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To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01541.x Byline: C. JOSH DONLAN (*[dagger]), DANA K. WINGFIELD ([double dagger]), LARRY B. CROWDER (s.), CHRIS WILCOX ([paragraph]) Keywords: conservation planning; expert bias; expert elicitation; prioritization; species recovery; threat assessment Abstract: Abstract: Little is known about how specific anthropogenic hazards affect the biology of organisms. Quantifying the effect of regional hazards is particularly challenging for species such as sea turtles because they are migratory, difficult to study, long lived, and face multiple anthropogenic threats. Expert elicitation, a technique used to synthesize opinions of experts while assessing uncertainty around those views, has been in use for several decades in the social science and risk assessment sectors. We conducted an internet-based survey to quantify expert opinion on the relative magnitude of anthropogenic hazards to sea turtle populations at the regional level. Fisheries bycatch and coastal development were most often ranked as the top hazards to sea turtle species in a geographic region. Nest predation and direct take followed as the second and third greatest threats, respectively. Survey results suggest most experts believe sea turtles are threatened by multiple factors, including substantial at-sea threats such as fisheries bycatch. Resources invested by the sea turtle community, however, appear biased toward terrestrial-based impacts. Results from the survey are useful for conservation planning because they provide estimates of relative impacts of hazards on sea turtles and a measure of consensus on the magnitude of those impacts among researchers and practitioners. Our survey results also revealed patterns of expert bias, which we controlled for in our analysis. Respondents with no experience with respect to a sea turtle species tended to rank hazards affecting that sea turtle species higher than respondents with experience. A more-striking pattern was with hazard-based expertise: the more experience a respondent had with a specific hazard, the higher the respondent scored the impact of that hazard on sea turtle populations. Bias-controlled expert opinion surveys focused on threatened species and their hazards can help guide and expedite species recovery plans. Abstract (Spanish): Utilizacion de Encuestas de Opinion de Expertos para Clasificar Amenazas a Especies en Peligro: un Caso de Estudio con Tortugas Marinas Resumen: Se sabe poco sobre como ciertos riesgos antropogenicos afectan la biologia de organismos. La cuantificacion del efecto de riesgos regionales es particularmente desafiante para especies como las tortugas marinas porque son migratorias, dificiles de estudiar, longevas y enfrentan multiples amenazas antropogenicas. La respuesta de expertos, una tecnica utilizada para sintetizar las opiniones de expertos y evaluar la incertidumbre en torno a esas opiniones, ha estado en uso por varias decadas en las ciencias sociales y sectores de evaluacion de riesgos. Aplicamos una encuesta basada en internet para cuantificar la opinion de expertos sobre la magnitud relativa de los riesgos antropogenicos de poblaciones de tortugas marinas a nivel regional. La captura incidental y el desarrollo costero fueron clasificados mas a menudo como los mayores riesgos para las especies de tortugas marinas en una region geografica. La depredacion de nidos y la captura directa fueron la segunda y tercera amenaza mas grande, respectivamente. Los resultados de la encuesta sugieren que la mayoria de los expertos consideran que las tortugas estan amenazadas por factores multiples incluyendo riesgos sustanciales en el mar, como la captura incidental por las pesquerias. Sin embargo, los recursos invertidos para la comunidad de tortugas marinas estan sesgados hacia impactos con base terrestre. Los resultados de la encuesta son utiles para la planificacion de la conservacion porque proporcionan estimaciones de los impactos relativos de los riesgos sobre tortugas marinas y una medida del consenso sobre la magnitud de estos impactos entre investigadores y practicantes. Nuestros resultados tambien revelaron los patrones del sesgo de expertos, que fue controlado en nuestro analisis. Los encuestados sin experiencia respecto a una especie de tortuga tendieron a clasificar los riesgos afectando a esa especie mas alto que los encuestados con experiencia. Un patron mas revelador fue la pericia basada en riegos: a mayor experiencia con un riesgo especifico de un encuestado, mayor era la clasificacion del impacto de ese riesgo sobre las poblaciones de tortugas marinas. Las encuestas, con control de sesgos, de opinion de expertos enfocadas en especies amenazadas y sus riesgos pueden ayudar a guiar y agilizar los planes de recuperacion de especies. Author Affiliation: (*)Advanced Conservation Strategies, P.O. Box 1201, Midway, Utah 84049, U.S.A., emailjdonlan@advancedconservaton.org ([dagger])Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, U.S.A. ([double dagger])Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A. (s.)Duke Center for Marine Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, U.S.A. ([paragraph])CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Article History: Paper submitted November 24, 2008; revised manuscript accepted March 10, 2010.

Dental markers have been used to unravel particularities of paleodiet, subsistence, social structure, and health. This article aims to compare oral pathology among four pre-Columbian groups with different degrees of agricultural and socio-cultural development but comparable ecological conditions who lived on the coastal desert of Peru. Three of these groups are assigned to distinct phases of the Formative Period (2500-1 BC), a time critical for our understanding of the development of agriculture and social complexity. The fourth group corresponds to the Late Intermediate Period (1000-1470 AD), when agriculture had its apogee and society was highly stratified. In this study we test whether there is an increase (1) in the frequency of carious lesions and (2) in caries depth, and (3) if there is a shift from occlusal to extra-occlusal caries locations with the development of agriculture. Therefore, we analyze the frequencies of carious lesions and antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), the caries distributions by age, sex, and type of tooth, as well as the tissues affected by, and the location of the carious lesions. Since there are no significant differences in the frequencies of carious lesions and AMTL between the groups, we reject hypothesis 1. In contrast, caries depth does increase, and caries location changes from occlusal to extra-occlusal sites with agricultural development. However, we can only corroborate hypothesis 2 and 3 when taking into consideration dental wear. Thus, we recommend that caries depth and locations should be used with evaluations of dental wear to reconstruct subsistence in ancient populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 143:75-91, 2010. KEY WORDS caries frequency; caries locations; caries depth; subsistence patterns DOI 10.1002/ajpa.21296

The creation of the Viaduct Harbour in Auckland is believed to represent a third-wave, new-build gentrification in New Zealand. The nature of urban change in New Zealand is reviewed while that character of waterfront development in Auckland is examined.

In Ireland 'commonage' refers to lands jointly owned by several individuals who have grazing rights. Commonage can provide the low-intensity grazing regime regarded as optimal for habitat conservation, and it is also unlikely to suffer the negative impacts of building development or coastal engineering. Today, however, the traditional control systems of coastal commonage are generally moribund, leading to habitat degradation. The only viable future management model is likely to be one based on local community control. Community management would have the legitimacy to counter the negative perceptions of external authority that generate environmental degradation. KEY WORDS: Ireland, dune commonage, degradation, conservation, community management

This paper explores issues of urban governance through a case study of a major, waterfront regeneration project in an English city (Bristol). The first part of the paper sets the development of this project within the broader theoretical context of urban regime theory and changing structures of governance in the city. The paper then outlines the attempts to build a city-wide consensus in Bristol around a viable development project in a situation marked by strongly conflicting views and contrasting visions of urban space. Political and planning processes are explored in some detail to identify the strengths and weaknesses of local governance structures. The paper concludes with some comments on the relevance of the case study for debates on urban regime theory.

Australia's waterfront dispute is the worst industrial confrontation since the pilot's strike and SEQEB dispute. The government has experienced major setback but are determined to reform the waterfront. This reform involves delivering a productive, competitive, and successful waterfront toward economic success.

This paper presents preliminary analysis of a larger study examining the re-making of the Port Adelaide waterfront. It offers insights into the way the processes of urban entrepreneurialism endeavour to appropriate and transform landscapes by building on a particular heritage of place while simultaneously dismantling this image to recreate an alternative form. The proposal to refashion the Port's waterfront into a lifestyle and tourist destination will dramatically transform the current socio-spatial organisation of working and community life as perceived and valued by those local communities currently living in and around the Port area. The removal of a small group of boatyard operators from the inner-harbour, as part of the redevelopment, is symbolic of local concern of the potential loss of a particular way of working and community life that is steeped in history, heritage and class and is particular and peculiar to the Port Adelaide waterfront. The findings support the view that the process of urban entrepreneurialism in the re-imaging of place is transformative, selective and exclusive.

A delivery vehicle has been created to co-ordinate the redevelopment of Edinburgh's waterfront. Edinburgh Forthside, launched last week, will oversee developments outlined in the Leith Docks development framework, approved by [...]

Developers are being sought to help deliver the renewal of Southampton's Woolston Riverside site. Up to 1,500 homes and 60,000m2 of commercial space are planned for the waterfront site, which [...]