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The purpose of this study was to analyze 'sharing' as an operational framework for waterfront industrial heritage revitalization in the context of sustainable urban regeneration. This research study was conducted to better understand the public accessibility of heritage preservation projects in a densely populated waterfront urban area and to determine to what extent heritage could be made available to the general public. We examined the development of industrial heritage along Suzhou Creek, Shanghai, and its process of regeneration. The focus area covered a waterway stretch of 19.2 km and an adjacent land area of 11.7 km2 managed as a single planning entity on both sides of the creek. We analyzed the present preservation practices and discovered a growing desire to increase the historical buildings' visibility in the context of urban regeneration. We argue that 'sharing' can serve as a pivotal framework for sustainable waterfront regeneration, as its implementation can (1) increase the public value of waterfront heritage and (2) incorporate comprehensive objectives, design strategies, evaluation methods, and public participation into the space revitalization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper scrutinizes the evolution of the uses and functions entrusted to the Gustavo Fara holiday camp in the Italian municipality of Chiavari (Genoa) from the 1930s until today. The work analyzes the historical evolution of the building from its construction to the recent revitalization, including the tourism-oriented urban transformation of the western sector of the city’s waterfront, i.e. Preli. In particular, the essay questions the re-signification of the building in relation to its complex history (Fascism, refugee center, and elementary school) and interprets the more recent events that led to the recovery and conversion into apartments and a luxury hotel. The inquiry leads to answering the following research questions: How does the building dialogue with its surroundings? Is the former holiday camp seen as a difficult heritage of the Fascist regime or only as a representative building of twentieth-century rationalist architecture? How did the recovery process take (or fail to take) into consideration the needs of the community?

As a result of doing the Contemporary Projects Design Critique workshop at the Master of Landscape Architecture (UPC), we explore and define a new strategy to analyze and interact with the site of study, which we call Site Vibration Tool. In continuation, we tested the tool through the seaUbarcelona performance at the Port Vell of Barcelona waterfront. We came into a double conclusion. The first one, derivate from the site. Having as a start point, the Barcelona’s 92 strategy of opening the city to the sea, we think over how that strategy has respond those 92 expectations in today’s reality and will transcend in the future of the city’s waterfront, considering the climate change. And in second place, an invitation to enter into our mind. The experience using Site Vibration Tool, we perceive and add tangible and intangible aspects of the place in a landscape proposal, encouraging our colleagues to incorporate it to their practice.

Il Monumento-memoriale a Lampedusa, costruito dall’uomo per essere scolpito dal mare, si configura nel molo Favarolo, ultimo manufatto quando si parte e primo quando si arriva, approdo di migranti, intriso di alta valenza simbolica. Il memoriale si origina dalla relazione tra il naturale e l’artificiale, tra il mare e il porto, per attribuire allo stesso un significato carico di emozioni, di riflessioni e di percezione dei drammi consumati. Il Monumento, a memoria del naufragio del 3 ottobre 2013, riconfigura alla scala urbana il molo, ridisegna lo spazio aperto attraverso nuovi frangiflutti che, oltre alla loro mera funzione tecnica, divengono elementi dal valore scultoreo evocativo, spaziale e temporale in coevoluzione con l’acqua, così da restituire mutevoli immagini e fruizioni.

The urge for urban public space evolved in increasingly dense cities. Tirtonadi Dam Park is a waterfront-designed urban park located on Bengawan Solo riverbank area. To support the activities, adequate infrastructure must be provided. The objective of this study was to assess Tirtonadi Dam Park's service quality as an urban public space and suggest methods to improve it to promote local communities' economic development. The variables—infrastructure, access & linkage, comfort & images, use & activity—were evaluated and compiled into 16 indicators. Based on user perceptions, Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) was employed to determine the performance and importance levels of predetermined variables. The findings demonstrated that vegetation, infrastructure for the disabled, and drainage and water systems all dropped into the "concentrate here" quadrant, necessitating further development to enhance quality and add more supporting facilities. Furthermore, the quality of security, environmental cleanliness, pedestrian paths, recreational facilities, informal sectors, lighting facilities, and transportation lies in the “keep up the good work” quadrant so that they should be maintained. Enhancing waterfront facilities with leisurely and recreational features can increase the number of visitors. Improving urban areas and incorporating the surrounding communities in all phases of development will be crucial, with the potential to enhance their economic circumstances.

This paper examines placemaking and the outcomes of urban design issues in a waterfront area. The fine-grained urban fabric has played an important role in waterfront regeneration schemes globally. Acting towards environmental challenges to provide green spaces has increasingly become a favourable approach since the 2010s. An ideas competition was held in 2020 to address the issues on the waterfront of the Haliç area. The seven semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the competing discourses on each project created by the teams who attempted to deal with the unsolved urban fabric. Making use of a series of semi-structured interviews, this research paper investigates the existence of the urban fabric as a place-shaping continuum in the Halic area.

The purpose of this study was to analyze ‘sharing’ as an operational framework for waterfront industrial heritage revitalization in the context of sustainable urban regeneration. This research study was conducted to better understand the public accessibility of heritage preservation projects in a densely populated waterfront urban area and to determine to what extent heritage could be made available to the general public. We examined the development of industrial heritage along Suzhou Creek, Shanghai, and its process of regeneration. The focus area covered a waterway stretch of 19.2 km and an adjacent land area of 11.7 km2 managed as a single planning entity on both sides of the creek. We analyzed the present preservation practices and discovered a growing desire to increase the historical buildings’ visibility in the context of urban regeneration. We argue that ‘sharing’ can serve as a pivotal framework for sustainable waterfront regeneration, as its implementation can (1) increase the public value of waterfront heritage and (2) incorporate comprehensive objectives, design strategies, evaluation methods, and public participation into the space revitalization process.

This research paper details a part of a case study exploring placemaking activities and the outcomes of urban design issues in a waterfront area. The fine-grained urban fabric has played an important role in waterfront regeneration schemes globally. Governments try to encourage place-based regeneration activities such as design-led and culture-led strategies addressing social and physical issues in several waterfront areas. Acting towards environmental challenges to provide green spaces has increasingly become a favourable approach since the 2010s. An ideas competition was held in 2020 to address this issue on the waterfront of the Haliç area, which is a post-industrial site today. The seven semistructured interviews were conducted to explore the competing discourses on each project created by the teams who attempted to deal with the unsolved urban fabric. In this regard, this paper focuses on the examination of the placemaking activities in a situation where there is no urban fabric, by referring to the help of control variables together with semistructured interviews with academic members of Istanbul Technical University and investigates the existence of the urban fabric as a place shaping continuum in the Halic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: waterfront; New York; Chicago; regional planning; public trust doctrine EN waterfront New York Chicago regional planning public trust doctrine 342 347 6 10/16/23 20231101 NES 231101 Schlichting, Kara M. 2019. The book explains the legal procedures by which the parks commissions financed the landfill and parks in great detail but is unfortunately silent on how the region's traffic engineers hijacked the pleasure dive and transformed it into an expressway. Other property owners, led by department store magnate Montgomery Ward, resisted proposals to place cultural buildings in Grant Park, the centrepiece of Chicago's downtown parks system. Schlichting demonstrates how, in the absence of a city plan, the New York City Parks Commission acted as the initial planning agency for the South Bronx, creating a system of large parks connected by parkways. [Extracted from the article]

The assessment of liquefaction potential after an earthquake is important to understanding earthquake risks to coastal infrastructure, thereby making it a secondary impact of seismic events. Therefore, this research compared liquefaction potential in Labuan Bajo waterfront area using various parameters, with a focus on earthquake return period to gauge liquefaction conditions in different seismic scenarios. Three earthquake scenarios with return period of 50 years, 100 years, and 2500 years were analyzed and used to evaluate potential for liquefaction under varying seismic conditions. A semi-empirical procedure was used to evaluate liquefaction potential in ten boreholes situated along Labuan Bajo waterfront. This assessment considered factors such as the Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) and Cyclic Resistance Ratio (CRR). Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and moment magnitude values were derived from the seismic code provided by the Ministry of Public Works and Housing of Indonesia. Meanwhile, the moment magnitude used for frequent earthquake was determined based on historical earthquake data around Labuan Bajo using Zmap 7.1. The results showed that liquefaction occurred with an SPT (Standard Penetration Test) value of 8, 18 and 31 for 50, 100 and 2500-year return period. When comparing Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) values for each location, it became evident that BH-03 and BH-04 exhibited high values of 38.69 and 39.86, respectively, in the 50-year return period scenario. By using three parameters, the locations with high liquefaction potential can be determined precisely and mitigation can be planned early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Port–city ecosystems face pressing challenges, such as land regeneration and environmental conservation, while striving to foster conscientious governance models among stakeholders. An innovative solution to address these issues lies in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), acknowledged by sustainability frameworks as essential for sustainable urban development. Although ICT is regularly employed by ports for logistics and traffic management, its untapped potential for urban planning is substantial. Starting from studies conducted on port planning and management and the use of ICT as a decision support system, this research seeks to explore the feasibility of devising an innovative model to facilitate deliberative decision-making for the regeneration of port–city interaction areas. This study adopts the InterACT approach to support planning efforts by constructing an open and implementable Geographic Information System (GIS). This approach has been tested on the Port of Naples in Italy to provide the Port System Authority (AdSP) of the Central Tyrrhenian Sea with strategic guidance as part of their efforts to draft a new Port Master Plan. The initial achievements encompass the establishment of an operational database to facilitate stakeholders within the Port, in conjunction with the implementation of a deliberative decision-making process enriched by ICT. Additionally, a tool was devised to seamlessly combine visualization and spatial data integration, thus fostering engagement and collaboration between port and urban stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities worldwide are developing strategies to cope with heat waves, extreme colds, floods, wildfires, hurricanes, earthquakes, droughts, pandemics, and other disasters caused by climate change. To this end, a resilience theory is being expanded and applied as a methodology to secure social and spatial systems that respond to climate change while providing ecological habitats and spaces for more diverse human activities. This study evaluated resilient redevelopment strategies for the Hangang River in Seoul by drawing on practices grounded in resilience theory. This study analyzed the nine proposals from the Resilience by Design Challenge, which aimed to gather response strategies for climate change in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2017 to identify practical physical design and social system strategies. Each team's strategy for implementing urban resilience focused on six categories: governance systems, financial planning, public engagement, accessibility, ecology, and diversity. The guidelines to consider during the redevelopment of the Hangang River in Seoul were formulated by applying these criteria to the review of the river. This process has also yielded the following implications and characteristics for resilient design. First, ensuring the resilience of a city necessitates prioritizing the resolution of regional imbalances. Second, the social and ecological resilience of cities is intricately intertwined. Moreover, comprehending the dynamics between the two can guide effective, resilient design. Third, resilient design's spatial and temporal scales are extensive and varied, highlighting the importance of understanding the relationships among categories and subcategories at different hierarchies. Finally, the value of urban waterfront space, traditionally associated with positive cultural and economic contributions to cities, must be reevaluated more profoundly and meaningfully in light of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If delta and estuary areas are observed under the perspective of a double system of dynamic infrastructures, the object of parallel “water/urbanisation” processes, the interface spaces become key nodes. In this perspective, port and waterfront areas can be described as spaces of mediation. The article argues that in the case of Lisbon and the Tagus, as possibly in several other port cities, these edge spaces can be described as “fluid territories.” The pre-eminent characteristic of “fluid territories” is that they are not permanent, neither in space nor time. These areas present accelerated transformations, less defined boundaries, and an increased spatial and management complexity. Moreover, “fluid territories” also mediate (a) the culture-natural environment, with human action appropriating the natural system through infrastructure and urbanisation, and (b) the industrialised economic estuary, with its continuous updating. To demonstrate this hypothesis, two samples of Lisbon’s riverfront are observed, recording its constant variability over the last 200 years of industrialisation, emphasising the “fluidity” of the mediating spaces. The understanding of the “fluid” characteristic of water/land mediation spaces is relevant for the present. Being dynamic and regularly reinventing spaces, spatial planning, public space, and architectural design processes in “fluid territories” should increasingly seek adaptability, flexibility, and openness to change. In the climatic context of continuous uncertainty combined with the need to make room for infrastructure, rethinking mediation areas through the lens of the theoretical concept of the “fluid territory” enables the implementation of urban transformation processes consistent with contemporary challenges.

The analysis and evaluation of the service capacity of an urban public space is of great importance for optimizing spatial design and ensuring sustainable regeneration of the space. Point-of-interest (POI) data analysis is a common method for evaluating the performance of public space since it contains various geographical information about specific facilities. However, this method is incapable of providing intuitive and clear feedback on the usage of the space, such as visitor experience and satisfaction levels. In this paper, we present a hybrid approach that combines POI data with questionnaire surveys to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the service capacity of the facilities in a waterfront public space. By taking the Changning section of the Suzhou Creek in Shanghai as an example, we evaluate and verify the utilization rate and satisfaction level of public facilities based on this hybrid approach with three satisfaction factors: accessibility, landscape visual quality, and service functions. The results reveal that the service space that can be reached on foot provides the most satisfaction in terms of accessibility, followed by the space that can be reached by bicycle. When it comes to landscape visual quality, visitors are more concerned with the view around the facility than with the greenery. Regarding service functions, the service facility with beverage outlets, fitness, and small gatherings is more appealing. The proposed approach will be useful for further developing advanced public space evaluation strategies with real-time feedback capabilities, as well as for the intelligent design and long-term regeneration of future public spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waterfront intervention, as one of the post-industrial reuse paradigms, has flourished around the world and been studied as a global phenomenon. This paper investigates the application of a dual adaptive reuse strategy to industrial heritage waterfront buildings and explores its social significance. The case study is of the West Bund, a waterfront renovation in Shanghai, China. Insights are drawn from the qualitative research approach of triangulation, with evidence derived from document sources, archival records, direct participants and semi-structured interviews. This paper examines a series of galleries and landscapes created from former industrial buildings and facilities along the Huangpu River. It concludes that the West Bund exemplifies a dual strategy of adaptive reuse: art-led and landscape-led building reuse. This dual strategy can be viewed as an endeavour to balance urban gentrification and publicness in the megalopolis. It can also be argued, however, that the dual approach to adaptive reuse is unsustainable within the framework of an entrepreneurial state, and significantly so in the post-epidemic era when economic growth pressure increases. This study contributes to our understanding of the complex nature of industrial heritage in the rapidly shifting landscape of contemporary China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries of the world tend to establish new coastal urban communities that are located on a waterway, where coastal urban areas represent 20% of the total surface of the earth and a large part of people live on them in the major cities located in them and this is due to this trend based on the requirements, activities and jobs that the city needs and according to the nature This is done according to a sustainable reference to preserve renewable resources, save energy and implement sustainable plans, and with the distinction of Egypt with natural water resources and its great potentials that make it compete with the countries of the world in this direction, the Egyptian state has tended to establish a group of new cities, especially cities with waterfront, but the trend Towards the establishment of a large number of cities at the same time - more than 14 new cities - needs a clear methodology that guarantees the sustainability of cities, and the aim of the research is to study the waterfront in Egypt, especially the cities on the Egyptian coast, and focus on a set of strategies that may support and enhance sustainability in new cities, especially The new city of Mansoura, as it is among the new cities that belong to the fourth generation cities that the Egyptian state began to establish since more than 4 years through a study of some points and based on the principles and policies of sustainable planning for cities with a waterfront, such as land uses, taking advantage of the waterfront components, providing housing opportunities, as well as corridors and places for walking, and establishing communities that help preserve nature and preserve open spaces as well as orientation towards sustainable development and revitalization of the façade The water supply, the provision of various means of transportation, and the adoption of economically feasible and implementable development decisions, as well as cooperation between civil society and decision-makers, and ensuring the benefit from the waterfront for all, and then any other coastal city in Egypt

The design of urban spaces, including waterfronts, must consider the flexibility to respond to urban and environmental changes and the continuity that respects the existing urban factors that have determined the essential characteristics of the place. The Hangang River in Seoul, South Korea, has been susceptible to significant changes over the years and has accumulated considerable historical traces and an irrevocable relationship with its urban contexts. On the other hand, as the country experienced rapid development, most urban plans have been executed based on shortsighted perspectives without considering sustainability. This study suggests adaptability as the main driver to achieve sustainability of the urban riverfront by viewing the site condition dichotomously. The components of the site were distinguished as fixed and variable factors. Considering fixed factors, six design intervention types were applied to the site through extensive macroanalysis and correlation studies, and each intervention was proposed to respond to the variable factors of the site. This study proposed four strategies to upgrade the riverfront as an adaptable space. First, five types of waterfronts were introduced with more distinct functions and identities to accommodate various activities. Second, commercial development was introduced to build a stable financial base that could respond to economic fluctuations. Third, the ecological waterfront space was expanded to react to climate change in the long term and achieve the goals of improving the microclimate, biodiversity, and educational function in the short term. Lastly, connective infrastructure was introduced to address the rapidly increasing demand for open space. The significance of this study was twofold. First, the site condition was interpreted more comprehensively by applying a framework for analysis by distinguishing the fixed and variable factors. Second, the strategy presented in this study can be applied to establish a waterfront redevelopment plan in other cities that have a context similar to the Hangang River of Seoul. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows how the bids for the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2016 and 2020 were built on the completion of the Waterfront Sucenter plan from the 1980s. Using a method of analyzing geographical data available on Internet databases, and comparing it with documents produced by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government for the Tokyo harbor, the Olympic urban project appears to be dependent on preexisting patterns of the bids. This paper highlights the importance of deconstructing the narrative of the Tokyo Olympic project by analyzing urban strategies and their dependence on choices made several decades earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates public spaces near urban rivers that contribute to the interaction between natural and urbanized areas and between people from different socio-economic backgrounds. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the environment of the largest urbanized areas of the Czech Republic, through which a large watercourse flows and creates a direct interaction with the city center. To evaluate the state of connectivity and comfort of urban rivers in the Czech Republic, a set of tools was applied to three cities: Prague, České Budějovice, and Hradec Králové. The methodology was created to correspond to the territory of Central Europe and was used for the specific assessment of rivers in four dimensions: (a) the spatial and visual accessibility, (b) the condition of the green corridor, (c) the condition of public space, and (d) the condition of the first built line. The dimensions are expressed using thirteen quantitative indicators of the environmental condition. The methodology uses the Urban River Sustainability Index (URSI), which was necessary to adjust the calculations of the indicators and resources for the Central European area. The best results were found in the central part of Prague and the worst in the peripheral part of Hradec Králové. The results call for the use of connectivity and comfort assessments of urban rivers for comparison, motivation, and future improvement in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years waterfronts have progressively become the focus of local administrations, consultancy agencies, and private developers concerned with public health, city branding, and real estate development. Subsequently, they turned into central stages in which cities and societies can be represented, contested, and inverted. However, many questions remain unanswered concerning their capability to function as counter-spaces in the fast-changing dynamics of citizens' encounters and recreation in global cities. This paper employs mixed methods to examine the context-dependent association between space and behaviours. The comparative analysis of four waterfront parks in Venice, Shenzhen, Hong Kong, and New York sheds light on heterotopic sites' production and use. Two models emerged: transient spaces of compensation and time-accumulating spaces of illusion. Beyond the novel research design, the significance of this study lies in validating Foucauldian-Lefebvrian heterotopology as an authoritative analytical paradigm for a critical interpretation of the urban. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Urban designers are interested while designing waterfront urban space with aesthetic standards and the process of visual perception, which depends only on Vision, while the rest of the human senses (H.S.) are overlooked, regardless of their importance. Thus, this study aims to enable urban designers to achieve better open urban space designs that fit all H.S. for better interaction. In addition, a set of criteria will be created that assist in imagining the design of an open waterfront urban space. Formulating the conceptual framework will be informed by studying different practical examples internationally e.g. London, in the Arab world e.g. Jeddah and and locally e.g. Sharm El-Sheikh in Egypt. This will be combined with field observation, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with people from Fuwwah City, Kafr El Sheikh in Egypt. This framework will attempt to provide a methodology and guidelines to improve the urban image of developing waterfront areas. in general, and Egypt in particular.

Accessing parks without transmitting viruses would ensure not depriving people of parks' health benefits during pandemics. This study attempts to develop a practical tool for park managers to assess the risk of contracting respiratory contagious illnesses, decide on meaningful mitigation measures, and monitor the effect of these measures. The assessment is based on the spatial and temporal behaviors of users at each park open space type (POST), particularly the behaviors that may impact the risk of illness transmission. The researcher created a checklist, including five factors relating to users: physical distancing, density, duration of stay, percentage of users wearing masks, and frequency of surface touch; then, the implementation of the tool was demonstrated by selecting a sample zone from Jeddah waterfront park, Saudi Arabia, while COVID-19 was active. User behavior data were collected at the POSTs of the sample zone, using behavioral mapping and tracking methods. After analyzing the data using ArcGIS Desktop and SPSS Statistics software, the data were used to fill out the composed checklist to assess the risk at POSTs. The findings indicated that the waterfront railing area, playground, and pier were the POSTs with the highest risk. By using the checklist, park managers can contribute to the success of non-pharmaceutical mitigation interventions at a local scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimsto make an effective connection between design and management of coastal urban sites through a specific case study. The waterfront of Elefsina, which recently hosts heavy industrial and maritime uses, is selected as case study. Today the coastal front of Eleusis suffers in terms of its quality characteristics. In order to cope with this problem, this article focuses firstly on the issue and the principles of an integrated approach of coastal areas, which attempts through legislative frameworks to redefine the relationship between land and sea and to reform the role played by the area that intervenes between them. Subsequently, the term of urban regeneration is approached in order to understand how this can lead to an overall restructuring of degraded coastal sites in social, economic and environmental sector. Through the study of urban regeneration practices and integrated management of industrial coastal areas and taking into account those elements that have contributed to a gradual change of the city’s identity, this article proposes measures for an overall consolidation of case study’s waterfront in order to regain its active role for the city and its inhabitants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La falta de planificación y regulación en el crecimiento urbano de la zona de Puerto Bolívar, en la ciudad de Machala, Ecuador, ha llevado a graves problemas ambientales como parte propia de la decadencia y transformación de los waterfronts industriales. En ese contexto, se analizan los aspectos urbanos y ambientales del caso, así como el impacto de las prácticas locales sobre el medioambiente. El estudio demuestra que la afectación ambiental de los esteros que rodean al puerto está ocasionada principalmente por la generación de residuos sólidos y aguas residuales; cambios de uso de suelo; pérdida de nichos ecológicos y la falta de áreas verdes. Todo eso, provocado por el crecimiento urbano no planificado. La investigación tiene como objetivo proponer estrategias de educación ambiental para enfrentar esta falta de planificación. Se establecen lineamientos para una mitigación del impacto ambiental por medio de la remodelación del espacio público, tomando en cuenta las actividades propias de los habitantes del lugar como herramienta estratégica para la intervención urbana. El artículo concluye proponiendo la participación ciudadana como elemento esencial para el diseño y la transformación del waterfronts en espacio público que pueda contribuir verdaderamente para la ciudad. El estudio realizado lanza como resultado que la afectación ambiental de los esteros que rodean al puerto, ya sea esta por generación de residuos sólidos, aguas residuales, desplazamientos de especies, pérdidas de nichos ecológicos, cambios de uso de suelo y la falta de áreas verdes son los principales impactos generados por el crecimiento urbano no planificado. Por lo cual en la segunda etapa de la investigación se establecen lineamientos y medidas estratégicas para una mitigación del impacto ambiental.

The main objective of this research is to study the impact of the new proposed development of Bani-Suif waterfront on Nile River hydraulics, developments include creating a walkway extended in the Nile and open theater which supported by piles inside the Nile. A mathematical simulation using Delft3D was created to represent the new development. Three interconnected grids with different grid sizes were created and then the domain decomposition technique was used to represent piles with small sizes inside the large grid. Model was calibrated using field data such as hydraulic measurements, water levels and discharges. It was concluded that there was no effect of the proposed development on water flow in the main channel of the Nile River except in the places close to the corniche on the west bank at the minimum discharge condition after the implementation of Bani-Suif corniche, which does not affect the sustainability of the project.

Liverpool is an endlessly fascinating, challenging city. It has a grip on people’s imaginations in a way few other cities do – nationally or internationally. During the past century the city went from the second city of the greatest empire the world had ever seen into a post imperial period of economic decline and political despair. But it has emerged Phoenix-like as one of the most significant examples of urban renaissance in the UK. Its story has many lessons for the external world. This paper examines this continuing if incomplete renaissance of Liverpool. It assesses the economic decline that caused its physical, social, and political fragmentation during the 1970s and the many plans since then seeking to revive and reconnect it. It charts the city’s fall in the 1980s, its gradual normalization in the 1990s, its extraordinary success as a European city in the first part of this century and its efforts to remain ambitious in an age of austerity. It identifies the key drivers of change, in particular local, national, and European regeneration initiatives and plans. It asks what needs to be done to continue the renaissance in terms of productivity, place, and people. It examines the current risks to the city in the light of the impact of Brexit, COVID, the loss of UNESCO World Heritage Status as well as its recent political crises and the imposition of Government Commissioners. A key message from the Liverpool story for governments and other cities is that renaissance is possible even in the most difficult circumstances, and that public resources, commitment, and planning have a large part to play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residents of coastal cities have a strong relationship with the waterfront, which people of different ages, types, levels of awareness, and cultural backgrounds use. People of different cultures tend to use these open spaces with various responses. They consider it a lung for them, and practice most of their entertainment and social events with different attitudes. Therefore, municipalities spend a large budget on designing, implementing, and developing these areas. However, sadly, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the local authorities in many cities decided to shut down the city, including the waterfront area. Al Khobar city, Saudi Arabia, was one of the cities had that had a broad lockdown. Consequently, the use of open spaces became dangerous, and municipalities placed many restrictions on using such spaces to control the spread of COVID-19. Residents had no opportunity to use them for exercise, sports, social activities, or even for enjoying the fresh air, negatively influencing their lives at different levels. This research discusses this problem and examines the restoration of the waterfront after the authorities announced a decrease in the status of the hazards of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study will consider returning safely to using the waterfront and allowing it to be accessible to the public, like before the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it will suggest recommendations for the future use of the waterfront in a secure way to prevent the spread of such viruses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Pleasurescapes," also called amusement or entertainment quarters, are public spaces that are constituent for modern cities. They emerged during the period of urbanization and were constantly reshaped and negotiated. "Pleasurescapes" is an analytical concept that describes and reflects the historical, spatial, sociocultural, and infrastructural development of pleasure spaces during the long turn of the century around 1900. This issue explores the particular role of pleasurescapes on waterfronts and in port cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the downtown built environment (downtown waterfronts) and also on individual architectural objects which have an important function in such a space. The quality of the built environment affects its surroundings not only in a physical but also in a social way. To find the most appropriate ways of preventing the occurrence of the built environment pathologies in downtown areas, the study used the diagnostic technique of functional performance understood, among other things, as the ability to satisfy the stakeholders' needs and the impact of stakeholders' actions on their living environment. During the research, a comparative platform was found for the functional performance, the imperative of sustainable development and the ecosystem services of rivers and reservoirs. The investigations resulted in the creation of success indicators illustrated by examples of six voivodeship capital cities in Poland which have the strongest connection with the downtown built environment in waterfront areas, namely: Gdańsk, Szczecin, Warszawa (Warsaw), Kraków (Cracow), Wrocław and Poznań. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Al-Qanater Al-Khayriya is one of the most important heritage cities which located on the Nile River banks in Qalyubia Governorate, which has a distinctive historical architectural character, as its inception dates back to the era of Muhammad Ali Pasha, although it is one of the tourist cities that visitors resort to on holidays and official holidays, in order to take a stroll in its vast gardens that contain rare trees. However, it suffers from a lack of interest in developing the waterfront areas, and also suffers from a lack of interior design elements and furniture in its parks for the cultural identity of the city. Where the research deals with the inductive study of activities and uses of waterfronts in European countries in order to study the extent of the impact of those countries' interest in developing areas bordering water on humans and on tourism. The field study of Al-Qanater Al-Khayriya Nile River Waterfront, and the analysis of it and their gardens interior design elements and furniture, both from the void of the river itself, land spaces extending inside it, land spaces Alignment it and analyzed from the functional and visual aspects, to reach the possibility of the city's waterfronts developing. The principles of interior design elements, street furniture, and the urban character of the city were also studied to study the possibility of designing furnishing elements which have cultural heritage to the River Nile waterfront parks of El Qanater El khayria City. A section of the Nile River was raised in the city, a design proposal has been drawn up to develop this Riverfront by using the interior design elements and furniture that bear the Egyptian and heritage identity of this heritage city. This is to revive the architectural heritage and history of the city through its waterfronts.Key Words:Identity, Waterfront, Interior design, Parks.

The analysis and evaluation of the service capacity of an urban public space is of great importance for optimizing spatial design and ensuring sustainable regeneration of the space. Point-of-interest (POI) data analysis is a common method for evaluating the performance of public space since it contains various geographical information about specific facilities. However, this method is incapable of providing intuitive and clear feedback on the usage of the space, such as visitor experience and satisfaction levels. In this paper, we present a hybrid approach that combines POI data with questionnaire surveys to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the service capacity of the facilities in a waterfront public space. By taking the Changning section of the Suzhou Creek in Shanghai as an example, we evaluate and verify the utilization rate and satisfaction level of public facilities based on this hybrid approach with three satisfaction factors: accessibility, landscape visual quality, and service functions. The results reveal that the service space that can be reached on foot provides the most satisfaction in terms of accessibility, followed by the space that can be reached by bicycle. When it comes to landscape visual quality, visitors are more concerned with the view around the facility than with the greenery. Regarding service functions, the service facility with beverage outlets, fitness, and small gatherings is more appealing. The proposed approach will be useful for further developing advanced public space evaluation strategies with real-time feedback capabilities, as well as for the intelligent design and long-term regeneration of future public spaces.

Urban designers are interested while designing waterfront urban space with aesthetic standards and the process of visual perception, which depends only on Vision, while the rest of the human senses (H.S.) are overlooked, regardless of their importance. Thus, this study aims to enable urban designers to achieve better open urban space designs that fit all H.S. for better interaction. In addition, a set of criteria will be created that assist in imagining the design of an open waterfront urban space. Formulating the conceptual framework will be informed by studying different practical examples internationally e.g. London, in the Arab world e.g. Jeddah and and locally e.g. Sharm El-Sheikh in Egypt. This will be combined with field observation, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with people from Fuwwah City, Kafr El Sheikh in Egypt. This framework will attempt to provide a methodology and guidelines to improve the urban image of developing waterfront areas. in general, and Egypt in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the attractiveness of urban waterfronts has become an important objective to promote economic development and improve the environmental quality. However, few studies have focused on the inherent characteristics of urban waterfront attractiveness. In this study, mobile phone signaling data and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) were used to construct the attractiveness evaluation system of the riverside in Wuhan. The OLS (ordinary least squares) regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the POI (point of interest) and the attractiveness of river waterfronts. Furthermore, the high-or-low-value aggregation classification of research units was performed according to attractiveness and the POI indicators to reveal the influencing factors of the attractiveness of the Wuhan urban riverside. Results showed the following. (1) The high-value distribution of attractiveness of the river waterfronts in Wuhan presented regional aggregation characteristics, and the attractiveness of economically developed areas was high. (2) Consumer POIs (CPOIs) and outdoor recreation POIs (RPOIs) had a positive effect on the attractiveness of the riverside in Wuhan, while housing POIs (HPOIs), public service POIs (OPOIs), and the high degree of POI mixing had a negative impact on the attractiveness of the urban riverside. (3) The high–high agglomeration spaces were mainly concentrated in the economically developed areas of the city center, which are mainly open spaces where urban cultural activities are held, while the low–low agglomeration spaces were mostly gathered in the suburban areas. The spatial distribution of the high–low agglomeration spaces, which are mainly green open spaces, was relatively fragmented, while the low–high agglomeration spaces, which are mainly freight terminals, linear walks, and residential areas, were near the city center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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