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6. Hepatitis B and C viral coinfection and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending ART clinics of Afar regional state, northeast Ethiopia.

Author

Hagos, Yemane Mengsteab, Yalew, Gebrehiwet Tesfay, Meles, Hadush Negash, Tsegay, Ephrem, Lemelem, Mulu, and Wasihun, Araya Gebreyesus

Subjects
VIRAL hepatitis, HEPATITIS B, HEPATITIS associated antigen, HIV-positive persons, MIXED infections, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay
Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) coinfection are the major causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The burden of hepatitis among HIV-positive individuals has not been studied in the Afar region. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV coinfection and associated factors among HIV-positive patients in Afar Regional State, northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 477 HIV-positive patients between February 2019 and May 2019. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and associated factors. Five milliliters of blood was collected, and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibodies were detected using rapid test kits. Positive samples were confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05. Results: Among the 477 study participants, 320/477(67.1%) of them were females and 157(32.9%) males. The overall prevalence of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was 25(5.2%) and 7(1.5%), respectively. Multi-sexual practice was significantly associated with HIV-HBV coinfection (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.2–24.4, P = 0.032). Conclusion: The prevalence of both HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was intermediate. Multi-sexual practice was significantly associated with HIV-HBV coinfection. Screening of all HIV-positive patients for HBV and HCV and health education regarding the transmission modes should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. The impact of war on HIV/AIDS service provision: In rural health facilities of Tigray, northern Ethiopia, a cross-sectional study

Author

Weledegebriel, Migbnesh Gebremedhin, primary, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, additional, Gidey, Kidu, additional, Bisrat, Haileselassie, additional, Gebru, Tekae, additional, Tsegay, Niguse, additional, Abera, Bisrat Tesfay, additional, Gebremeskel, Hailay, additional, Asmerom, Demoze, additional, Gebreweld, Angesom, additional, Miruts, Fikadu, additional, Wasihun, Araya Gebreyesus, additional, Hagos, Kiflom, additional, and Gebrehiwet, Tesfay Gebregzabher, additional

Published
2023
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11. Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Author

Dejene,Tsehaye, Hailu,Genet, Kahsay,Atsebaha, Wasihun,Araya, Dejene,Tsehaye, Hailu,Genet, Kahsay,Atsebaha, and Wasihun,Araya

Abstract

Tsehaye Asmelash Dejene,1,2 Genet Gebrehiwet Hailu,1 Atsebaha Gebrekidan Kahsay,1 Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun1 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aksum University, Axum, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Atsebaha Gebrekidan Kahsay, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, P. O. Box: 1871, Mekelle, Tigrai, Ethiopia, Email atsebaha.gebrekidan@mu.edu.etBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global health problem. While childhood TB contributes 10% to the global TB burden, the paucibacillary nature of TB disease in children and the absence of reliable diagnostic methods have made MTB diagnosis in children to be a great challenge. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MTB and rifampicin-resistant MTB (RR-MTB) among children using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Tigray, Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective database study was conducted among children in ten governmental hospitals in the Tigray region. Gene Xpert MTB/RIF results of sputum/gastric lavage samples from children with presumptive TB from January 2016 to December 2019 were extracted using a data extraction sheet. Data were collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21.Results: The prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed MTB by Gene-Xpert in children with presumptive TB was 7.3% (95% CI: 6.7%− 7.9%) and the proportion of those that were Gene-Xpert MTB positive who also have rifampicin resistance was 10.9% (95% CI: 8.2– 13.6%). Older children aged 11– 15 years [AOR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.33– 2.33, p < 0.001] and adolescents 16– 17 years [AOR = 2.18; 95% CI = 1.63– 2.92, p < 0.001] were more likely to be MTB positive. Relapse cases [AOR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.09– 2.51, p = 0.017] and lost/failure cases [AOR = 8.82; 95% CI = 3.94–

Published
2023

15. The Impact of War on HIV/AIDS Service Provision: in Rural Health Facilities of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Author

Weledegebriel, Migbnesh Gebremedhin, primary, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, additional, Gidey, Kidu, additional, Bisrat, Haileselassie, additional, Gebru, Tekae, additional, Tsegay, Niguse, additional, Abera, Bisrat Tesfay, additional, Gebremeskel, Hailay, additional, Asmerom, Demoze, additional, Gebreweld, Angesom, additional, Miruts, Fikadu, additional, Wasihun, Araya Gebreyesus, additional, Hagos, Kiflom, additional, and Gebrehiwet, Tesfay Gebregzabher, additional

Published
2022
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26. Prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Rifampicin-Resistant MTB) and Associated Risk Actors Among Pulmonary Presumptive TB Patients in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia: 2015–2019

Author

Wasihun, Araya Gebreyesus, Hailu, Genet Gebrehiwet, and Dejene, Tsehaye Asmelash

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem, mainly in resource-limited settings. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of TB and rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis(RR-MTB) among presumptive tuberculosis patients using Xpert MTB/RIF assay in Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among presumptive TB patients from three governmental hospitals in Amhara Regional State. Records of sputum sample results using Xpert MTB/RIF assay from January 2015 to December 2019 were investigated from registration books and analyzed using SPSS v.21. Results: Of the total of 26,656 (24,116 adults and 2540 children) TB presumptive patients included in the study, more than half, 14,624 (54.9%), were males and the median age was 36.87 (interquartile: 25.46–50.85 years). The majority of participants were new cases, 20,273 (76.1%), and with unknown HIV status, 18,981 (71.2%), respectively. MTB prevalence was 11% (95% CI: 9.34–12.08%) in all age groups, and 7.6% (95% CI 6.52–9.04%) among children. Of the MTB confirmed cases, prevalence of RR-MTB was 245 (8.3%) in adults and 14 (7.2%) in children. MTB infection was higher in the age groups of 18–35 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.86–2.54, p&lt; 0.001], 36–53 years (AOR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.11–1.54, p&lt; 0.001), those who were relapse cases (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.69–2.27, p &lt; 0.0010), and failure cases (AOR = 4.67; 95% CI 3.36–6.50, p&lt; 0.001). However, the age groups of 54–71 years (AOR = 0.79; 95% CI 0.65–0.95, p= 0.01) and over 71 years (AOR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.35–0.68, p &lt; 0.001) were associated with lower MTB infection. Resistance to rifampicin was higher in the relapsed (AOR = 2.10; 95% CI 1.40–3.03, p&lt; 0.001) and failure cases (AOR = 3.50; 95% CI 1.9–6.61, p&lt; 001). Conclusion: Prevalence of MTB and RR-MTB low. TB infection was higher in adult age groups and those who had previous TB treatment history. Similarly, resistance to rifampicin was higher among the relapsed and failure patients. Appropriate measurements in monitoring of TB treatment could reduce TB and RR-MTB in the study area.

Published
2021
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