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2. Language Games

Author

Baker, Joseph, primary, Kelly, Adam L., additional, McAuley, Alexander B. T., additional, and Wattie, Nick, additional

Published
2023
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9. Talent Selection

Author

Lath, Franziska, primary, den Hartigh, Ruud, additional, Wattie, Nick, additional, and Schorer, Jörg, additional

Published
2020
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21. An unexpected shift in constant year effects in female elite handball.

Author

Schorer, Jörg, Wattie, Nick, Faber, Irene R., Büsch, Dirk, and Baker, Joseph

Subjects
*SPORTS participation, *HANDBALL, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *AGE distribution, *GOODNESS-of-fit tests, *COMPARATIVE studies, *SPORTS events, *DATA analysis software
Abstract

One of the most convincing studies about the importance of the cutoff date in relative age effects was when Helsen et al. (2000) showed that a shift in the date directly resulted in a change of birth month distributions in soccer. Over the past four decades, the role of the birth year has also been associated with relative age effects (as reflected in constant year effects). In this investigation, two studies attempted to replicate the shift of birth year distributions caused by a change in birth years in international female handball. In Study 1, the results from the female handball world championship 2017 showed a significant within‐year effect overall and a constant year effect for players born 1988 and after. A second study was conducted with female players from world championships in 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015. Results demonstrated small effect sizes for most tests. However, there was an unexpected trend toward a constant year effect shift at the age of 28 years. Several hypotheses are presented as an explanation for this trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. List of Contributors

Author

Abrams, Mitch, primary, Allan, Veronica, additional, Altfeld, Sebastian, additional, Amorose, Anthony J., additional, Araújo, Duarte, additional, Atkinson, Michael, additional, Baird, Shannon M., additional, Baker, Joseph, additional, Balish, Shea, additional, Bardid, Farid, additional, Bar-Eli, Michael, additional, Barker, Jamie, additional, Barkoukis, Vassilis, additional, Barnett, Lisa, additional, Battochio, Randy C., additional, Baumeister, Roy F., additional, Beauchamp, Mark R., additional, Beckmann, Jürgen, additional, Behm, David G., additional, Bellomo, Eduardo, additional, Benson, Alex, additional, Berger, Bonnie G., additional, Bernache-Assollant, Iouri, additional, Bertollo, Maurizio, additional, Bhavsar, Nikita, additional, Biddell, Hannah L., additional, Biddle, Stuart, additional, Blodgett, Amy T., additional, Bloom, Gordon A., additional, Blumenstein, Boris, additional, Bolter, Nicole D., additional, Boudreau, Patrick, additional, Bredemeier, Brenda Light, additional, Brown, Chris, additional, Brueckner, Sebastian, additional, Bruner, Mark W., additional, Burke, Shauna M., additional, Busanich, Rebecca, additional, Busch, Lena, additional, Butcher, Lois A., additional, Carless, David, additional, Caron, Jeffrey G., additional, Carter, Leeja, additional, Castillo, Sarah L., additional, Chang, Yu-Kai, additional, Charboneau, Nicole D., additional, Chatzisarantis, Nikos L.D., additional, Cheng, Ming-Yang, additional, Chermette, Chloé, additional, Chow, Graig M., additional, Chu, I-Hua, additional, Chu, Theo, additional, Coakley, Jay, additional, Coholic, Diana, additional, Compton, Bernadette, additional, Corbetta, Daniela, additional, Côté, Jean, additional, Cotterill, Stewart, additional, Cropley, Brendan, additional, Cruz, Jaume, additional, Darroch, Francine, additional, Davids, Keith, additional, Deal, Colin J., additional, Debanne, Thierry, additional, Den Hartigh, Ruud J.R., additional, DesClouds, Poppy, additional, di Fronso, Selenia, additional, Douglas, Kitrina, additional, Downs, Danielle S., additional, Dreiskämper, Dennis, additional, Durand-Bush, Natalie, additional, Dzikus, Lars, additional, Eccles, David W., additional, Effenberg, Alfred O., additional, Elbe, Anne-Marie, additional, Emrich, Eike, additional, Etnier, Jennifer, additional, Etzel, Edward, additional, Evans, M. Blair, additional, Eys, Mark, additional, Fasting, Kari, additional, Feistenauer, Clemens, additional, Feltz, Deborah L., additional, Ferguson, Leah J., additional, Filho, Edson, additional, Fisher, Leslee A., additional, Fleming, Audrey, additional, Fletcher, David, additional, Frank, Cornelia, additional, Fransen, Katrien, additional, Freeman, Paul, additional, Friesen, Andrew, additional, Furley, Philip, additional, Galloway, Shaun M., additional, Gassmann, Freya, additional, Gaudreau, Patrick, additional, Ge, Yang, additional, Gernigon, Christophe, additional, Gershgoren, Lael, additional, Geukes, Katharina, additional, Gilbert, Wade D., additional, Gill, Diane L., additional, Glenn, Nicola, additional, Godfrey, Michael, additional, Gonsalves, Christine A., additional, Gould, Daniel, additional, Granacher, Urs, additional, Graupensperger, Scott, additional, Greenlees, Iain, additional, Grey, Robert, additional, Gucciardi, Daniel F., additional, Guerrero, Michelle D., additional, Güldenpenning, Iris, additional, H. Kerr, John, additional, Hackfort, Dieter, additional, Hagan, John E., additional, Hagemann, Norbert, additional, Halson, Shona L., additional, Hancock, David J., additional, Hanton, Sheldon, additional, Hardy, James, additional, Hardy, Will, additional, Harwood, Chris G., additional, Hausenblas, Heather A., additional, Heidari, Jahan, additional, Herbison, Jordan D., additional, Heuer, Andreas, additional, Hilliard, Bobby, additional, Hodge, Ken, additional, Hodges, Nicola J., additional, Holmes, Paul, additional, Holt, Nicholas L., additional, Horn, Thelma S., additional, Hristovski, Robert, additional, Hudson, Joanne, additional, Hüffmeier, Joachim, additional, Hung, Tsung-Min, additional, James, Jeffrey D., additional, Johnson, Carra, additional, Jones, Martin I., additional, Jowett, Gareth E., additional, Jowett, Sophia, additional, Justen, Christoph, additional, Kao, San-Fu, additional, Karau, Steven J., additional, Kavussanu, Maria, additional, Keegan, Richard, additional, Kellmann, Michael, additional, Kerr, Gretchen, additional, Killham, Margo E., additional, Kim, Jeemin, additional, Kim, Youngho, additional, Klämpfl, Martin, additional, Kleinert, Jens, additional, Kljajic, Kristina, additional, Klöppel, York-Peter, additional, Knowles, Zoe, additional, Koester, Dirk, additional, Kölling, Sarah, additional, Kornspan, Alan S., additional, Krane, Vikki, additional, Krause, Daniel, additional, Kunz, Philipp, additional, Laborde, Sylvain, additional, Lane, Andrew M., additional, Lariviere, Michel, additional, Larsen, Carsten H., additional, Lastella, Michele, additional, LaVoi, Nicole M., additional, Law, Barbi, additional, Lazuras, Lambros, additional, Leslie-Toogood, Adrienne, additional, Lewthwaite, Rebecca, additional, Lidor, Ronnie, additional, Lindeman, Kent, additional, Lippke, Sonia, additional, Lobinger, Babett, additional, Loffing, Florian, additional, Loughead, Todd M., additional, Lucidi, Fabio, additional, Mack, Diane E., additional, MacMahon, Clare, additional, Malhotra, Neha, additional, Marks, Donald R., additional, Marques, Marta M., additional, Martin, Luc J., additional, Masters, Rich, additional, McCullagh, Penny, additional, McGannon, Kerry R., additional, Meier, Henk E., additional, Mellalieu, Stephen D., additional, Memmert, Daniel, additional, Mentzel, Stijn V., additional, Mesagno, Christopher, additional, Michie, Susan, additional, Middleton, Thierry R.F., additional, Mokhtari, Pooneh, additional, Moore, Lee, additional, Moore, Whitney, additional, Moran, Aidan, additional, Morres, Ioannis D., additional, Mosley, Emma, additional, Moss, Tayo, additional, Munroe-Chandler, Krista J., additional, Munzert, Jörn, additional, Murgia, Mauro, additional, Murphy, Shane, additional, Neil, Rich, additional, Nicholls, Adam R., additional, Nitsch, Jürgen R., additional, Noce, Franco, additional, Norman, Paul, additional, Ntoumanis, Nikos, additional, Oddson, Bruce, additional, Oghene, Patrick Odirin, additional, Oglesby, Carole, additional, Oluyedun, Olufemi A., additional, Orbach, Iris, additional, Oudejans, Raôul R.D., additional, Papathomas, Anthony, additional, Paradis, Kyle F., additional, Parham, William D., additional, Pelka, Maximilian, additional, Pels, Fabian, additional, Peters, Heather J., additional, Petersen, Brennan, additional, Petitpas, Albert, additional, Petty, Lisa, additional, Phoenix, Cassandra, additional, Pierce, Scott, additional, Plessner, Henning, additional, Poczwardowski, Artur, additional, Podlog, Leslie, additional, Pöppel, Katharina, additional, Prochaska, James O., additional, Prochaska, Janice M., additional, Quartiroli, Alessandro, additional, Raab, Markus, additional, Rhind, Daniel J.A., additional, Rhodes, Ryan E., additional, Richard, Veronique, additional, Robazza, Claudio, additional, Robbins, Jamie E., additional, Roberts, Ross, additional, Ruiz, Montse C., additional, Sabiston, Catherine M., additional, Sachs, Michael L., additional, Sackett, Sarah C., additional, Samuel, Roy David, additional, Sarkar, Mustafa, additional, Scanlan, Tara, additional, Scanlan, Tara K., additional, Schack, Thomas, additional, Schinke, Robert J., additional, Schlattmann, Andreas, additional, Schleu, Joyce E., additional, Schöllhorn, Wolfgang I., additional, Schorer, Jörg, additional, Schott, Nadja, additional, Schwarzer, Ralf, additional, Seanor, Michelle, additional, Seiler, Roland, additional, Seiler, Stephen, additional, Selby, Christine L.B., additional, Shephard, Roy J., additional, Shields, David, additional, Si, Gangyan, additional, Smith, Alan L., additional, Smith, Brett, additional, Smith, Kristina, additional, Smith, Ronald E., additional, Sonn, Christopher C., additional, Sperlich, Billy, additional, Stambulova, Natalia B., additional, Standage, Martyn, additional, Steggemann-Weinrich, Yvonne, additional, Stirling, Ashley, additional, Storm, Vera, additional, Strauß, Bernd, additional, Surya, Mark, additional, Swann, Christian, additional, Tamminen, Katherine A., additional, Taylor, Ian M., additional, Tenenbaum, Gershon, additional, Terry, Peter C., additional, Thelwell, Richard, additional, Theodorakis, Yannis, additional, Thogersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie, additional, Thrower, Sam N., additional, Tietjens, Maike, additional, Tirp, Judith, additional, Toner, John, additional, Toogood, Adrienne L., additional, Turnnidge, Jennifer, additional, Uiga, Liis, additional, Utesch, Till, additional, Vallerand, Robert J., additional, van der Kamp, John, additional, van Duijn, Tina, additional, Van Slingerland, Krista, additional, Velentzas, Konstantinos, additional, Verner-Filion, Jérémie, additional, Vine, Samuel J., additional, Waldron, Jennifer J., additional, Wann, Daniel L., additional, Watson, Jack C., additional, Wattie, Nick, additional, Way, William, additional, Weigelt, Matthias, additional, Weinberg, Robert, additional, Westerberg, Anders I., additional, Whitehead, Amy, additional, Wiese-Bjornstal, Diane M., additional, Williams, Kipling D., additional, Williams, Toni L., additional, Wilson, Mark, additional, Wolanin, Andrew T., additional, Woodman, Tim, additional, Wright, Emily, additional, Wu, Carolyn, additional, Wulf, Gabriele, additional, Wunsch, Kathrin, additional, Yarrow, Kielan, additional, Zakrajsek, Rebecca A., additional, and Zhang, Chun-Qing, additional

Published
2019
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23. Relative Age Effects in a Cognitive Task: A Case Study of Youth Chess

Author

Helsen, Werner F., Baker, Joseph, Schorer, Joerg, Steingröver, Christina, Wattie, Nick, and Starkes, Janet L.

Abstract

The relative age effect (RAE) has been demonstrated in many youth and professional sports. In this study, we hypothesized that there would also be a RAE among youth chess players who are typically involved in a complex cognitive task without significant physical requirements. While typical RAEs have been observed in adult chess players, in this paper we wanted to focus primarily on youth chess players. In addition, we also examined RAEs in both participation rates and performance levels in a national chess championship. Therefore, the RAE was examined in a complex cognitive task that has no significant physical requirements, more specifically among youth chess players. Data were analyzed (1) for all registered Belgian youth chess players over a 5-year period (2009-2013) and (2) for participants of the Belgian youth championship 2013. Results indicated an overall RAE among all Belgian youth chess players over the last 5 years. The likelihood of participation was significantly greater for players born in the first birth-date quartile (?[superscript 2] = 10.21, p < 0.05; r = -0.77, p < 0.01; w = 0.07) and the likelihood of participation decreased when youth chess players were born in the last quartile of the year. These effects were most prominent in the under-8 and under-10 year olds. There also appeared to be a performance-related RAE. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (p < 0.05) showed that players born in the first months of the selection year were significantly more often in the top 10 players for each age level of the "Belgian" Youth Championship 2013.

Published
2016
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25. Does Relative Age Influence Motor Test Performance of Fourth Grade Pupils?

Author

Wattie, Nick, Tietjens, Maike, Schorer, Jörg, Ghanbari, Marie-Christine, Strauss, Bernd, Seidel, Ilka, and Baker, Joseph

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to explore relative age's influence on physical and motor tests among fourth grade children (9 to 10 years) from Germany. Data from 1218 children (49% female) who had performed the German Motor Ability Test (Bös et al., 2009) were analysed. The test battery, which was comprised of physical and motor tests, included 20 m sprint, balance backwards, jumping sideways, stand and reach, push-ups, sit-ups, standing broad jump, and six-minute run. Analyses of variance only revealed statistically significant effects for height, weight, and 20 m sprint time (p < 0.01) among boys, with relatively older boys performing better than relatively younger boys. For the girls, the only significant difference between quartiles was for height (p < 0.01), with the oldest quartiles being taller than the younger quartiles. These results may have implications for statistical vs. practical significance, sampling, and how youth are evaluated in physical education classes.

Published
2014
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33. How Pervasive Are Relative Age Effects in Secondary School Education?

Author

Cobley, Stephen, McKenna, Jim, Baker, Joeseph, and Wattie, Nick

Abstract

Relative age effects (RAEs; R. H. Barnsley, A. H. Thompson, & P. E. Barnsley, 1985) convey school attainment (dis)advantages depending on whether one is relatively older or younger within annually age-grouped cohorts. In the present study, the authors examined the pervasiveness of RAEs by examining (a) attainment in 4 secondary school subjects, (b) attainment consistency across subjects, (c) pupils enrolled in gifted and talented programs, (d) pupils referred for learning support or identified as having special educational needs, and (e) whether RAEs were related to pupil attendance. For 2004-2005, attainment, program participation, and attendance data for 657 pupils (aged 11-14) at a secondary school in North England were analyzed. Relatively older pupils (i.e., September-November born) attained significantly higher in subjects (except for English), were more likely to attain consistently high scores across subject areas, and be enrolled in gifted and talented programs. In contrast, relatively younger pupils (i.e., January-August born) were overrepresented in learning support referrals and identified as having special educational needs, and were more likely to be among the lowest 20% of attainment and attendees, attending on average school 6 days less. RAEs are pervasive and systematic across the curriculum, implicating maturational and psychological mechanisms. (Contains 3 tables and 3 figures.)

Published
2009
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39. Compromising Talent: Issues in Identifying and Selecting Talent in Sport.

Author

Baker, Joseph, Schorer, Jörg, and Wattie, Nick

Subjects
SCOUTING (Athletics), COACHING (Athletics), SPORTS psychology, DECISION making, SPORTS sciences
Abstract

The past few decades have seen a significant change in the delivery of sport and in trends related to athlete development. However, the notion of talent continues to play a critical role in most athlete development models. In this brief review, we highlight concerns with the notion of talent and how it is conceptualized in high performance sport systems. These include: the assumption that talent is a fixed capacity that can be identified early, the influence of talent beliefs on athlete development, the different levels of risk for talent selection decisions, biases evident in approaches to athlete selection, the inadequacy of current statistical approaches, the problems with using current performance to predict future outcomes, and how short-term priorities and competition between sports for talented athletes undermine the overall efficiency of athlete development systems. These concerns form the basis for more focused discussion of avenues for future work in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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42. Talent Selection: Making Decisions and Prognoses about Athletes

Author

Lath, Franziska, den Hartigh, Ruud, Wattie, Nick, Schorer, Joerg, Baker, Joseph, Cobley, Stephen, and Developmental Psychology

Subjects
coaching, talent development, Actuarial judgment, sports, performance prediction, talent identification, scouting, clinical judgment
Abstract

In this chapter, we focus on an almost forgotten actor in talent research – the coach who has to make decisions on the future potential of children at different developmental stages. Coaches must make prognoses, often on the bases of little information, about how these young athletes will perform when they are at their prime. As we will argue in the first part of this chapter, making prognoses on athletes is not an easy task. In the second part, we provide the reader with an overview of current knowledge on the ‘coaches’ eye’ for identifying talent. We then place the coaches’ eye within a broader psychological framework of decision making. Finally, we consider how knowledge from decision making research might improve our understanding of talent selection processes in the future.

Published
2020

43. Developmental pathways of Para athletes: Examining the sporting backgrounds of elite Canadian wheelchair basketball players

Author

Lemez, Srdjan, Wattie, Nick, Dehghansai, Nima, and Baker, Joseph

Subjects
Gerontology, Competition level, biology, Team sport, Athletes, 05 social sciences, Wheelchair basketball, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cohort, Elite, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Narrative, Psychology, human activities
Abstract

This study examines developmental history data to identify common pathways for elite Para sport performance and contextualizes these findings using known models of athlete development (e.g., the Developmental Model of Sport Participation, Côté, 1999). Seventy-three Canadian wheelchair basketball players completed a modified version of the Developmental History of Athletes Questionnaire (Hopwood, 2013). Overall, the results emphasized considerable variability in measures related to ‘other’ organized sport participation regardless of disability status and competition level, including the proportion of participants that participated in at least one other sport, the number of other sports participated in, the age first participated in other sports, and the number of years spent participating in other sports. This variability suggests there may be multiple Para athlete development narratives and highlights a need for more evidence-based models that are sufficiently nuanced for this athlete cohort., Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS)

Published
2020
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44. Talent Selection:Making Decisions and Prognoses about Athletes

Author

Baker, Joseph, Cobley, Stephen, Schorer, Joerg, Lath, Franziska, den Hartigh , Ruud, Wattie, Nick, Baker, Joseph, Cobley, Stephen, Schorer, Joerg, Lath, Franziska, den Hartigh , Ruud, and Wattie, Nick

Abstract

In this chapter, we focus on an almost forgotten actor in talent research – the coach who has to make decisions on the future potential of children at different developmental stages. Coaches must make prognoses, often on the bases of little information, about how these young athletes will perform when they are at their prime. As we will argue in the first part of this chapter, making prognoses on athletes is not an easy task. In the second part, we provide the reader with an overview of current knowledge on the ‘coaches’ eye’ for identifying talent. We then place the coaches’ eye within a broader psychological framework of decision making. Finally, we consider how knowledge from decision making research might improve our understanding of talent selection processes in the future.

Published
2020

46. A Systematic Review of Influences on Development of Athletes With Disabilities.

Author

Dehghansai, Nima, Lemez, Srdjan, Wattie, Nick, and Baker, Joseph

Subjects
ABILITY, ATHLETIC ability, INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems, ATHLETES with disabilities, SPORTS, TRAINING, SYSTEMATIC reviews, EVIDENCE-based medicine, PROFESSIONAL practice, PHYSICAL training & conditioning
Abstract

Compared with mainstream sport athletes, relatively little is known regarding the factors affecting the development of athletes with a disability. Sport-specific training programs are essential to athletes' successful performance; to create appropriate programs and strategies, a clear understanding of the nuances of development of athletes with a disability is important. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize existing research on development in athletes with a disability and examine the key determinants of successful development and sporting performance. After a search of the Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases, 21 articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria, which were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and categorized into 3 groups: training and practice, short-term interventions, and long-term changes due to training. Among the studies, there was a disproportionate focus on immediate interventions and training programs and less on long-term development. The review reflected a lack of research on sport-specific development of athletes with a disability, which raises concerns regarding the effectiveness and appropriateness of current training practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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50. Sport Officiating

Author

Livingston, Lori, primary, Forbes, Susan L., additional, Wattie, Nick, additional, and Cunningham, Ian, additional

Published
2020
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