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6. Diverse psychotropic substances detected in drug and drug administration equipment samples submitted to drug checking services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 2019–April 2020

Author

Scarfone, Kristy M, Maghsoudi, Nazlee, McDonald, Karen, Stefan, Cristiana, Beriault, Daniel R, Wong, Ernest, Evert, Mark, Hopkins, Shaun, Leslie, Peter, Watson, Tara Marie, and Werb, Dan

Subjects
Substance Misuse, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Good Health and Well Being, Analgesics, Opioid, Drug Overdose, Fentanyl, Humans, Illicit Drugs, Laboratories, Clinical, Ontario, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Pilot Projects, Drug overdose, Etizolam, Flualprazolam, Synthetic cannabinoid, Toronto’s Drug Checking Service Working Group, Public Health and Health Services, Substance Abuse
Abstract

BackgroundThe overdose crisis has generated innovative harm reduction and drug market monitoring strategies. In Toronto, Ontario, Canada, a multi-site drug checking service (DCS) pilot project was launched in October 2019. The project provides people who use drugs with information on the chemical composition of their substances, thereby increasing their capacity to make more informed decisions about their drug use and avoid overdose. DCS also provides real-time market monitoring to identify trends in the unregulated drug supply.MethodsSample data were obtained through analyses of drug and used drug administration equipment samples submitted anonymously and free of charge to DCS in downtown Toronto from October 10, 2019, to April 9, 2020, representing the first six months of DCS implementation. Analyses were conducted in clinical laboratories using liquid chromatography- and/or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS, GC-MS) techniques.ResultsOverall, 555 samples were submitted, with 49% (271) of samples that were found to contain high-potency opioids, of which 87% (235) also contained stimulants. Benzodiazepine-type drugs were found in 21% (116) of all samples, and synthetic cannabinoids in 1% (7) of all samples. Negative effects (including overdose, adverse health events, and extreme sedation) were reported for 11% (59) of samples submitted for analysis.ConclusionsToronto's DCS identified a range of high-potency opioids with stimulants, benzodiazepine-type drugs, and a synthetic cannabinoid, AMB-FUBINACA. This information can inform a range of evidence-informed overdose prevention efforts.

Published
2022

11. The Effect of SNAP and the Broader Safety Net on Mental Health and Food Insecurity. University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research Discussion Paper Series, DP2018-04

Author

University of Kentucky Center for Poverty Research (UKCPR), Schmidt, Lucie, Shore-Sheppard, Lara, and Watson, Tara

Abstract

Previous literature documents a strong relationship between food insecurity and mental health, and also examines the impact of safety net programs on food insecurity. However, little is known about the intersection between mental health, safety net participation, and food insecurity. In this research, we use a multi-program safety net calculator (including cash, food, and health insurance programs) and data from the National Health Interview Survey and the Current Population Survey to examine the effects of safety net generosity on food insecurity and mental health for single mother families. We examine four research questions. First, does state safety net generosity affect self-reported participation in safety net programs? Second, does mental health affect participation in safety net programs, conditional on generosity? Third, does more generous cash and food assistance affect mental health? And finally, how effective is the safety net in reducing food insecurity in the presence of mental health issues? We find that state-level safety net generosity does predict self-reported participation, and that conditional on generosity, those with mental health issues are significantly more likely to participate in safety net programs. More generous cash and food assistance is protective of maternal mental health, but results are somewhat sensitive to the measure of mental health examined. Finally, we find no effect of the safety net on 30-day food insecurity. These results have important implications for the effectiveness of safety net programs for some of the most vulnerable members of society: low-income mothers suffering from mental health challenges and their children.

Published
2018

14. Safety, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines given as fourth-dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 and a third dose of BNT162b2 (COV-BOOST): a multicentre, blinded, phase 2, randomised trial

Author

Munro, Alasdair P S, Feng, Shuo, Janani, Leila, Cornelius, Victoria, Aley, Parvinder K, Babbage, Gavin, Baxter, David, Bula, Marcin, Cathie, Katrina, Chatterjee, Krishna, Dodd, Kate, Enever, Yvanne, Qureshi, Ehsaan, Goodman, Anna L, Green, Christopher A, Harndahl, Linda, Haughney, John, Hicks, Alexander, van der Klaauw, Agatha A, Kanji, Nasir, Libri, Vincenzo, Llewelyn, Martin J, McGregor, Alastair C, Minassian, Angela M, Moore, Patrick, Mughal, Mehmood, Mujadidi, Yama F, Holliday, Kyra, Osanlou, Orod, Osanlou, Rostam, Owens, Daniel R, Pacurar, Mihaela, Palfreeman, Adrian, Pan, Daniel, Rampling, Tommy, Regan, Karen, Saich, Stephen, Bawa, Tanveer, Saralaya, Dinesh, Sharma, Sunil, Sheridan, Ray, Maallah, Mina, Thomson, Emma C, Todd, Shirley, Twelves, Chris, Read, Robert C, Charlton, Sue, Hallis, Bassam, Ramsay, Mary, Andrews, Nick, Lambe, Teresa, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, Snape, Matthew D, Liu, Xinxue, Faust, Saul N, Riordan, Andrew, Ustianowski, Andrew, Rogers, Chris, Katechia, Kashyap, Cooper, Alison, Freedman, Andrew, Hughes, Rachel, Grundy, Lynne, Tudor Jones, Lona, Harrison, Elizabeth, Snashall, Emma, Mallon, Lewis, Burton, Katharine, Storton, Kim, Munusamy, Malathi, Tandy, Bridget, Egbo, Akamino, Cox, Stephen, Ahmed, Nabeela Nazir, Shenoy, Anil, Bousfield, Rachel, Wixted, Donna, Gutteridge, Helen, Mansfield, Becky, Herbert, Christopher, Murira, Jennifer, Calderwood, James, Barker, Dominique, Brandon, Jacqueline, Tulloch, Hayley, Colquhoun, Suzie, Thorp, Helen, Radford, Helen, Evans, Julie, Baker, Helena, Thorpe, Jeanette, Batham, Sally, Hailstone, Jessica, Phillips, Rachael, Kumar, Dileep, Westwell, Fran, Sturdy, Ann, Barcella, Lara, Soussi, Najwa, Mpelembue, Mushiya, Raj, Sreena, Sharma, Rajni, Corrah, Tumena, John, Laurence, Whittington, Ashley, Roche, Siobhan, Wagstaff, Lynda, Farrier, Adam, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Abeywickrama, Movin, Spence, Niamh, Packham, Alice, Serafimova, Teona, Aslam, Suahil, McGreevy, Caitlin, Borca, Alessandro, DeLosSantosDominguez, Pamela, Palmer, Emily, Broadhead, Samantha, Farooqi, Sadaf, Piper, Jo, Weighell, Rowena, Pickup, Lorinda, Shamtally, Djamila, Domingo, Jason, Kourampa, Evgenia, Hale, Colin, Gibney, Jennifer, Stackpoole, Michael, Rashid-Gardner, Zalina, Lyon, Rebecca, McDonnell, Chloe, Cole, Christine, Stewart, Anna, McMillan, Gillian, Savage, Mary, Beckett, Helen, Moorbey, Chantelle, Desai, Amisha, Brown, Claire, Naker, Kush, Gokani, Karishma, Trinham, Charlotte, Sabine, Charlette, Moore, Sophie, Hurdover, Steve, Justice, Edwin, Stone, Megan, Plested, Emma, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, White, Rachel, Robinson, Hannah, Turnbull, Iain, Morshead, Gertraud, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, Smith, Catherine, Li, Grace, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, Bibi, Sagida, Singh, Michael, Champaneri, Trishna, Irwin, Margaret, Khan, Mohammed, Kownacka, Alicia, Nabunjo, Martha, Osuji, Carol, Hladkiwskyj, John, Galvin, Dominic, Patel, Gita, Grierson, Jacques, Males, Samantha, Askoolam, Krishna, Barry, Joshua, Mouland, Johanna, Longhurst, Beverley, Moon, Maria, Giddins, Beth, Pereira Dias Alves, Carlota, Richmond, Leah, Minnis, Christine, Baryschpolec, Sonia, Elliott, Scott, Fox, Lauren, Graham, Victoria, Baker, Natalie, Godwin, Kerry, Buttigieg, Karen, Knight, Chanice, Brown, Phillip, Lall, Paminder, Shaik, Imam, Chiplin, Emily, Brunt, Emily, Leung, Stephanie, Allen, Lauren, Thomas, Steve, Fraser, Sara, Choi, Bea, Gouriet, Jade, Perkins, Jonathan, Gowland, Andrew, Macdonald, Jonathan, Seenan, John Paul, Starinskij, Igor, Seaton, Andrew, Peters, Erica, Singh, Stephen, Gardside, Ben, Bonnaud, Avril, Davies, Ceri, Gordon, Elizabeth, Keenan, Samantha, Hall, Jane, Wilkins, Suzanne, Tasker, Suzanne, James, Rob, Seath, Ingrid, Littlewood, Kelly, Newman, Joseph, Boubriak, Iryna, Suggitt, Debbie, Haydock, Helen, Bennett, Sara, Woodyatt, Wiesia, Hughes, Kerry, Bell, Judith, Coughlan, Tricia, van Welsenes, Donald, Kamal, Mohammed, Cooper, Chris, Tunstall, Simon, Ronan, Nicholas, Cutts, Rebecca, Dare, Tracey, Yim, Yee Ting Nicole, Whittley, Sarah, Hamal, Shama, Ricamara, Marivic, Adams, Kirsty, Baker, Holly, Driver, Kimberley, Turner, Nicola, Rawlins, Todd, Roy, Subarna, Merida-Morillas, Marta, Sakagami, Yukari, Andrews, Antonette, Goncalvescordeiro, Lillian, Stokes, Matthew, Ambihapathy, Wythehi, Spencer, Joanne, Parungao, Nina, Berry, Lisa, Cullinane, James, Presland, Laura, Ross Russell, Amy, Warren, Sarah, Baker, Jonathan, Oliver, Abigail, Buadi, Amanda, Lee, Kim, Haskell, Louise, Romani, Rossana, Bentley, Ian, Whitbred, Tim, Fowler, Simon, Gavin, John, Magee, Alan, Watson, Tara, Nightingale, Kari, Marius, Phedra, Summerton, Eloise, Locke, Emily, Honey, Thomas, Lingwood, Aidan, de la Haye, Anastasia, Elliott, Ryan Stephen, Underwood, Karen, King, Mikayala, Davies-Dear, Sharon, Horsfall, Emily, Chalwin, Olivia, Burton, Holly, Edwards, Christopher J, Welham, Benjamin, Appleby, Kim, Dineen, Emily, Garrahy, Sarah, Hall, Fran, Ladikou, Eleni, Mullan, Dee, Hansen, Daniel, Campbell, Marion, Dos Santos, Filipa, Lakeman, Nicki, Branney, Debbie, Vamplew, Luke, Hogan, Alison, Frankham, Jorden, Wiselka, Martin, Vail, Denny, Wenn, Victoria, Renals, Valerie, Ellis, Kate, Lewis-Taylor, Jessica, Habash-Bailey, Haniah, Magan, Javier, and Hardy, Anna

Published
2022
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16. Gender influences on cannabis use among treatment-seeking adults: a qualitative study.

Author

Wright, Madison, Matheson, Justin, Watson, Tara Marie, Sproule, Beth, Le Foll, Bernard, and Brands, Bruna

Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse prevention, DRUG abuse prevention, GENDER identity, QUALITATIVE research, SEX distribution, INTERVIEWING, MASCULINITY, HELP-seeking behavior, REFLEXIVITY, THEMATIC analysis, HARM reduction, CANNABIS (Genus), INTERPERSONAL relations, DISEASE progression, SOCIAL stigma, DRUG abusers, ADULTS
Abstract

Background: Gender differences in cannabis use, related harms, and in the development and progression of cannabis use disorder have been reported. Better understanding and identifying why these differences exist is important in developing and tailoring prevention and treatment approaches. Methods: This qualitative interview study explored influences of gender on cannabis use trajectories. Twenty-three adults (10 cisgender women, 12 cisgender men, 1 non-binary person) who had received treatment for cannabis-related problems were asked about the relationship between their gender and cannabis experiences. Results: Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop five themes. First, many participants seemingly did not perceive a strong relationship between their gender and cannabis use. Second, men's cannabis use was impacted by masculinity facilitating the initiation and escalation of use, while simultaneously acting as a barrier to seeking treatment. Third, men's motivations for using cannabis were almost always reported to be recreational, which is likely linked to men's use being more normative. Fourth, almost all women reportedly used cannabis to cope, especially with mental health problems. Fifth, social relationships and gender dynamics constrained women's cannabis use, particularly where many felt pressured into seeking treatment due to increased stigma for women who use cannabis. Conclusions: Our findings revealed gender differences in cannabis use trajectories, including treatment seeking, barriers, and facilitators, emphasizing the importance of developing gender-specific approaches for reducing cannabis-related harms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Safety Net Program Interactions and Impacts on Low-Income Families

Author

Schmidt, Lucie, Shore-Sheppard, Lara, and Watson, Tara

Subjects
Family, Business, general, Business, Economics
Abstract

The US safety net is a patchwork of interacting programs providing cash and in-kind transfers to low-income individuals and families. Our research investigates how these programs interact with one another [...]

Published
2021

18. Safety and immunogenicity of seven COVID-19 vaccines as a third dose (booster) following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK (COV-BOOST): a blinded, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial

Author

Riordan, Andrew, Ustianowski, Andrew, Rogers, Chris A, Hughes, Stephen, Longshaw, Laura, Stockport, Jane, Hughes, Rachel, Grundy, Lynne, Tudor Jones, Lona, Guha, Arpan, Snashall, Emma, Eadsforth, Tom, Reeder, Sally, Storton, Kim, Munusamy, Malathi, Tandy, Bridget, Egbo, Akamino, Cox, Stephen, Ahmed, Nabeela Nazir, Shenoy, Anil, Bousfield, Rachel, Wixted, Donna, Gutteridge, Helen, Mansfield, Becky, Herbert, Christopher, Holliday, Kyra, Calderwood, James, Barker, Dominique, Brandon, Jacqueline, Tulloch, Hayley, Colquhoun, Suzie, Thorp, Helen, Radford, Helen, Evans, Julie, Baker, Helena, Thorpe, Jeanette, Batham, Sally, Hailstone, Jessica, Phillips, Rachael, Kumar, Dileep, Westwell, Fran, Makia, Fiona, Hopkins, NinaSimone, Barcella, Lara, Mpelembue, Mushiya, dabagh, Maja, lang, Matilda, khan, Farida, Adebambo, Olumide, Chita, Sunder, Corrah, Tumena, Whittington, Ashley, John, Laurence, Roche, Siobhan, Wagstaff, Lynda, Farrier, Adam, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Serafimova, Teona, Nanino, Elisa, Cooney, Enya, Wilson-Goldsmith, Jaimie, Nguyen, Hanna, Mazzella, Andrea, Jackson, Beth, Aslam, Suahil, Bawa, Tanveer, Broadhead, Samantha, Farooqi, Sadaf, Piper, Jo, Weighell, Rowena, Pickup, Lorinda, Shamtally, Djamila, Domingo, Jason, Kourampa, Evgenia, Hale, Colin, Gibney, Jennifer, Stackpoole, Michael, Rashid-Gardner, Zalina, Lyon, Rebecca, McDonnell, Chloe, Cole, Christine, Stewart, Anna, McMillan, Gillian, Savage, Mary, Beckett, Helen, Moorbey, Chantelle, Desai, Amisha, Brown, Claire, Naker, Kush, Qureshi, Ehsaan, Trinham, Charlotte, Sabine, Charlotte, Moore, Sophie, Hurdover, Steve, Justice, Edwin, Smith, David, Plested, Emma, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, White, Rachel, Robinson, Hannah, Cifuentes, Liliana, Morshead, Gertraud, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, Kinch, Patrick, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A., Bibi, Sagida, Stuart, Arabella SV, Shaw, Robert H, Singh, Michael, Champaneri, Trishna, Irwin, Margaret, Khan, Mohammed, Kownacka, Alicja, Nabunjo, Martha, Osuji, Carool, Hladkiwskyj, John, Galvin, Dominic, Patel, Gita, Mouland, Johanna, Longhurst, Beverley, Moon, Maria, Giddins, Beth, Pereira Dias Alves, Carlota, Richmond, Leah, Minnis, Christine, Baryschpolec, Sonia, Elliott, Scott, Fox, Lauren, Graham, Victoria, Baker, Natalie, Godwin, Kerry, Buttigieg, Karren, Knight, Chanice, Brown, Phillip, Lall, Paminder, Shaik, Imam, Chiplin, Emily, Brunt, Emily, Leung, Stephanie, Allen, Lauren, Thomas, Steve, Fraser, Sara, Choi, Bea, Gouriet, Jade, Freedman, Andrew, Perkins, Jonathan, Gowland, Andrew, Macdonald, Jonathan, Seenan, John Paul, Starinskij, Igor, Seaton, Andrew, Peters, Erica, Singh, Stephen, Gardside, Ben, Bonnaud, Avril, Davies, Ceri, Gordon, Elizabeth, Keenan, Samantha, Hall, Jane, Wilkins, Suzanne, Tasker, Suzanne, James, Rob, Seath, Ingrid, Littlewood, Kelly, Newman, Joseph, Boubriak, Iryna, Suggitt, Debbie, Haydock, Helen, Bennett, Sara, Woodyatt, Wiesia, Hughes, Kerry, Bell, Judith, Coughlan, Tricia, van Welsenes, Donald, Kamal, Mohammed, Cooper, Chris, Tunstall, Simon, Ronan, Nicholas, Cutts, Rebecca, Dare, Tracey, Yim, Yee Ting Nicole, Whittley, Sarah, Ricamara, Marivic, Hamal, Shama, Adams, Kirsty, Baker, Holly, Driver, Kimberley, Turner, Nicola, Rawlins, Todd, Roy, Subarna, Merida-Morillas, Marta, Sakagami, Yukari, Andrews, Antonette, Goncalves cordeiro, Lillian, Stokes, Matthew, Ambihapathy, Wythehi, Spencer, Joanne, Parungao, Nina, Berry, Lisa, Cullinane, James, Presland, Laura, Ross-Russell, Amy, Warren, Sarah, Baker, Jonathan, Oliver, Abigail, Buadi, Amanda, Lee, Kim, Haskell, Louise, Romani, Rossana, Bentley, Ian, Whitbred, Tim, Fowler, Simon, Gavin, John, Magee, Alan, Watson, Tara, Nightingale, Kari, Marius, Phedra, Summerton, Eloise, Locke, Emily, Honey, Thomas, Lingwood, Aidan, de la Haye, Anastasia, Elliott, Ryan Stephen, Underwood, Karen, King, Mikayala, Davies-Dear, Sharon, Horsfall, Emily, Chalwin, Olivia, Burton, Holly, Edwards, Christopher J, Welham, Benjamin, Garrahy, Sarah, Hall, Fran, Ladikou, Eleni, Mullan, Dee, Hansen, Daniel, Campbell, Marion, Dos Santos, Filipa, Habash-Bailey, Haniah, Lakeman, Nicki, Branney, Debbie, Vamplew, Luke, Hogan, Alison, Frankham, Jorden, Wiselka, Martin, Vail, Dennyl, Wenn, Victoria, Renals, Valerie, Ellis, Kate, Lewis-Taylor, Jessica, Magan, Javier, Hardy, Anna, Appleby, Kim, Munro, Alasdair P S, Janani, Leila, Cornelius, Victoria, Aley, Parvinder K, Babbage, Gavin, Baxter, David, Bula, Marcin, Cathie, Katrina, Chatterjee, Krishna, Dodd, Kate, Enever, Yvanne, Gokani, Karishma, Goodman, Anna L, Green, Christopher A, Harndahl, Linda, Haughney, John, Hicks, Alexander, van der Klaauw, Agatha A, Kwok, Jonathan, Lambe, Teresa, Libri, Vincenzo, Llewelyn, Martin J, McGregor, Alastair C, Minassian, Angela M, Moore, Patrick, Mughal, Mehmood, Mujadidi, Yama F, Murira, Jennifer, Osanlou, Orod, Osanlou, Rostam, Owens, Daniel R, Pacurar, Mihaela, Palfreeman, Adrian, Pan, Daniel, Rampling, Tommy, Regan, Karen, Saich, Stephen, Salkeld, Jo, Saralaya, Dinesh, Sharma, Sunil, Sheridan, Ray, Sturdy, Ann, Thomson, Emma C, Todd, Shirley, Twelves, Chris, Read, Robert C, Charlton, Sue, Hallis, Bassam, Ramsay, Mary, Andrews, Nick, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, Snape, Matthew D, Liu, Xinxue, and Faust, Saul N

Published
2021
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20. Participant Fraud in Virtual Qualitative Substance Use Research: Recommendations and Considerations for Detection and Prevention Based on a Case Study.

Author

Wright, Madison, Matheson, Justin, Watson, Tara Marie, Sproule, Beth, Le Foll, Bernard, and Brands, Bruna

Subjects
SUBSTANCE abuse prevention, SUBSTANCE abuse, QUALITATIVE research, INTERVIEWING, HUMAN research subjects, DRUG use testing, MEDICAL research, DECEPTION, FRAUD, COVID-19 pandemic
Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated and amplified the use of virtual research methods. While online research has several advantages, it also provides greater opportunity for individuals to misrepresent their identities to fraudulently participate in research for financial gain. Participant deception and fraud have become a growing concern for virtual research. Reports of deception and preventative strategies have been discussed within online quantitative research, particularly survey studies. Though, there is a dearth of literature surrounding these issues pertaining to qualitative studies, particularly within substance use research. Results: In this commentary, we detail an unforeseen case study of several individuals who appeared to deliberately misrepresent their identities and information during participation in a virtual synchronous qualitative substance use study. Through our experiences, we offer strategies to detect and prevent participant deception and fraud, as well as challenges to consider when implementing these approaches. Conclusions: Without general awareness and protective measures, the integrity of virtual research methods remains vulnerable to inaccuracy. As online research continues to expand, it is essential to proactively design innovative solutions to safeguard future studies against increasingly sophisticated deception and fraud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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43. 'Drugs Don't Have Age Limits': The Challenge of Setting Age Restrictions for Supervised Injection Facilities

Author

Watson, Tara Marie, Strike, Carol, Gillian, Kolla, Penn, Rebecca, and Bayoumi, Ahmed M.

Abstract

Aims: People under age 18 who inject drugs represent a population at risk of health and social harms. Age restrictions at harm reduction programmes often formally exclude this population, but the reason behind such restrictions is lacking in the literature. To help fill this gap, we examine the perspectives of people who use drugs and various other stakeholders regarding whether supervised injection facilities (SIFs) should have age restrictions. Methods: Interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 95 people who use drugs and 141 other stakeholders (including police, fire and emergency services personnel, other city employees and officials, healthcare providers, residents and business representatives) in two Canadian cities without SIFs. Findings: We highlight the following thematic areas: mixed opinions regarding specific age restrictions; safety as a priority; different experiences and understandings of youth, agency and drug use; and ideas regarding maturity, ''help'' and other approaches. We note throughout that a familiar vulnerability--agency dichotomy often surfaced in the discussions. Conclusions: This paper contributes new empirical insights regarding youth access to SIFs. We offer considerations that may inform discussions occurring in other jurisdictions debating SIF implementation and may help remove or clarify age-related policies for harm reduction programmes.

Published
2015
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