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Although research on entrepreneurial competencies has been widely carried out in the last decades, this topic is still preliminary. Indonesian MSMEs have been severely impacted by COVID-19, with losses of up to millions. Entrepreneurial competencies are believed to be the main driver in handling this issue. Underlined by the disaster and crisis management theory, entrepreneurial competencies are expected to give a company both long-term adaptability and innovation abilities that may result in significant improvements in their business as well as the short-term coping capacity to recover from violent shocks. Thus, this study builds a novel conceptual framework that determines the influence of entrepreneurial competencies on business resilience in the Indonesian MSMEs context. Several mediator variables were also included in the conceptual model: dynamic capability and innovation ambidexterity. Through purposive sampling, a sample of 220 Indonesian MSME actors get involved in this study. PLS-SEM procedure through a two-stage approach was used to test the proposed model. The results show that entrepreneurial competencies significantly impact business resilience in Indonesian MSMEs. It was also found that dynamic capabilities and innovation ambidexterity partially mediated those relationships. From these results, this study suggests that business practitioners should become more aware of their competencies to survive in this uncertain world. In addition, the government must re-educate and ensure that all middle and lower entrepreneurs have appropriate competencies to continue to compete. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Competencies; Business Resilience; Dynamic Capability; Innovation Ambidexterity; Indonesian MSMEs

The development of the energy industry in a developing country in Asia is undergoing a transition process from oil and gas energy to electrical energy and renewable energy. Based on Government data, the share of oil and gas will decrease from the current 32% to 20% in 2050, this is in line with the increase in penetration of electrification and other energy diversification. However, the demand for oil and gas will continue to increase significantly due to the increase in population. PTM, an energy company in a developing country, one of its refineries supplied 26% of domestic fuel demand by the end of 2021. The company is facing several challenges that affect its business, especially in one of its domestic oil refineries. Domestic crude production (upstream) is predicted to decline by up to 40% in the next 10 years so to meet the need for crude as raw material for refineries, it must be met through imports. Most of the imported crude is sour crude (high Sulfur), while the existing refinery is designed to process sweet crude (low Sulfur) which is more expensive than sour crude, so it will reduce the company's profit in the future. The demand for fuel and petrochemical products in the country is currently still high, where the country still imports 40% of fuel products and 40% of petrochemical products. Besides, the company is faced with the fact that Most refineries use old technology, Lower complexity than international competitors, and Lower conversion rate results in low profit. Therefore, the company requires a business strategy to face the above business challenges in order to generate better profits and become more competitive in the future. This study aims to find the appropriate business strategy for the company. This study uses VRIO Analysis and Business Model Canvas to determine the company's internal business environment, using PESTLE and Porter's Five Forces to determine the company's external business environment. Then summarized through SWOT Analysis and using a business strategy formulation through 3 stages: Stage 1 (Input) consisting of Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix, stage 2 (Matching) consisting of SWOT Matrix and Internal-External (IE), Stage 3 (Decision) using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Finally, the result of The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) is Market Development. Market Development is the appropriate strategy for the company and was chosen as the first priority strategy, namely increase crude processing capacity & flexibility, and upgrade refinery technology. With these strategies, the company is expected to be more competitive and generate better profits in the future.

Objective - As the world began to adapt to Covid-19, the phenomenon of mass resignations emerged. Companies are competing to retain their best talents by offering flexible benefits. This paper shows how Design Thinking is used to solve user problems in creating a B2B Flex Benefit product. Methodology/Technique - The Flex Benefit that will be developed is the employee loan, which is growing in demand among Indonesians. Design Thinking is one method of developing products that meet user needs. This study's primary data collection methods were In-Depth Interviews (IDI) and moderated Usability Testing (UT). Findings – This study uses an Empathy Map, a Value Proposition Canvas, and a User Journey Map. Novelty - This paper will demonstrate how a Flex Benefit product in Indonesia can gain a competitive advantage by synthesizing user insights. Type of Paper: Empirical JEL Classification: M11, M13, M15 Keywords: Product development; design thinking; usability testing; employee loan; human-computer interaction; user persona; product design. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Sofyan, S.R; Dhewanto, W; Radiman, V. (2022). B2B Flex Benefit Product Management: A Design Thinking Approach, J. Mgt. Mkt. Review, 7(3), 176 – 184. https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2022.7.3(10)

Studies linking social entrepreneurship and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are gaining interest due to the possible impact acceleration to achieve both social and economic goals. Social entrepreneurship supports technology upgrading and innovation with the digital approach. This study proposes an updated conceptual framework that connects social entrepreneurship with SDGs, mainly targeting 8.2 in SDG 8 (achieving higher economic productivity levels through diversification, technological upgrading, and innovation, focusing on high value-added and labor-intensive sectors). However, less research addresses the focus on digital technology and SDGs. With this study, the authors contribute to filling this research gap by answering this research question: how can social innovation within social entrepreneurship using digital technology improve Sustainable Development Goals achievement? A systematic literature review of 3,214 social entrepreneurship-related journals based on the Scopus database with no publication date restriction resulted in 111 included studies. The results were then mapped into two bibliographic visualizations using VOSViewer, i.e., "social entrepreneurship" and "technology innovation in social entrepreneurship." In social entrepreneurship visualization, the technology-related keyword filter only resulted in 1 keyword, i.e., "technology transfer," which shows fewer research activities. In technology-related visualization, there are four keywords ("technology transfer," "social technology," "technology and innovation," and "technology"). Five organizational level constructs in digital social entrepreneurship were identified: sustainable entrepreneurship development, social business model design, government regulation, marketing strategy, and creative solution generation capacity. These organization behavior dimensions have been categorized to illustrate their influence on digital social entrepreneurship and SDG. Hence, this study is envisioned to provide original work in the theoretical development of bridging digital social entrepreneurship and SDGs that benefit both academicians and practitioners.

Purpose Indonesian woven craft small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have encountered several difficulties in sustaining their success in the digital era. The performance of the business is contingent upon its ability to gain competitive advantage through traditional knowledge capabilities. The purpose of this research is to study the role of traditional knowledge management processes towards competitive advantage and sustainable performance for woven craft SMEs. Design/methodology/approach This research used a quantitative approach with a survey strategy. Confirmatory research was conducted to test five hypotheses to determine the causal relationship of four variables, namely, traditional knowledge management, dynamic capabilities, competitive advantage and sustainable performance. This study used a purposive sampling strategy and gathered data from 385 respondents. The sample was selected based on predetermined criteria, including operation for more than five years and entrepreneurial activity using traditional knowledge as a resource to manage product innovation. The analytical technique used was structural equation modelling with the support of the AMOS programme. Findings The findings indicated that traditional knowledge management processes directly affect dynamic capabilities and sustainable performance. This study also found traditional knowledge management processes play a significant role in enhancing competitive advantage mediated by dynamic capabilities. However, traditional knowledge management processes have no significant effect on competitive advantage. Hence, there is a significant effect contributed by the relationship between traditional knowledge management processes and sustainable performance. Therefore, in the context of craft woven SMEs, the higher the traditional knowledge-based capabilities, the higher their sustainable performance. Originality/value The novelty shows a direct relationship between traditional knowledge management processes and sustainable performance. This study also found traditional knowledge management processes meditated by dynamic capabilities have a relationship with competitive advantage. Traditional knowledge management processes will trigger an increase in dynamic capability which is a source of business development; those conditions will increase sustainable performance. Traditional knowledge-based capability is an antecedent of sustainable performance. The benefits of this research can be used as scientific literature regarding the link between traditional knowledge management processes, competitive advantage and sustainable performance. The results of this study can also be used as a basis for empowering traditional woven craft SMEs in Indonesia.

Higher education institutions play important roles in the community. Unfortunately, measuring the accomplishment of HEIs in developing communities is challenging. Most HEI contributions to the community are merely a formality and moral obligation. This study’s identified gap is the absence of integration of community development activities into HEIs, which would boost their impact on environmental sustainability. This study intends to investigate how institutions that support entrepreneurial-oriented community development affect students’ learning and impact society. This study employs an action research approach to develop long-term actionable knowledge. This approach employed a case study from the Rural Community Development Program, a community empowerment program based on institutionalized entrepreneurship practices (formal courses in the curriculum) from ABC University (a pseudonym). The RCDP allows the HEI to interact with society through a dual simultaneous cycle which allow knowledge transfer, social value transfer, and business development with its partners. This model allows more than 100 groups of students at ABC University to be more focused in developing community. On the theoretical side, the RCDP contributes by encouraging the role of social entrepreneurship courses which provides a more significant impact through practice-based lectures while also significantly impacting rural communities’ business knowledge in developing their micro enterprises.

Villages play an essential strategic role in fostering a nation's economic development. However, the village is very vulnerable in managing local assets and human resources, which makes the optimization of the village economy not optimal. Entrepreneurship is one strategy used to strengthen village resilience. Village entrepreneurship may make the most of available opportunities and promote the independence and empowerment of village communities. The Local-owned Social Enterprise (VOSE) is a legal entity established to advance village welfare. VOSE is an example of rural entrepreneurship that can inspire the transformation of village capital so that it is more advantageous from an economic and financial standpoint. In addition to promoting the development of the village's physical infrastructure and improving the performance of the area's rural businesses, VOSE is also responsible for facilitating market and financial access in the village, bridging knowledge transfer from the university, supporting regional government policy, and embracing the social networks of the rural community. Due to their ability to transform the community's available resources into a resilient village through collective entrepreneurial endeavors, VOSE jobs are of the utmost importance.

Agile product development principles emphasize user collaboration and continuous improvement. It sometimes bothers users if they have less time, commitment and knowledge to become involved in the lengthy process of product development. Giving online feedback could be another way of contributing to product improvement. However, not all users are willing to leave reviews on online platforms. This study attempts to uncover the factors behind user feedback intention and the relationship between user roles in an agile approach. The questionnaire was completed by 113 respondents from all over Indonesia who have knowledge and experience in using digital products. The data was processed further by applying the PLS-SEM technique using the SmartPLS 3 application. The proposed model supported the positive influence of product perception on user satisfaction, and user satisfaction’s positive impact on feedback intention. Product perception is the first-order construct of attitude and perceived usefulness; meanwhile, perceived quality is influenced by product perception. This study's theoretical contribution sheds light on the relationship between user satisfaction, perception and feedback intention. Moreover, it provides practitioners practical implications towards understanding how to gather user feedback to support the initial idea in product improvement using an agile approach. Keywords: Agile product development, digital start-ups, feedback intention, product perception, user satisfaction

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of business incubation metrics based on an adaptation of the lean start-up (LS) framework on start-up survival after incubation. This study also analyzes the obstacles in implementing the LS framework as incubation metrics. Design/methodology/approach This study uses mixed methods. Quantitative research using multiple linear regression was applied to the data of 30 start-ups incubated at Bandung Techno Park for the 2014–2017 period and survival tracking data after the incubation. A qualitative approach to complete the explanatory work was conducted through in-depth interviews with 12 respondents, including start-up graduates from the incubation program, program managers and mentors. Findings This study confirms that several LS incubation metrics significantly affect start-up sustainability after incubation. In addition, this study also explains several problems in applying the LS discipline that needs attention to increase incubation success. Research limitations/implications Research was conducted only at one technology business incubator (TBI) model that focuses on digital start-ups in the emerging ecosystem. Research results can be biased in different situations and ecosystems. Practical implications The explanation of the relationship of LS-based incubation metrics to the survival of start-ups, as well as the challenges of their implementation, can be a reference for TBI management to consider and prioritize intervention strategies, thereby improving TBI’s business processes and increasing the success rate of incubated start-ups. Social implications The creation of university start-ups and spin-offs has become a key performance indicator mandatory for technology universities in Indonesia. The existence of TBI institutions in universities as channels of technology commercialization is essential. The incubator’s success in creating a new technology-based company will have a significant social impact on the surrounding environment. Originality/value Although the LS method is popular in start-up communities and among practitioners, it is rarely used in the incubation process at universities. These results can be considered for university TBIs to explore LS as an incubation management tool to increase the success rate of incubated start-ups.

The high-volume rise of digital technology is restructuring every side of the business and profoundly impacting how the business works. The concept of management and leadership are vividly changing. However, no business can avert the implications, challenges, and opportunities that originated from the digital revolution. It pushes companies to transform their setup. Against this background, many businesses are not ready to transform. The family business is not an exception. It is expected to adopt digitalization as a keenly prevalent business practice worldwide. Furthermore, its involvement in the digital economy is still essential. However, studies on digital adoption in the family business remain limited. At the same time, family businesses have unique characteristics that make them different from other forms of business in general. It is perceived that the two issues are opposing. The family business is commonly viewed with slow evolutions. On the other hand, digitalization is characterized as a rapid action. This research is a theoretical review that aims to fill the gap by exploring the state-of-the-art digital adoption literature. In addition, it develops areas for future research primarily related to family business topics. This article carried out a systematic literature review. It employed a Prisma approach on a Scopus database with all the articles written in English. The results showed that most digital adoption literature mainly focuses on two contexts: (1) general business and (2) academic institutions. Moreover, it provides geographical trends in this domain, the most cited authors, and the top journal on this topic. This study further found that very few discuss digital adoption even in the literature on the family business. Thus, many family business areas can be explored. To this end, this study provides propositions associating digital adoption with the family business areas. At the same time, it further provides several future research agendas.

PurposeSuccession timing plays a key role in the part of the succession process. While much notice has been given solely to the viewpoint of predecessor and successor, less known about the schedule during this most critical family business dealings. The purpose of this research is to assess the right time for predecessors to let go of their leadership and allow the successor to take charge of the family business. Notably, it considers how the process of interaction between predecessor and successor may encourage successor capability, succeed the family business and following implications for the succession process as well.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory comparative case study design employed in order to disclose the time by time activities around the succession process. This study presented circa 11 case studies from family businesses of the food industry. Data gathered utilizing semi-structured interviews and formal secondary data from the organizations, all of whom operate in Java, Indonesia.FindingsFindings reveal five critical outcomes. First, the results show that most of the respondents had no written succession plan and did not keep up the developmental stages, but the succession process was successful. Second, the study found a reduced age of successor even though the stages increase. Third, the respondents did not know when was the predecessor is getting busy managing the business, and some successors did not attend college as well. Fourth, the succession process of RC is the fastest and TY is the longest. Last, the succession process of the second-generation family business is faster than the third-generation.Originality/valueThis paper presents further evidence of the succession process of family businesses. It moves beyond a timing explanation of succession to develop a more sequentially aware understanding of the agility within the succession process. It contributes to the limited references of the family business in the food industry in Indonesia as well.

This qualitative research aims to explore the challenges faced by rural youth entrepreneurs in conducting digital marketing. Digital marketing activities carried out by them are still limited in social media and e-commerce applications. The challenges are fraud, internet infrastructure, delivery services, the development of digital technology adaptation and work-life balance.

Rural entrepreneurship development is one of the strategies for encouraging the acceleration of rural development by focusing on the exploration of local resources. The role of rural entrepreneurship is crucial in creating new economic activities that can help to reduce unemployment and poverty, especially in rural areas. One of the Indonesian government's programs for encouraging rural entrepreneurship is establishing BUMDes - a village-owned enterprise. This study aims to propose a participatory rural development model to optimize stakeholder collaboration in promoting local economic growth in rural areas. This study uses a qualitative method with a multi-case study approach. There are three BUMDes from three regencies in West Java, Indonesia participated in this research. Triangulation used to check the validity of the data by comparing the results of interviews, FGD's, observations and secondary data. The results of the study found three sustainability dimensions to measure the success of BUMDes performance such as economic sustainability, social sustainability and market sustainability. The results suggest a collaborative model to optimizing BUMDes performance. The new model illustrates the collaboration between stakeholders to pursue rural entrepreneurship sustainability.

The food and beverage industry represents a promising industry for significant economic growth in developing economies. However, a critical barrier to the food and beverage industry realizing this potential in developing countries is achieving international food quality standards. The achievement of international food and beverage product quality standards represents a particularly challenging barrier for small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies due to financial, social, and human capital limitations. The quadruple helix innovation theory proposes that the combined efforts of four economic stakeholders, i.e., academia, firms, government, and community, can create an environment that allows firms to overcome resource constraints and supports economic development. Drawing upon the quadruple helix theory, this paper examines how each of these four stakeholder groups influences the ability of Indonesian SMEs to achieve international food product quality standards, which in turn impacts firm export activity. The results of a qualitative research methodology provide new insights into how different sectors influence SME outcomes in a developing country contest. Results suggest that companies played an important role as innovators and also influencing consumer perceptions. Educational institution provided a source of needed foundational knowledge resources. Government departments shaped the achievement of quality outcomes by creating and implementing food trade regulations, while community entities accommodate company opinion and needs.

Technology commercialization is the long process to bring technology from the research domain into the commercialization area to end-users with monetizing purposes. This study analyzes critical success factors for 5G technology commercialization in an established company in Indonesia. By defining the most significant factors, a company can strategize the most effective investments to important factors only and avoid other less meaningful areas. 5G is approaching fast, and some of the major early adopters Mobile Network Operators (MNO) have already deployed 5G within this year. However, some other MNOs or telecom companies, in general, remain skeptical, considering the wide range of new business cases, the readiness of industries, and twice significant capital investment compare to predecessor technology 4G. This study is based on interpretivism philosophy and uses Qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews, observation, and deductive scenario planning as the methodology. Use cases, innovation ecosystem, and technology complementary are found to be the key success factors for 5G commercialization in an established company. The novelty of this study is to identify the key success factors for technology commercialization specific for the 5G technology context in Indonesia. Three axes deductive scenario planning using critical success factors as the uncertainties are considered as the originality of this study. Keywords: Key success factors, technology commercialization, established company, 5G

Purpose This study aims to investigate how women social entrepreneurs in Indonesia use various behaviors to address challenges to their leadership authority created by socioreligious patriarchal norms in this Muslim society. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory study of six Muslim women social entrepreneurs was conducted using multiround, semistructured interviews in a contrast sample of three women who work with their husbands and three women who work without their husband’s involvement. Findings The study identifies a variety of leadership behaviors that women entrepreneurs use to mitigate the constraining impact of strong patriarchal religious gender norms. Observations revealed surprisingly effective micro adjustments often based on relationship-specific private negotiations between the entrepreneurs and their husbands. Research limitations/implications Future research focused on the husbands’ perspectives and behaviors, as well as extensions to other patriarchal religions and societies, are encouraged. Practical implications Recognition of the crucial role of spousal relationships suggests the need for more holistic approaches to support women social entrepreneurship, e.g. by integrating husbands into related outreach programs. Social implications Religious gender stereotypes such as the stronger altruistic orientation of women can help counteract, to a degree, Muslim patriarchal norms when women lead social enterprises. Leadership of social enterprises by women promises to promote more gender equality over time, even if associated private and relationship-specific accommodations are not intended to challenge religious gender norms. Originality/value This study contributes to emerging research on the crucial role of spousal relationships for women’s entrepreneurship and the impact of private micro arrangements between spouses to mitigate the constraining impact of Muslim gender norms. Muslim women entrepreneurs approved of the religious gender norms that constrained them, in contrast to the more “feminist” perspectives common in women entrepreneurs in more secular and Christianity-dominated western societies.

Although 5G has been deployed in several countries, stakeholders are still hesitant to adopt the technology. Massive investment and collaboration become prerequisites for this technology to be successfully implemented and bring the most benefit. This research discusses the diffusion of 5G technology to personal end-users and industries and simulates the collaboration model. The simulation analyzes key essential indicators for stakeholders, such as the number of adopters, diffusion time, and total revenue. This study follows the pragmatism philosophy and abductive approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative research, resulting in the diffusion model. The qualitative data was obtained through focus groups and semi-structured interviews with key sources, while quantitative data from 437 people were gathered through a questionnaire. The simulation resulted in a 34% improvement in diffusion time, leading to faster investment return for industry players. This study offers an alternative paradigm compared to the diffusion of innovation theory, especially for new technology distribution. Finally, this research suggests that 5G stakeholders adopt the proposed collaboration strategy to achieve better business indicators.

The process of changing leaders from the previous leaders to the recent leaders is a critical moment in family business continuance. The complex issue of succession needs an in-depth understanding of researches. This paper's objective was to review several works of literature with regards to succession in the family business. Moreover, this study discovered future research potentials concerning family business succession. This study reviewed, summarized, and combined the past and extant works of literature. China, Malaysia, Pakistan, Slovenia, and Tunisia emerged as the locus of study. This study performed a review using keywords of family business and succession to look for a comprehensive database. This study found that each country has a different culture in doing their family business succession. The most influential factor was the belief of the predecessor. For instance, the Chinese families were following Confucian rules, the Pakistani and Malaysian families were following Islamic laws, and the predecessors influenced the Tunisian families in involving their children in their family business. Meanwhile, the first generation still dominated the family business in Slovenia without any succession plan. The results show opportunities for a new research agenda. First, the comparison of family business succession between various ethnic groups. Second, the reason(s) for a family business to not set its succession plan. Keywords: business continuance, family business research, literature review, succession

Information Technology (IT) role in business has been enabling faster analysis and more reliable decision making, and it has been the backbone for the industry’s competitive factor. However, full-scale Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software are still too costly for small and medium enterprises. Company X wanted to build the disruptive integrated Business Process Management software that could be accepted by wide range of business. Putting great efforts on product development before launching, the founders had not probed the problems from the customer’s point of view. This research approached the Company’s problem with customer learning and discovery from Customer Development Model. The approach includes testing the hypotheses of the customer – problem-solution fit, and product-market fit by interviewing several businesses, with the Javelin Validation Board (Lean Startup Machine) was used to help the iteration of validation process. The result of the hypotheses validation includes: narrowing customer target segment, splitting the features to several modules to be sold separately, and adding customer support team. Company X needs to narrow the customer target segment to be small and medium scale enterprises (SME) which had not settled with complex system and just about to gain more control over their operations. Keywords: Business model, customer development, customer-problem-solution, lean startup, product-market fit

The interactive game sector is one of the promising industries in Indonesia. Indonesia is a developing country, where the creative industry sector in the application and game developer fields is growing well. This developing industry needs supporting infrastructure such as financing and human capital supply. Companies need financing for their operations, marketing, and business expansion. Various funding sources are available for companies such as venture capital, bank loan, personal savings, and liability certificates. Bank loan, a form of conventional financing has its own advantages to support the interactive game industry. On the other hand, the capital structure of interactive game SMEs (small and medium enterprises) holds a small portion of loans, especially bank loan. This study aims to analyze the role of financing support, especially bank loan support for the Indonesian interactive gaming SMEs. The results of the study show that bank loan, although less favored, has the potential to engage more deeply in the interactive gaming industry environment. The study also shows that this type of business has not been maximally touched by banks in financial support. Furthermore, the results show that SMEs that are still in the early stages are more likely to focus on human resources than financial resources. Nevertheless, they still need financial support in several aspects of business development, although not necessary from the support of bank loan. Keywords: Financing, interactive game company, bank loan, small and medium enterprise, Indonesia

As the world began to adapt to Covid-19, the phenomenon of mass resignations emerged in the world of work. Companies are competing to retain their best talents by offering flexible benefits. The emergence of various players who develop flexible benefit digital applications, makes these players explore and iterate over their products to become the market leaders. The growth in using financial technology products in the Indonesia Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending sector is more than 20 times as much in 2022 as it was in 2021 (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, 2022). This makes the loan feature one of the most attractive additional feature in the Business-to-Business (B2B) setting. However, to create a loan feature that caters the user needs further user experience research needs to be done. The user experience research is following the Design Thinking framework popularised by IDEO in the 1990s. Design Thinking is one method of developing products that address user needs. The Design Thinking process itself includes empathising, defining, ideation, prototyping, and testing with iterations at each stage as needed (Gibbons, 2016). The primary data collection methods used in this study were In-Depth Interviews (IDI) and moderated Usability Testing (UT). Empathy Map, Value Proposition Canvas, and User Journey Map are also used in this study. Sample participants are those who have experienced the employee loan end-to-end process. Keywords: Flex benefit, product development, UX research, design thinking, usability testing