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5. Rule-Directed Interactive Transaction Agents: An Approach to Knowledge Acquisition.

Author

Rand Corp., Santa Monica, CA. and Waterman, D. A.

Abstract

This report describes the development of computer programs called user agents, which, through interaction with users, can either learn new facts and store them in a data base or learn new procedures for data manipulation and represent them as programs. These programs are written in RITA, the Rule-directed Interactive Transaction Agent system, and are organized as sets of IF-THEN rules or "production systems." The programs are able to act as "personal computer agents" to perform a variety of tasks. Four types of RITA agents are (1) an exemplary programing agent that watches a user perform an arbitrary series of operations on the computer and then writes a program (a new RITA agent) to perform the same task; (2) a self-modifying agent that performs ARPAnet file-transfer tasks for the user, modifying itself so that each subsequent time it performs the task, it can do so with less help from the user; (3) a tutoring agent that watches an expert demonstrate the use of an interactive computer language or local operating system and then creates a teaching agent that can help naive users become familiar with the language or system demonstrated by the expert; and (4) a reactive-message creating agent that elicits text from a user (the sender) and uses it to create a new RITA agent which is a reactive message; the reactive message is then sent to some other user (the recipient), who interacts with it; and during the course of the interaction, a record of the recipient's responses is sent back to the sender. (Author/CMV)

Published
1978

12. Aging and memory for dreams

Author

Waterman, D.

Subjects
Aging -- Influence, Memory -- Research, Dreams -- Research, Recollection (Psychology) -- Models, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

This study investigated the influence of aging on memory for home dreams and the extent to which cognitive variables such as visual memory, visuospatial IQ, and verbal IQ could account for possible differences herein. Subjects were 80 men and women of ages 45 to 75 years. Memory for dreams was measured by narrative length and frequency of recall. With respect to both measures no significant age differences were noted. Over-all differences in dream recall seemed best explainted by visual memory scores. Partial correlational analyses, however, indicated that the small age differences in dream recall could not be accounted for by differential scores on visual memory or on any of the other cognitive variables. Dream contents were scored for aggression, friendliness, emotion, activities, and the number of characters and objects. The incidence of emotions among women appeared to be lower beyond the age of 60. Comparisons with previous data for young adults indicated that large reductions in aggression, friendliness, and emotion occur before the age of 45.

Published
1991

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