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3. Monitoring media pluralism in the digital era : application of the media pluralism monitor in the European Union, Albania, Montenegro, the Republic of North Macedonia, Serbia and Turkey in the year 2022. Country report: Belgium

Author

WAUTERS, Ellen and VALCKE, Peggy

Subjects
Media Freedom, Belgium, Media Pluralism, Media Pluralism Monitor, MPM2023, Country Report
Abstract

This report presents the results of the implementation of the Media Pluralism Monitor for the year 2022 (MPM2023) in Belgium. The MPM is a holistic tool geared at assessing the risks to media pluralism in EU member states and selected candidate countries (32 European countries in total, including Albania, Montenegro, the Republic of North Macedonia, Serbia, and Turkey). The MPM takes into account legal, political and economic variables that are relevant to analysing the levels of plurality of media systems in a democratic society. The Media Pluralism Monitor has been implemented, on a regular basis, by the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom, since 2013/2014. Dit rapport presenteert de resultaten van de implementatie van de Monitor Mediapluralisme voor het jaar 2022 (MPM2023) in België. De MPM is een holistisch instrument dat gericht is op het beoordelen van de risico's voor mediapluralisme in EU-lidstaten en geselecteerde kandidaat-lidstaten (32 Europese landen in totaal, waaronder Albanië, Montenegro, de Republiek Noord-Macedonië, Servië en Turkije). De MPM houdt rekening met wettelijke, politieke en economische variabelen die relevant zijn voor het analyseren van de mate van pluraliteit van mediasystemen in een democratische samenleving. De Monitor Mediapluralisme wordt sinds 2013/2014 regelmatig uitgevoerd door het Centrum voor Mediapluralisme en Mediavrijheid. The Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom is co-financed by the European Union

Published
2023

4. Identifying GDPR enforcement problems and requirements in Smart Cities

Author

Van Zeeland, ine, Breuer, Jonas, Pierson, Jo, Wauters, Ellen, Communication Sciences, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels Centre for Urban Studies, and Brussels Center for Competition Policy

Published
2021

12. From social media service to advertising network

Author

Van Alsenoy, Brendan, Verdoodt, Valerie, Heyman, Rob, Ausloos, Jef, Wauters, Ellen, Acar, Güneş, Valcke, Peggy, Pierson, Jo, Kindt, Els, Lievens, Eva, Marie-Christine, Janssens, Diaz, Claudia, Preneel, Bart, Brussels Center for Competition Policy, Communication Sciences, and Studies in Media, Innovation and Technology

Published
2015

16. Country report Belgium

Author

Van Alsenoy, Brendan, Verdoodt, Valerie, Lievens, Eva, Roex, Ruben, Wauters, Ellen, Kindt, Els, and Lambert, Paul

Subjects
HRC, Social Sciences, Law and Political Science
Published
2014

18. Pers & slachtoffers : rapport

Author

De Cock, Rozane, d' Haenens, Leen, De Smedt, Julie, Schipper, Agnes (Anoeska), Reul, Robin, Ichau, Elke, Valcke, Peggy, and Wauters, Ellen

Subjects
Politics, Mass communications
Published
2013

19. Reporting on victims : journalism praxis according to Flemish journalists

Author

de Cock, Rozane, d' Haenens, Leen, Reul, Robin, De Smedt, Julie, Ichau, Elke, Valcke, Peggy, Wauters, Ellen, and Schipper, Agnes (Anoeska)

Subjects
Mass communications
Abstract

Newspaper reporting of a tragic bus crash in Switzerland (Sierre, 2012) in which 22 Belgian and Dutch primary school children and 6 adults were killed, severely shook society. The printing of the children's pictures on the front pages of popular newspapers (i.e. photos plucked from Facebook and the internet without the parents' permission) resulted in the adaptation and extension of the deontological code for Flemish journalists (April 2012). We conducted 30 in-depth interviews with journalists (print and audiovisual reporters) during the winter of 2012 and asked them in what way the adapted code has had an impact on the reporting on victims in the journalistic praxis. A semi-structured interview guide was used, the interviews were recorded, fully transcribed and analyzed. Our results show that permanent attention towards the very practical and daily use of the code is essential as most journalists use it rarely and mostly only after reporting has gone wrong.

Published
2013

22. Berichtgeving over slachtoffers

Author

de Cock, Rozane, primary, d’Haenens, Leen, additional, Reul, Robin, additional, Desmedt, Julie, additional, Ichau, Elke, additional, Valcke, Peggy, additional, Wauters, Ellen, additional, and Schipper, Anoeska, additional

Published
2013
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23. Optimizing transparency for users in social networking sites.

Author

Lievens, Eva, Donoso, Verónica, and Wauters, Ellen

Subjects
ONLINE social networks research, USER-centered system design, TERMS of service (Internet), INDUSTRIAL design coordination, LEGAL documents
Abstract

Purpose -- It is the aim of this article to reflect on possible ways to optimize current ways to deliver information provision in order to make it more transparent to users In particular, we will refer to the benefits (and challenges) of employing more user-centred approaches to inform users in a more transparent way. Design/methodology/approach -- In this paper we analyse individual as well as contextual factors (e.g. cognitive differences, time constraints, specific features of SNS platforms) which may have an impact on the way users deal with Terms of Use, privacy policies and other types of information provision typically made available on SNS platforms. In addition, we discuss possible ways of improving current practices in the field. In particular, we refer to the benefits (and challenges) of a user-centred approach when it comes to informing users in a way that is more meaningful to them. Finally, we discuss how user-centred approaches can act as mechanisms to increase transparency in SNS environments and how (alternative) forms of regulation could benefit from such an approach. Findings -- We believe that it is necessary to start focusing on users/consumers' needs, expectations and values in order to develop visualisation tools that can help make law (more) meaningful to users/consumers by giving them a better insight into their rights and obligations and by guiding them in making truly informed decisions regarding their online choices and behaviour Originality/value -By looking at different techniques such as visual design and the timing of information, the article contributes to the discussion on how we can make people more aware of legal documents and actually read them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

24. Towards a better protection of social media users: a legal perspective on the terms of use of social networking sites.

Author

Wauters, Ellen, Lievens, Eva, and Valcke, Peggy

Subjects
ONLINE social networks -- Law & legislation, ONLINE social network security, TERMS of service (Internet), WEBSITE access control, ACCEPTABLE use policies (Computers), RIGHT of privacy
Abstract

The 'Terms of Use' of Social Networking Sites (SNS) increasingly attract attention from policymakers and civil society. It is argued that these terms are rarely read by users and that, consequently, users cannot correctly assess their implications. This article attempts to evaluate the validity of SNS Terms of Use based on the requirements that are imposed in existing legal instruments. Firstly, we look at the phenomenon of standard contracts in the offline world. Secondly, we try to identify whether the SNS environment adds additional elements to the manner in which consumers approach standard Terms of Use. Thirdly, as a case study, we examine the Terms of Use of Facebook and assess whether the clauses could be found invalid on the basis of several law requirements. Finally, we try to put forward a number of remedies for the imbalance of the rights and responsibilities that can currently be found in SNS Terms of Use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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25. Enforcing responsibilities in Smart Cities

Author

Christofi, Athena, Kanevskaia, Olia, and Wauters, Ellen

Subjects
GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract

status: Published online

Published
2021

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