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We study the structural and thermodynamic properties of a model of point particles interacting by means of a Gaussian pair potential first introduced by Stillinger [Stillinger F H 1976 J. Chem. Phys. 65, 3968]. By employing integral equation theories for the fluid state and comparing with Monte Carlo simulation results, we establish the limits of applicability of various common closures and examine the dependence of the correlation functions of the liquid on the density and temperature. We employ a simple, mean-field theory for the high density domain of the liquid and demonstrate that at infinite density the mean-field theory is exact and that the system reduces to an `infinite density ideal gas', where all correlations vanish and where the hypernetted chain (HNC) closure becomes exact. By employing an Einstein model for the solid phases, we subsequently calculate quantitatively the phase diagram of the model and find that the system possesses two solid phases, face centered cubic and body centered cubic, and also displays reentrant melting into a liquid at high densities. Moreover, the system remains fluid at all densities when the temperature exceeds 1% of the strength of the interactions., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures

We examine in full generality the phase behavior of systems whose constituent particles interact by means of potentials which do not diverge at the origin, are free of attractive parts and decay fast enough to zero as the interparticle separation r goes to infinity. By employing a mean field-density functional theory which is shown to become exact at high temperatures and/or densities, we establish a criterion which determines whether a given system will freeze at all temperatures or it will display reentrant melting and an upper freezing temperature., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRL on March 29, 2000 New version: 10 pages, 9 figures, forwarded to PRE on October 16, 2000

The phase diagram of star polymer solutions in a good solvent is obtained over a wide range of densities and arm numbers by Monte Carlo simulations. The effective interaction between the stars is modeled by an ultrasoft pair potential which is logarithmic in the core-core distance. Among the stable phases are a fluid as well as body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, body-centered orthogonal, and diamond crystals. In a limited range of arm numbers, reentrant melting and reentrant freezing transitions occur for increasing density., Comment: final version as published

The distance-resolved effective interaction between two star polymers in a good solvent is calculated by Molecular Dynamics computer simulations. The results are compared with a pair potential proposed recently by Likos et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 80, 4450] which is exponentially decaying for large distances and crosses over, at the corona diameter of the star, to an ultrasoft logarithmic repulsion for small distances. Excellent agreement is found in a broad range of star arm numbers., Comment: final version as published, 9 pages + 5 ps-figures

Theoretical calculations for colloidal charge-stabilized and hard sphere suspensions show that hydrodynamic interactions yield a qualitatively different particle concentration dependence of the short-time self-diffusion coefficient. The effect, however, is numerically small and hardly accessible by conventional light scattering experiments. Applying multiple-scattering decorrelation equipment and a careful data analysis we show that the theoretical prediction for charged particles is in agreement with our experimental results from aqueous polystyrene latex suspensions., Comment: 1 ps-file (MS-Word), 14 pages

We report on calculations of the reduced sedimentation velocity $U/U_{0}$ in homogenous suspensions of strongly and weakly charged colloidal spheres as a function of particle volume fraction $\phi$. For dilute suspensions of strongly charged spheres at low salinity, $U/U_{0}$ is well represented by the parametric form $1-p\phi^\alpha$ with a fractional exponent $\alpha=1/3$ and a parameter $p\simeq 1.8$, which is essentially independent from the macroion charge $Z$. This non-linear volume fraction dependence can be quantitatively understood in terms of a model of effective hard spheres with $\phi$-dependent diameter. For weakly charged spheres in a deionized solvent, we show that the exponent $\alpha$ can be equal to 1/2, if an expression for $U/U_0$ given by Petsev and Denkov [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 149, 329 (1992)] is employed. We further show that the range of validity of this expression is limited to very small values of $\phi$ and $Z$, which are probably not accessible in sedimentation experiments. The presented results might also hold for other systems like spherical proteins or ionic micelles., Comment: 15 pages and 8 figures, final version as published

The core-core structure factor of dense star polymer solutions in a good solvent is shown theoretically to exhibit an unusual behaviour above the overlap concentration. Unlike usual liquids, these solutions display a structure factor whose first peak decreases by increasing density while the second peak grows. The scenario repeats itself with the subsequent peaks as the density is further enhanced. For low enough arm numbers $f$ ($f \leq 32$), various different considerations lead to the conclusion that the system remains fluid at all concentrations., Comment: ReVTeX, 13 pages, 14 figures in eps-format

We consider a system of spherical particles interacting by means of a pair potential equal to a finite constant for interparticle distances smaller than the sphere diameter and zero outside. The model may be a prototype for the interaction between micelles in a solvent [C. Marquest and T. A. Witten, J. Phys. France 50, 1267 (1989)]. The phase diagram of these penetrable spheres is investigated using a combination of cell- and density functional theory for the solid phase together with simulations for the fluid phase. The system displays unusual phase behavior due to the fact that, in the solid, the optimal configuration is achieved when certain fractions of lattice sites are occupied by more than one particle, a property that we call `clustering'. We find that freezing from the fluid is followed, by increasing density, by a cascade of second-order, clustering transitions in the crystal., Comment: 16 pages and 10 figures in ps-format, fig. 5 corrected, final version as published

We report on calculations of the translational and rotational short-time self-diffusion coefficients $D^t_s$ and $D^r_s$ for suspensions of charge-stabilized colloidal spheres. These diffusion coefficients are affected by electrostatic forces and many-body hydrodynamic interactions (HI). Our computations account for both two-body and three-body HI. For strongly charged particles, we predict interesting nonlinear scaling relations $D^t_s\propto 1-a_t\phi^{4/3}$ and $D^r_s\propto 1-a_r\phi^2$ depending on volume fraction $\phi$, with essentially charge-independent parameters $a_t$ and $a_r$. These scaling relations are strikingly different from the corresponding results for hard spheres. Our numerical results can be explained using a model of effective hard spheres. Moreover, we perceptibly improve the known result for $D^t_s$ of hard sphere suspensions., Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, 3 Postscript figures included using epsf

We study the combined effects of electrostatic and hydrodynamic interactions (HI) on the short-time dynamics of charge-stabilized colloidal spheres. For this purpose, we calculate the translational and the rotational self-diffusion coefficients, $D^t_s$ and $D^r_s$, as function of volume fraction $\phi$ for various values of the effective particle charge $Z$ and various concentrations $n_s$ of added 1--1 electrolyte. Our results show that the self-diffusion coefficients in deionized suspensions are less affected by HI than in suspensions with added electrolyte. For very large $n_s$, we recover the well-known results for hard spheres, i.e. a linear $\phi$-dependence of $D^t_s$ and $D^r_s$ at small $\phi$. In contrast, for deionized charged suspensions at small $\phi$, we observe the interesting non-linear scaling properties $D^t_s\propto1-a_t\phi^{4/3}$ and $D^r_s\propto 1-a_r\phi^2$. The coefficients $a_t$ and $a_r$ are found to be nearly independent of $Z$. The qualitative differences between the dynamics of charged and uncharged particles can be well explained in terms of an effective hard sphere (EHS) model., Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, 3 Postscript figures included using epsf

We investigate the combined effects of electrostatic interactions and hydrodynamic interactions on the short-time rotational self-diffusion coefficient in charge-stabilized suspensions. We calculate this coefficient as a function of volume fraction for various effective particle charges and amounts of added electrolyte. The influence of the hydrodynamic interactions on the rotational diffusion coefficient is less pronounced for charged particles than for uncharged ones. Salt-free suspensions are weakly influenced by hydrodynamic interactions. For these strongly correlated systems we obtain a quadratic volume fraction-dependence of the diffusion coefficient, which is well explained in terms of an effective hard sphere model., Comment: 21 pages, LaTeX, 7 Postscript figures included using epsf, to appear in Physica A