win the first few competitions. For reasons not yet understood, the evolved rules (found in a symmetrical competition) place little value on information concerning the play of the opponent.

Area Security Command and Control System capabilities to meet Multi-Threat Alert Center current and future requirements

The Area Security Operations Command and Control system is being tested for Homeland Security applications through an ACTD. A multi-agency, nation-wide, demonstration of the system has been conducted. This report presents an evaluation of the system for Naval Criminal Investigative Service use using results from the demonstration.

Fleet Battle Experiment was conducted during Seventh Fleet exercise Tandem Thrust 03. During the Command Post Exercise phase, testing of Time Sensitive Targets processes using the Joint Fires Network was carried out. This report covers training and use of the TES-N portion of the Joint Fires Network.

Brief for Chief of Naval Operations - To provide a glimpse, in a few minutes, of our results, to hint at methodology used and to demonstrate the value of such student/faculty studies for educational and "real world" purposes.

Navy repair activities are social and political as well as financial and technical systems. As systems, their architecture has a controlling effect on their behavior. One factor that works throughout the architecture is the particular funding scheme and the rules, both written and cultural, that any particular scheme brings with it. This paper examines the interaction of funding scheme, as a rules-based force, with the changing architectures of Navy repair activities to try to determine the effect of the funding scheme on the performance of that architecture. It shows that changes to the architecture of the ship maintenance system in the Northwest region have worked together with a conversion of the funding scheme to Mission Funding to improve the decisions that are made within that architecture., http://archive.org/details/theeffectoffundi109452282, Civilian, Department of the Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

The Surface Combat Systems Center (SCSC), Wallops Island, Virginia is a combination of personnel, geography, airspace, and technology located on a barrier island off Virginia's Eastern Shore. First opened in 1985 as a US Navy, AEGIS Land-Based Test Site (LBTS), SCSC has grown to include the Ship Self Defense (SSD), and DD(X) combat system facilities to the site. SCSC is chartered to support computer program development, life cycle and in-service engineering, team training, and research, development, test, and evaluation services while adapting to evolution of US Naval combatants and emerging requirements. The purpose of this document is to present an analysis of existing US Navy shipboard and land-based organization business practices and apply them to the existing SCSC command organization. The objective is to combine US Navy transformation concepts and SCSC planning concepts to provide the documentation needed to support the development of new strategic business plans for the command. The goal is to provide a long-term strategy to transform SCSC into the US Navy's East Coast Weapons Range Facility or otherwise named, the Wallops Island Test and Evaluation Range Facility (WITERF), while maintaining its synergy as a LBTS for research, development, testing and evaluation of naval combat systems., http://archive.org/details/planningconcepts109452328, Civilian, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

Test and evaluation of system performance has been a critical part of the acceptance of combat weapon systems for the Department of Defense. As combat weapon systems have become more complex, evaluation of system performance has relied more heavily on recorded test data. As part of the on-going transformation of the Defense department, Commercial-Off- The-Shelf (COTS) technology is being integrated into the acquisition of combat weapon systems. An Analysis Control Board (ACB) was created in response to these factors to support the AEGIS Weapon System Program Office. The focus of this ACB was to investigate and provide potential solutions to Data Dictionary, Data Recording and Data Reduction (R2D2) issues to the AEGIS Program Manager. This thesis discusses the history of the R2D2 ACB and its past, present and future directions. Additionally, this thesis examines how the R2D2 ACB concept could be applied to the DD(X) Next Generation Destroyer program., http://archive.org/details/analyzingndshari109451299, Civilian, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

The ability to transition technology developments to operational systems is of great importance to the Department of the Navy (DoN). One way to achieve increased transitions is to operate more efficiently - more "like a business." Over the years significant programmatic and policy changes have been introduced in the DoN. One of these changes was the initiation of a new science and technology (S & T) transition process for delivering new capabilities in a more focused manner -- the Future Naval Capability (FNC) process. This thesis examines the FNC technology transition process from a business process perspective. A number of common business parameters are researched and used for comparison to the FNC Process. The goals and objectives of the FNC Process are documented and feedback is obtained from the stakeholder community. Although the FNC Process is new, and remains a work-in-progress, the results of this thesis reveal frustration and concern from all stakeholder communities regarding continued difficulties with the process for delivering new capabilities to the warfighter. In comparing FNC Process parameters to those in the commercial sector this research identifies areas where the FNC operations differ from the private sector. In those areas where useful comparisons can be made the FNC metrics fall short. To realize the increased transitions desired, fundamental changes are still needed., http://archive.org/details/anexaminationofn109451215, Civilian, Naval Air Systems Command, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

The United States Navy Submarine Hydrodynamic/Hydroacoustic community is a decentralized, multiorganizational, geographically distributed enterprise. Strategic planning and management, whether formal or ad hoc, is necessary for effective functioning of any organization. However, formal strategic planning is particularly difficult in multi-organizational, geographically diverse enterprises. Enterprise-wide performance measurement and a shared understanding of enterprise performance is necessary to devise compelling and effective strategies. During the Cold War, the U.S. Navy submarine force had a clear mission and compelling goals, with resulting clarity on performance metrics. The Submarine Hydrodynamic/Hydroacoustic workforce was focused on helping the submarine force achieve these goals. In the post-Cold War era, the submarine force mission in the integrated battle space is less defined. The percentage of the military budget that can be spent on discretionary spending is decreasing. The Submarine Hydrodynamics/Hydroacoustic community has been directly impacted by the recent lack of focus and budget reductions. The purpose of this thesis is to research the past processes used to perform strategic planning for the Submarine Hydrodynamic/Hydroacoustic community, identify current strategic issues for the community, and document strategic lessons learned that can be identified through the evaluation of product successes and failures., http://archive.org/details/theusnavysubmari109451307, Civilian, United States Navy, Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

We consider a scenario in which a single Red wishes to shoot at a collection of Blue targets, one at a time, to maximise some measure of return obtained from Blues killed before Red's own (possible) demise. Such a situation arises in various military contexts such as the conduct of air defence by Red in the face of Blue SEAD (suppression of enemy air defences). A class of decision processes called multi-armed bandits has been previously deployed to develop optimal policies for Red in which she attaches a calibrating (Gittins) index to each Blue target and optimally shoots next at the Blue with largest index value. The current paper seeks to elucidate how a range of developments of index theory are able to accommodate features of such problems which are of practical military import. Such features include levels of risk to Red which are policy dependent, Red having imperfect information about the Blues she faces, an evolving population of Blue targets and the possibility of Red disengagement. The paper concludes with a numerical study which both compares the performance of (optimal) index policies to a range of competitors and also demonstrates the value to Red of (optimal) disengagement.

Area Security Command and Control System capabilities to meet Multi-Threat Alert Center current and future requirements, Naval Warfare Development Command (U.S.), http://archive.org/details/asocccapabilitie1094524395