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The Indonesian government continues to accelerate the resolution of all problems related to the planning, infrastructure development, and arrangement of tourist visits, including the arrangement of parking spaces and commercial areas in the Borobudur temple area. The purpose of this study is to develop a waste management system in the parking and commercial areas of Kujon as an alternative to structuring the Borobudur temple area. The research method is a descriptive-qualitative observational approach. Surface water and groundwater examinations are carried out in laboratories and compared with quality criteria determined by the Indonesian government. Toxic and hazardous waste is stored in temporary facilities until it is collected by a company licensed by the Indonesian environmental ministry. The Shannon-Wiener Plankton and Benthos Diversity Index measures the diversity of organisms in a community. The study's findings highlight the need to establish a waste processing facility based on the reduction, reuse, and recycling principles. Waste will be collected at a certain site and stored temporarily in line with the technical instructions for the Minister of Environment and Forestry's Regulation. The findings of surface water and groundwater studies demonstrate that all measured parameters continue to meet the Indonesian government's quality thresholds. Plankton Bioindicator Measurements: Plankton diversity index values range from 1.040 to 1.943, indicating moderate pollution, while benthos values range from 0.811 to 0.918, indicating weakly to moderately contaminated conditions. Sustainable environmental management is critical and should serve as a baseline for environmental quality in the activity area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste management involves the systematic collection, transportation, processing, and treatment of waste materials generated by human activities. It entails a variety of strategies and technologies to diminish environmental impacts, protect public health, and conserve resources. Consequently, providing an effective and comprehensive optimization approach plays a critical role in minimizing waste generation, maximizing recycling and reuse, and safely disposing of waste. This work develops a novel Possibilistic Multi-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (PMOMILP) model in order to formulate the problem and design a circular–sustainable–reliable waste management network, under uncertainty. The possibility of recycling and recovery are considered across incineration and disposal processes to address the main circular-economy principles. The objectives are to address sustainable development throughout minimizing the total cost, minimizing the environmental impact, and maximizing the reliability of the Waste Management System (WMS). The Lp-metric technique is then implemented into the model to tackle the multi-objectiveness. Several benchmarks are adapted from the literature in order to validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, and are treated by CPLEX solver/GAMS software in less than 174.70 s, on average. Moreover, a set of sensitivity analyses is performed to appraise different scenarios and explore utilitarian managerial implications and decision aids. It is demonstrated that the configured WMS network is highly sensitive to the specific time period wherein the WMS does not fail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improper handling of waste in the agricultural sector of the economy leads to significant financial losses and harmful effects on the environment and human health. The purpose of the study is to substantiate scientific and methodological provisions and develop practical recommendations for the formation of a production waste management system in the agrarian sector of the economy based on the effective use of resources and stable and sufficient financing of the sector. In the process of research, the authors used such general scientific methods as system analysis; comparative analysis; abstract-logical; as well as tabular and graphic as a type of special methods. The paper analyzes a number of indicators regarding the amount of agricultural production waste generated, including waste of I-IV hazard classes and agricultural production waste by material categories; the danger of these wastes both for the environment due to contamination of soil, water bodies, etc., and for the population living in the given territory is substantiated. Based on the conducted research, it was determined that the main method of handling agricultural waste in Ukraine is disposal, which does not contribute to effective waste management; an assessment of the volume of investments directed to environmental protection by types of environmental protection measures and investments in environmental protection in the agrarian sector of the economy is given, and it is determined that the problems of inefficient waste management are also related to insufficient funding of both the agricultural sector and the field of ecology. Based on the generalization of the experience of European countries regarding waste management methods, methods of handling them and sources of investment in the agricultural production sector and environmental protection, directions for effective waste management are proposed: prevention of waste generation as the simplest method of management, ensuring compliance with the rules and conditions of agricultural waste management, sorting and separating waste from the agrarian sector of the economy by materials, timely disposal of agricultural waste, strengthening control and increasing the level of responsibility for violations of waste legislation, financial support for activities in the field of waste management; formation of the environmental behaviour of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantifying the environmental impacts of a household waste‐sorting policy on the household waste management system, including collection, transportation, and treatment, is the basis for evaluating the policy's effectiveness. Beijing, the capital of China, began to implement the mandatory domestic waste‐sorting policy in May 2020. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the environmental impacts of the household waste management system in Beijing before and after implementing the sorting policy using the life cycle assessment method. Implementing the policy at the waste collection stage reduced the environmental impacts by minimizing the number of garbage bins consumed through their removal and consolidation. At the transportation stage, implementing the policy increased the environmental impacts per unit of waste via transportation structure changes. However, the overall impact was reduced because more recyclable materials were separated after waste sorting. The environmental impacts were reduced after implementing the policy at the treatment stage mainly because of the change in waste composition and the decrease in the total volume of treatment. Global warming potential (GWP) was the main contributor to the environmental impacts. After waste sorting, the GWP of the collection, transportation, and treatment stages decreased by −19.96%, −24.36%, and −38.08%, respectively, resulting in a total GWP reduction of −37.90%. However, incineration and biochemical treatments may offer environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing population and rapid urbanization are significant challenges for Indian cities. Pune City generates nearly 2,258 tonnes of waste per day. Pune's informal waste sector has demonstrated remarkable efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and self-sustainability. Moreover, it contributes to favorable economic and social outcomes for the city. With the support of the self-help group SWaCH Seva Sahakari Sanstha Maryadit, Pune, the municipal solid waste management model has successfully achieved a remarkable 95 percent segregation rate. Implementing the Pune municipal solid waste management model showcases the active and efficient engagement of informal waste workers in the collection and resource utilization process. This underscores the possibility of favorable economic, social, and environmental results stemming from collaborations between municipalities and waste pickers. This paper looks at the role of SWaCH in line with Pune Municipal Corporation towards the present waste management system. Primarily reliant on labor, this model accomplishes recycling tasks at a notably lower cost compared to conventional mechanized and centralized waste management approaches. It can also accomplish high recycling levels and relatively considerable plastic waste segregation. Promoting the retrieval of valuable materials, especially plastics, for local and global recycling enterprises actively contributes to the advancement of a circular urban waste management approach. The objective of this research is to explore and provide a realistic understanding of Pune's current status of waste generation, collection, transportation, and disposal. Apart from the SwaCH-PMC model, the paper also focuses on plastic waste recycling, the Red Dot Campaign towards sanitary waste, and household e-waste management in Pune. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid waste management system in Mzuzu City is a growing concern due to its inefficiency and the resulting effect of accumulation of solid waste. In light of this environmental challenge, a study was conducted to assess the system's effectiveness. Through a mixed methods approach and random sampling, 400 respondents from 5 different areas of the city of Mzuzu were selected to provide comprehensive and unbiased responses. It was found that both the public and private sectors lack a complete commitment to sustainable waste management, citing reasons such as limited knowledge on recycling benefits, inadequate infrastructure and budgetary constraints. As a solution, the study proposes a government-led campaign to change attitudes towards waste production and promote recycling. Additionally, a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) should be utilised to develop policies and strategies that encourage private sector involvement in eco-friendly waste management. To further enhance recycling practices, support is needed in transitioning to circular economy waste management practices through regular education and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, IoT technologies have emerged and also it has been widely applicable in the smart city. Smart cities consist of smart governance, smart environment, smart loving, and mobility. Hence, the consideration of waste management becomes a crucial issue in the local and global levels. Moreover, it faces difficulties for handling waste management in smart cities. However, these issues are arising due to the improper collection and disposal approach. Thus, a new model is adapted for the smart IoT based waste management system. In the first phase, the images are obtained through different IoT-based devices. Then, the gathered waste images are processed in the Ensemble Convolutional Neural Network (En-CNN) variants such as Resnet, VGG19, and Inception approach to get the features from the pooling layers. Further, optimal features are chosen using the Hybrid Eurasian Oystercatcher and Sandpiper Optimization Algorithm (HEO-SOA). Then, the fully connected layers of the En-CNN variants are used to perform the waste classification by analyzing the optimal waste features. In the second phase, the trashcan visiting decision is performed. Then, the deep learning technique named Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) assists in detecting the visit period of the trashcan by collecting their historical data and the wastes are collected based on the deep learning decision. In the third phase, the IoT-based optimal routing path protocol considering a multi-objective function is implemented for waste management. This multi-objective function comprises distance, delay, energy, and weights of the waste, which estimates the shortest path of the waste-collecting vehicles toward the appropriate waste centers. The findings of the offered model show 98% in accuracy and sensitivity. The performance of the routing algorithm is then improved by tuning particular constraints by the offered HEO-SOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature review suggests that studies on biomedical waste generation and disposal behaviors in North America are limited. Given the infectious nature of the materials, effective biomedical waste management is vital to the public health and safety of the residents. This study explicitly examines seasonal variations of treated biomedical waste (TBMW) disposal rates in the City of Regina, Canada, from 2013 to 2022. Immediately before the onset of COVID-19, the City exhibited a steady pattern of TBMW disposal rate at about 6.6 kg∙capita−1∙year−1. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and its associated lockdowns brought about an abrupt and persistent decline in TBMW disposal rates. Inconsistent fluctuations in both magnitude and variability of the monthly TBMW load weights were also observed. The TBMW load weight became particularly variable in 2020, with an interquartile range 4 times higher than 2019. The average TBMW load weight was also the lowest (5.1 tonnes∙month−1∙truckload−1) in 2020, possibly due to an overall decline in non-COVID-19 medical emergencies, cancellation of elective surgeries, and availability of telehealth options to residents. In general, the TBMW disposal rates peaked during the summer and fall seasons. The day-to-day TBMW disposal contribution patterns between the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic are similar, with 97.5% of total TBMW being disposed of on fixed days. Results from this Canadian case study indicate that there were observable temporal changes in TBMW disposal behaviors during and after the COVID-19 lockdowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the largest issues facing countries, particularly emerging nations with high population, production, and consumption growth, is an inadequate waste management system (WMS). This paper analyzes the development of the waste management systems of nine capital cities in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region by using a recently developed approach, the Waste Management System–Development Stage Concept. This concept comprises five development stages and various components, including Collection and Transport, Waste Disposal, Energy Recovery, Waste Recycling, and Waste Prevention and Reuse. The findings indicate that in terms of waste collection, waste disposal, and energy recovery, Singapore is at a higher development stage (Stage 5) and is more advanced than other ASEAN cities. For most of the components, Bangkok, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, and Manila fall into stages 2 to 4, whereas the early development stages 1 to 3 are present in Bandar Seri Begawan, Hanoi, Phnom Penh, and Vientiane. The results will be used to determine the next steps in developing the WMSs, including the introduction of separate collection for recycling or the installation of a waste-to-energy plant. The environmental impact of each measure will be later assessed using the LCA approach, and the most effective measures shall be identified in future studies.

Waste management involves the systematic collection, transportation, processing, and treatment of waste materials generated by human activities. It entails a variety of strategies and technologies to diminish environmental impacts, protect public health, and conserve resources. Consequently, providing an effective and comprehensive optimization approach plays a critical role in minimizing waste generation, maximizing recycling and reuse, and safely disposing of waste. This work develops a novel Possibilistic Multi-Objective Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (PMOMILP) model in order to formulate the problem and design a circular–sustainable–reliable waste management network, under uncertainty. The possibility of recycling and recovery are considered across incineration and disposal processes to address the main circular-economy principles. The objectives are to address sustainable development throughout minimizing the total cost, minimizing the environmental impact, and maximizing the reliability of the Waste Management System (WMS). The Lp-metric technique is then implemented into the model to tackle the multi-objectiveness. Several benchmarks are adapted from the literature in order to validate the efficacy of the proposed methodology, and are treated by CPLEX solver/GAMS software in less than 174.70 s, on average. Moreover, a set of sensitivity analyses is performed to appraise different scenarios and explore utilitarian managerial implications and decision aids. It is demonstrated that the configured WMS network is highly sensitive to the specific time period wherein the WMS does not fail.

One of the largest issues facing countries, particularly emerging nations with high population, production, and consumption growth, is an inadequate waste management system (WMS). This paper analyzes the development of the waste management systems of nine capital cities in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region by using a recently developed approach, the Waste Management System–Development Stage Concept. This concept comprises five development stages and various components, including Collection and Transport, Waste Disposal, Energy Recovery, Waste Recycling, and Waste Prevention and Reuse. The findings indicate that in terms of waste collection, waste disposal, and energy recovery, Singapore is at a higher development stage (Stage 5) and is more advanced than other ASEAN cities. For most of the components, Bangkok, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, and Manila fall into stages 2 to 4, whereas the early development stages 1 to 3 are present in Bandar Seri Begawan, Hanoi, Phnom Penh, and Vientiane. The results will be used to determine the next steps in developing the WMSs, including the introduction of separate collection for recycling or the installation of a waste-to-energy plant. The environmental impact of each measure will be later assessed using the LCA approach, and the most effective measures shall be identified in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread illegal disposal of surging construction and demolition waste (CDW) is a prominent threat to recycling, leading to resource wastage and environmental issues. The lack of data is a major barrier to designing an effective waste management system in emerging economies. Employing a mixed-method approach, a cross-sectional case study was conducted on an Indian city to assess the existing system and investigate the root causes of low recycling rates and limited demand for recycled materials. The study finds that (a) illegal disposal is prevalent due to the ''end-of-pipe'' approach of the waste management system, (b) policy enforcement on waste generators is weak, (c) low-rise residential buildings are the major contributor of waste, (d) low demand for recycled material is due to lack of awareness, marketing, incentives, and high costs, (e) transportation costs are 50 % higher than the recycled material cost, and (f) lack of segregation leading to the production of low-value materials. All these factors make recycling unattractive and the circular economy (CE) unfeasible. Stakeholder awareness, a centralized trading platform, and integrated waste management systems are essential to promote recycling and advance SDGs 9, 11, and 12, focusing on industry, sustainable cities, and responsible consumption and production.

Kapur Village is located in Sungai Raya District, Kubu Raya Regency. The existing condition of waste management has not been implemented properly due to the lack of waste management facilities, namely temporary waste disposal and other communal waste containers, so efforts are needed to handle the waste management system, by planning temporary waste disposal 3R plus. The aim of planning is to know, analyse existing condition of management waste, generation size, density, waste composition and planning the 3R temporary waste disposal design. The research method is sampling generation, density and composition of waste according to SNI-19-3964-1994, conducting interviews and questionnaires to obtain selected locations. The resulting waste generation is 0.35 kg/person/day. The density of domestic source waste is 142.09 kg/m3, while the largest density of non-domestic source waste is produced from restaurants at 113.32 kg/m3. The composition of domestic waste is dominated by organic waste with a percentage of 49.3%, while non-domestic waste is dominated by paper waste with a percentage of 30.60%. This 3R plus temporary waste disposal planning requires land of 1,112.3 m2. The planned waste management is is processing organic waste into composting using the hollow brick method, while inorganic waste in the form of plastics and bottles is processed into handicraft products.

Abstract Many countries are under escalating pressure to meet legally binding targets in relation to recycling and waste management. This paper explores how innovative tools, including blockchain, economic incentives, and gamification, encourage consumer adoption of a novel household waste management system. We focus on developing a comprehensive framework that combines UTAUT2 (the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2) with novel features in the waste management context and additional behavioral construct, intention to recommend the system to others. We tested the proposed model using the partial least square structural equation modeling approach based on a survey of 400 respondents. The results indicate that in addition to effort expectancy, social influence, and hedonic motivation, trust, a property of blockchain technology, also impacts the respondent’s behavioral intention to use the new system. Furthermore, trust has a significant effect on both the level of system use and intention to recommend waste management system to others. The role of gamification was identified as a moderator between behavioral intention and system use and between trust and system use but not between system use and facilitating conditions. This result demonstrates that gamification can be valuable to increase adoption in users with otherwise low levels of behavioral intention. However, we did not find a strong link between either economic incentives, facilitating conditions, or performance expectancy and behavioral intention. The paper concludes by presenting the application of the proposed framework and the implications for the design of future consumer-facing waste management systems. The introduction of the novel features such as blockchain and gamification is discussed.

Argon-41 is an essential gaseous radionuclide that must be monitored in gaseous effluents from nuclear facilities. Therefore, a precise evaluation of 41Ar activity is highly desired. Gamma spectroscopy with a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector coupled with a multichannel analyzer (MCA) is one of the widely used techniques for the identification and activity measurements of radioisotopes. However, the efficiency calibration of these kinds of monitoring systems highly depends on the source-detector geometry, and a large amount of uncertainty may complicate the calibration. This paper presents the evaluation of the full peak efficiency of a 2 × 2-in. NaI(Tl) scintillation detector coupled with a stable MCA for a 41Ar source with 1293.5 keV energy in two different source-detector geometries, duct and Marinelli beaker, using the FLUKA code. A new experimental technique is considered to produce 41Ar in a controlled geometry, like a Marinelli beaker, through neutron irradiation of natural argon inside a cyclotron bunker. The simulation data were compared with the experimental results for Marinelli beaker geometry, and the ratio was evaluated as 0.99 ± 0.07. The ratio was considered a scaling factor for the final efficiency calibration of duct geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste disposal and management have always been a problem to people in every part of the world of which Nigeria is not left out. This research work assesses the waste management system in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife focusing on the central campus. It also aims, among others, at determining the quantity of waste generated within the O.A.U campus (per capita waste generation) and projecting toward a period of 10 years, the population of inhabitants with a view to estimating the possible amount of waste that may be generated over the said period. The research was carried out through the administration of questionnaires, interview, observations and field work. Data were collected on the storage, collection and disposal systems. It comprised an estimation of the volume of solid waste generated per capita per day and involved the determination of the number and capacity of refuse storage bins. Necessary information was gathered over the duration which the observation and field work of the research was carried out. The Result reveals that the amount of waste generated per day within the Obafemi Awolowo University Campus is 0.69kg/day = 0.00038m³/day that is judging by the density of municipal solid waste being 1800kg/m³. The result also reveals there is little or no difference comparing the situation of the University fifteen years ago with the present in relation to the way waste is managed and sensitization of the inhabitants of the university campus should not be relented on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As cities worldwide transform into smart interconnected urban environments, the management of municipal waste emerges as a pressing challenge. This paper, offers a sophisticated solution that integrates seamlessly within the concept of smart cities. This system harnesses the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) to optimize waste collection and enhance urban cleanliness. The primary aim of this research is to create a smart waste management system that extends beyond traditional waste bins. It introduces a network of intelligent waste containers equipped with automatic lid control mechanisms that operate based on real-time waste level data. When approaching these bins, the lid control mechanism automatically opens the bin only if the waste level is not full thereby, facilitating convenient waste disposal. In the context of smart cities, this innovative approach presents several advantages. It optimizes waste collection efficiency by prioritizing bins in need of immediate attention and ensures that waste containers are not prematurely emptied, reducing unnecessary waste disposal trips. Moreover, the system enables city authorities to gain insights into waste level trends, fostering data-driven and proactive waste management strategies for a cleaner, more sustainable urban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing level of medical waste generation jeopardizes sanitaryepidemiological and ecological wellbeing of metropilitan areas and urges new aproaches. The article presents an innovative medical waste management system for the Moscow region, that ensures the safety of staff, patients and the general public.

Due to changes in economic development, tourism, and higher consumption, the daily per capita municipal solid waste generation in the city of Dubrovnik is expected to rise. Dubrovnik’s waste largely ends up in landfill, with only a small fraction collected and recovered independently. To minimise negative effects on the environment and society as a whole, it is vital to assess the environmental implications of waste management processes, goods, and services throughout their entire cycles. Using the life-cycle assessment IWM-EPIC/CSR software, this study examined the environmental impacts of Dubrovnik’s municipal solid waste management system. Based on data on Dubrovnik’s waste for 2019, the existing municipal waste management system of Dubrovnik (V1) was reviewed, and three enhanced variations of the municipal solid waste management system (V2, V3, and V4) were taken into consideration. In variants V2, V3, and V4, it was assumed that less municipal waste would be disposed of in favour of type-specific waste collection, processing, and utilisation (such as recycling or energy recovery), as well as the accomplishment of the quantitative and qualitative targets established by the Waste Management Act. After examining and contrasting the effects of various waste management system variations on the environment, it was possible to draw the conclusion that, by implementing variant V4, in which more than 34 % of waste would be recycled, 54 % of biodegradable waste would be composted, more than 3 % of energy would be recovered through cogeneration of heat and electricity, and 8 % of waste would be disposed of at the landfill, all significant negative effects on human health would be mitigated, as would environmental degradation and the extraction of irreversible natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries are under escalating pressure to meet legally binding targets in relation to recycling and waste management. This paper explores how innovative tools, including blockchain, economic incentives, and gamification, encourage consumer adoption of a novel household waste management system. We focus on developing a comprehensive framework that combines UTAUT2 (the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2) with novel features in the waste management context and additional behavioral construct, intention to recommend the system to others. We tested the proposed model using the partial least square structural equation modeling approach based on a survey of 400 respondents. The results indicate that in addition to effort expectancy, social influence, and hedonic motivation, trust, a property of blockchain technology, also impacts the respondent's behavioral intention to use the new system. Furthermore, trust has a significant effect on both the level of system use and intention to recommend waste management system to others. The role of gamification was identified as a moderator between behavioral intention and system use and between trust and system use but not between system use and facilitating conditions. This result demonstrates that gamification can be valuable to increase adoption in users with otherwise low levels of behavioral intention. However, we did not find a strong link between either economic incentives, facilitating conditions, or performance expectancy and behavioral intention. The paper concludes by presenting the application of the proposed framework and the implications for the design of future consumer-facing waste management systems. The introduction of the novel features such as blockchain and gamification is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water quality evaluation is a progressively significant area in environmental research and developing sustainable solutions. Evaluation of water quality can be a process that includes multiple factors that can be causing an impact on water quality. Academics have developed many assessment indices to intuitively display the environmental waste management system results and water quality evaluation. Environmental waste management encourages industrial garbage's safe handling and use by offering comprehensive, up-to-date information on physicochemical, chemical, and environmental hazards in the sugar, pulp, and paper industries, tanning, distilling, fabrics, petroleum hydrocarbons, and agrochemical industries. The environmental waste management system's challenging characteristics include the subsequent produce having a reduced life span and hazardous waste management spaces. The notices that are not completed consistently are considered the vital factor. In this paper, the Multi-Criteria Generic Evaluation Sustainable Approach (MCGESA) has been proposed to improve the resultant product's quality, support environmental-friendly practices water quality, and reduce the globe's temperature to develop a sustainable solution the environmental waste management system. Partial sustainable product analysis is implemented to replace the disposal items with reusable items and maintain eco-friendly recycled products to develop the environmental waste management system. Municipal life cycle assessment is integrated with MCGESA to strengthen uniformity in waste management practices that help to develop integrated environmental waste management systems with a sustainable solution. The simulation analysis is executed based on economic, ecological, and efficiency analysis, proving the suggested framework's reliability using SWR. HIGHLIGHTS A Multi-Criteria Generic Evaluation Sustainable Approach is proposed to manage environmental waste.; Partial sustainable product analysis is implemented.; A simulation analysis is executed to test the new framework.;

In most settlements of Ukraine there are no existing programs for municipal solid waste management (MSW) and schemes for sanitary cleaning of settlements, there are no registers of waste generation, treatment and disposal and disposal sites, which leads to the formation of landfills, deteriorating sanitation settlements and increase the level of environmental danger in the region. The article presents the results of research that indicate that the existing structure of the MSW management system in Ukraine at the regional level (on the example of Zhytomyr region) is imperfect. It is characterized by fragmentation, disunity and heterogeneity. The peculiarity of the system is the lack of interaction between government agencies, environmental services and the local community, which does not provide a sufficient level of control over the sanitary condition of territories, as well as collection, transportation, disposal and disposal of solid waste. The aim of the study is to strategically analyze the preconditions for the implementation of municipal solid waste management systems to increase the level of environmental safety in the united territorial communities through the introduction of environmental logistics and crowdsourcing mechanisms. The methodological basis for assessing and selecting methods and ways to improve the environmental safety of the study region by improving the waste management system (hereinafter - waste management) is a systematic approach that allows analysis of the problem and ensures search efficiency for management decisions. The SWOT and PEST analysis identified the strengths and weaknesses of the existing waste management system and the prerequisites for the implementation of a modern system of solid waste management. The increase in the number of business structures that are ready and able to implement modern methods of waste disposal and identified the availability of modern innovative management methods in public authorities and local governments. However, the low efficiency of the existing waste management system, the lack of communication and coordination of actions between stakeholders in solving the problem pose a threat to maintaining the environmental security of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive accumulation of rubber waste necessitates the need to revisit the effectiveness of the existing rubber waste management system. This review provides an overview of the legislative frameworks, techniques, challenges, and trends of rubber waste management in various countries. The 4R (reduce, reuse, recycle and recover) framework applied in waste management system in some countries appears to be viable for the processing of rubber waste. Certain countries especially some of the European Union (EU) members have implemented extended producer responsibility (EPR) system to manage the collection of rubber waste, particularly used tires. The processing of rubber waste in each level of the 4R hierarchy was then discussed, with detailed elaboration on the most practiced 'R', recycling which encompasses the direct recycling of products, as well as material recycling via physical and/or chemical means. The challenges faced in the implementation of rubber waste management system in different countries were highlighted and recommendations for a more sustainable rubber consumption were provided at the end of this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of fossil-based pollution, bio-plastics have risen in use in a wide range of applications. The current waste management system still has some weakness for bio-plastics waste (BPW) treatment, and quantitative data is lacking. This study combines environmental and economic assessments in order to indicate the most sustainable and suitable BPW management treatment between organic, plastic and mixed wastes. For the scope, the carbon footprint of each scenario was calculated by life cycle assessment (LCA), while the total cost of the waste management system was used as an economic parameter. The economic evaluation revealed that the organic, plastic and mixed waste treatment routes reached a total cost of 120.35, 112.21 and 109.43 EUR, respectively. The LCA results showed that the incomplete degradation of BPW during anaerobic digestion and composting led to the disposal of the compost produced, creating an environmental burden of 324.64 kgCO2-Eq. for the organic waste treatment route, while the mixed and plastic treatment routes obtained a benefit of −87.16 and −89.17 kgCO2-Eq. respectively. This study showed that, although the current amount of BPW does not affect the treatment process of organic, plastic and mixed wastes, it can strongly affect the quality of the output, compromising its further reuse. Therefore, specific improvement of waste treatment should be pursued, particularly with regard to the anaerobic digestion of organic waste, which remains a promising technology for BPW treatment.

• A three-dimensional model of the NuScale Power Module™ is developed for the Serpent Monte-Carlo code. • Burn-up calculations are performed to obtain an equilibrium core. • Activation analysis of metallic components in the core region is performed. • Energy-equivalent volumes of long-lived intermediate-level decommissioning waste are calculated. • Technically, decommissioning waste from the NuScale Power Module™ would be suitable for the Swedish waste management system. Recently, several countries, including Sweden, have begun investigating the deployment of Small Modular Reactors. Licensing documentation for new reactors must include (preliminary) waste management and decommissioning plans. For light water reactors, the majority of the long-lived radioactive waste from their decommissioning consists of neutron-activated metallic components in the core region, the reactor internals and the reactor pressure vessel. Usually, this waste is planned to be disposed of in geological repositories, and the long-term safety after closure of Sweden's operating and planned repositories is mainly determined by their inventory of the long-lived radioisotopes C-14, Ni-59, and Ni-63. In this study, a three-dimensional model of NuScale's Power Module™, a light-water small modular reactor, was created using Serpent 2, a multi-purpose three-dimensional continuous-energy neutron and photon transport code. The model consists of the nuclear core and surrounding metallic components. Based on burn-up calculations, the neutron flux in the equilibrium core was obtained. From the neutron flux, the cumulative concentrations for a range of relevant short- and long-lived radioisotopes were calculated in the metallic structures in the core region after 60 years of operation. The average specific activity of the selected radionuclides in the different components of the NuScale Power Module was calculated and compared to the activities in existing or anticipated decommissioning waste from Swedish reactors to evaluate the suitability of the Power Module's decommissioning waste for the Swedish waste management system. This study indicates that a single NuScale Power Module™ could generate between 1.08 and 2.13 m3 metallic LL-ILW/ GW el -year, i.e., radiologically suitable for disposal in the planned Swedish geological repository for long-lived, intermediated-level radioactive waste. These energy-equivalent volumes are estimated to be somewhat larger than those anticipated for the three existing large Pressurized Water Reactors at the Ringhals site in Sweden. However, the large reactors give rise to additional 4.26 m3 of concrete LL-ILW/GW el -year to be disposed of in the aforementioned repository. In conclusion, if NuScale's Power Module™ were to be considered for deployment in Sweden, its decommissioning waste would technically be suitable for the current waste management system. Still, additional studies would be required to determine the optimal disposal route for components situated further away from the nuclear core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the rise in waste, both developed and developing countries' municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal systems are overburdened. The increased inflow of used plastic water bottles has rendered the situation difficult. Plastic usage in several forms is becoming indispensable in daily life, despite its harmful effects on humans and animals in general. Government bodies are eager to cut plastic usage in several forms, but the manufacturing costs and selling prices make it difficult to replace plastic with materials that are safe for living bodies. One such problem lies in the form of the water bottle. The use of plastic in water bottles is much more common in Gulf countries because of their geographical position and the scarcity of potable water. The large amount of plastic waste created by used water bottles is a very critical issue, as it has a severe environmental effect and is a hurdle in efforts to foster sustainable development and green initiatives. The present research undertook an empirical investigation on plastic waste issues, environmental concerns, and various mitigating initiatives. It further investigated the waste management system using closed-loop recycling for water bottles as an efficient means of managing MSW and protecting the environment in the UAE. A survey was initiated and distributed among the UAE population to study the feasibility of building such a system. The responses to the plastic waste issue and mitigating solutions were found to be encouraging. The statistical analysis showed a higher mean value of up to 4.47 on the 5-point Likert scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, identification and management of illegal dump sites has been a global challenge. In this study, satellite imagery and geographic information system were used to map potential illegal dump sites (PIDS). An original analytical approach was developed to identify PIDS using a set of remote sensing indices and vector files. The Network Analysis tool was used to prioritize PIDS considering driving distance between PIDS and neighboring populated points. A total of five variables (Landfills, LST, HCHO, Highways, and EVI) were considered. A study area in Saskatchewan, Canada, was selected, and the identified PIDS account for about 37.3% of the total area. Road network intensity and accessibility appear important to the occurrence of PIDS. Overall road densities in identified PIDS ranged from 0.098 to 0.251 km/km2. All five variables have observable effects on the occurrence of PIDS; however, LST and highways are recommended for future studies due to their higher membership grade and spatial sensitivity. The combination of multiple remote sensing indices and network analysis on PIDS prioritization is advantageous. The proposed PIDS mapping and prioritization method can be easily employed elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural residents have a low level of concern in disposing of waste. This research aimed to obtain an IoT-based method of placing smart waste bins in rural areas. This paper presents a clustering method from the position and distance of each household (LoRa node) to the IoT server point (LoRa gateway) for each available cluster in rural areas. First, determine the number of clusters. Secondly, take the geographic data of each household and measure the household's distance to the IoT server. Thirdly, determine the mean value of the distance of each cluster, and fourthly choosing a household for Smart waste bins placement with how to assess the similarity of the distance of the household's point to the IoT server with the mean value of all the distances in the cluster. The closest similarity is obtained by squaring the value of the result of subtracting the mean by the distance from each household's point to the IoT server, and choosing the smallest value available. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that obtained a method to determine the significance of placing smart waste bins based on IoT, especially for rural areas that use the LoRa network. This research has a Good enough cluster after calculating the DBI value. The obtained method has the prospect that can use it to place any object other than the waste bin, where the desired things are at their centroid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household solid waste (HSW) is the largest municipal solid waste (MSW) produced in Harare. This type of waste is poorly managed, driven by various factors. To inform future studies towards designing more informed solutions to HSW management in the city, this literature study was formulated. The review aims to uncover the causes of poor HSW management in the city. The systematic review methodology using NVIVO was used to develop the review. The results showed that the most reported causes of poor HSW management and waste management system inefficiencies in Harare are increase in population and population density, poor formal solid waste disposal, increase in waste volumes, informal waste disposal, low waste collection frequency and efficiency, municipal incapacitation, among others. Future studies can utilize these results to estimate the complexity of this phenomenon and thus propose appropriate solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of fossil-based pollution, bio-plastics have risen in use in a wide range of applications. The current waste management system still has some weakness for bio-plastics waste (BPW) treatment, and quantitative data is lacking. This study combines environmental and economic assessments in order to indicate the most sustainable and suitable BPW management treatment between organic, plastic and mixed wastes. For the scope, the carbon footprint of each scenario was calculated by life cycle assessment (LCA), while the total cost of the waste management system was used as an economic parameter. The economic evaluation revealed that the organic, plastic and mixed waste treatment routes reached a total cost of 120.35, 112.21 and 109.43 EUR, respectively. The LCA results showed that the incomplete degradation of BPW during anaerobic digestion and composting led to the disposal of the compost produced, creating an environmental burden of 324.64 kgCO2-Eq. for the organic waste treatment route, while the mixed and plastic treatment routes obtained a benefit of −87.16 and −89.17 kgCO2-Eq. respectively. This study showed that, although the current amount of BPW does not affect the treatment process of organic, plastic and mixed wastes, it can strongly affect the quality of the output, compromising its further reuse. Therefore, specific improvement of waste treatment should be pursued, particularly with regard to the anaerobic digestion of organic waste, which remains a promising technology for BPW treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A waste reform was recently introduced in Russia to divert waste from landfills. To help advance the reform, this paper presents a life cycle assessment of the municipal solid waste management system in Russia's second largest city—Saint Petersburg—and its neighboring Leningrad region. Five scenarios were evaluated: the current state of the system (S0), its expected post-reform state in 2024 (S1), and its state improved by increased landfill gas collection (S2), by increased waste incineration (S3), and by separate collection of waste (S4). The environmental impact was assessed in terms of climate change, acidification, eutrophication, and abiotic resource depletion (fossil fuels). The results showed an overall reduction in the environmental impact of the waste management system across all impact categories and all scenarios studied. The largest reduction in all impact categories (except abiotic resource depletion) was achieved through source separation of municipal solid waste. Particularly, global warming potential was reduced from 0.328 kg CO2-eq./kg waste generated in S0 to 0.010 kg CO2-eq./kg waste in S4. Regarding abiotic resource depletion potential (fossil fuels), the incineration scenario is the most beneficial, since it reduces the impact by 573%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of waste services in rural areas forces locals to process waste conventionally and eventually damage the environment. Solid waste management in the rural area of developing countries has been less documented widely, in contrast to urban areas. This paper presents the descriptive analysis of rural solid waste management in the Southern Zone of Gunungkidul Regency (SZGR) that has grown in population and economy due to tourism development and accessibility quality improvement. The field survey was conducted in 18 randomly selected villages. 43 key informants were given structured questions related to operational, regulation, institutional, financing, and community participation in the waste management system. Relevant documents and reports were collected from relevant agencies. Primary and secondary data in the form of text, tables, graphs, and images were then analysed by qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the locals manage their waste by burning and dumping it in the backyard and illegally stockpiling. This conventional processing is due to the absence of regulations governing waste management at the village level. The organization responsible for waste management is The Cleanliness and Landscaping Technical Executor Unit. They only serve and collect levy fees in tourist areas and several public markets. Locals need socialization and assistance so that they can be independent in waste management. The rural solid waste management system in the SZGR has various weaknesses in every aspect. The formulation of ideal rural solid waste management requires a different approach from urban areas. Socio-cultural conditions and characteristics of the waste produced can be a consideration and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to systematize the main problems of implementing producer’s extended responsibility in the field of waste management and to propose ways to solve them.Methods: when writing the article, we used philosophical and general scientific methods of abstraction, analysis, synthesis, and system approach.Results: producer’s extended responsibility has proven to be an effective tool that affects the development of waste management systems. Since 2015, it has been successfully applied in Russia. The article discusses the concept of producer’s extended responsibility (PER), the principles of its implementation, and its application abroad. The main stages of PER system formation in Russia are determined, the main provisions of the normative acts regulating PER are analyzed, the opportunities and constraints to implement the Strategy of Ecological Safety of the Russian Federation up to 2025 are identified. It is shownthat the current practice of PER fulfillment, namely, ecological fee collection and transfer of funds to the state municipal processor, actually nullifies all attempts to modernize the system for processing industrial waste and, moreover, creates prerequisites for increasing transaction costs of enterprises and the population.Scientific novelty: the first results of the introduction of goods producers and importers’ extended responsibility for the waste generated in the Russian regions are analyzed and conclusions are drawn about the causes of problems with its implementation. It is stated that the original goals of Strategy adopted in 2015 should be returned.Practical significance: the research results can become the basis for further studies of the economic efficiency of waste processing and improving the environmental strategy of the government.

A large waste management system becomes inevitable for a campus due to its population and various activities. Therefore, developing and implementing a waste minimization plan to encourage sustainable campus practices is challenging. Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), with its nickname as a green campus, certainly has more attention to a sustainable ecological balance, as proved by UMY’s inclusion in the UI Green Metric World University Ranking, focusing on energy use, water use, waste treatment, transportation, and infrastructure. In 2020, UMY won 137th place after competing with 912 universities in 85 countries. This paper would like to analyze the stakeholder’s engagement in waste management systems to achieve a sustainable campus, choosing UMY as a single case study. This study utilized a qualitative research method with a case study design. Data were gathered through an in-depth-interview and documentation. The findings of this study identify strategies implemented by the stakeholders in managing waste in the university environments, including waste separation, waste collection and disposal, waste transportation, and waste processing and recycling. In addition, the findings reinforce the role of the stakeholders as the key, primary, and secondary stakeholders in waste management towards achieving a sustainable green campus.

• We applied a sustainability framework to assess the OFMSW management in EU cities. • Solutions for the prevention, collection and treatment of OFMSW are assessed. • Food waste prevention improves the performance of all the areas of protection. • Trade-offs can jeopardise improvements when increasing separate collection. This study focuses on a comprehensive sustainability assessment of the management of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in Ghent (Belgium), Hamburg (Germany) and Pécs (Hungary). A sustainability assessment framework has been applied to analyse social, environmental, and economic consequences at the midpoint level (25 impact categories) and at the endpoint level (5 areas-of-protection). For each case study, the reference scenario was analysed, along with three solutions to improve the sustainability performance, which were selected and developed with the collaboration of local stakeholders. The solutions focus on food waste prevention, collection (increasing separate collection and household composting) and/or valorisation treatment (insect breeding, bioplastic production and improvement of centralised treatment). The results show that food waste prevention results in substantial improvements in all areas of protection when a significant quantity of food is saved. Solutions proposing innovative treatments such as insect breeding do not show clear improvements at the endpoint level, given current technology development level, but appear promising for some categories such as Revenues, Ecotoxicity, Land Use or Particulate Matter if the substituted products compensate the impact of the treatment (e.g., energy and water use). Enhancing the separate collection of organic waste can improve sustainability, but trade-offs may arise, e.g., decreased environmental savings from energy recovery at incineration. For this, the influence of the electricity mix (more or less decarbonised) should be carefully considered in future studies. The application of the solutions proposed to other cities should also consider potential bottlenecks such as legislation barriers, public acceptance, or management costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/background: The problem of municipal waste management is an increasingly popular topic. The overproduction of waste is dangerous for human health, but also for the whole environment. For this reason, the coordination of the municipal waste management process is important for the general public, but at the same time it is not an easy process and involves many organisational and social challenges. Aim of the paper: The aim of the paper is to identify problems occurring in the process of municipal waste management together with a proposal for improvement measures. Materials and methods: The paper was prepared on the basis of a critical review of the literature and an interview conducted with 9 employees of the Town Office in Wodzisław Śląski. The article was created on the basis of the diploma thesis. Results and conclusions: As a result, the issues of municipal waste management were described, the process of municipal waste management in the municipality of Wodzisław Śląski was characterised, disturbances in the process were detected and improvements correcting the occurring errors were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste management system is a complex system involving numerous waste streams, collection schemes, treatment processes and various actors. Bus as well as many other systems, waste management is recently experiencing new and more sustainable development trends including the promotion of circular economy and increased material recycling. Hence there is a need for the implementation of an improved waste management system that requires a significant and thorough planning stage, the results of which will significantly depend on the availability of detailed information of the possible waste flows and waste composition. The aim of this paper is to experimentally determine and analyse the composition of unsorted municipal waste to provide assessment for incorporating waste composition analysis into further planning and modelling of a next generation waste management system in Latvia. The experimental results indicate that the unsorted municipal waste stream comprises of up to 32.9 % of recyclable materials and 29.2 % of biodegradable wastes. Thus almost 60 % of the waste currently being subjected to unsorted waste management system in Latvia could potentially be source separated ensuring higher quality of the recovered materials and promoting circular value chains. The results indicate a slight difference between waste composition in different waste management regions, thus noting that, in addition to the number of inhabitants and their habits, the local system in each waste management region may influence the composition of the collected wastes.