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3. Dielectrophoretic liquid actuation and nanodroplet formation.

Author

Jones, T. B., Gunji, M., Washizu, M., and Feldman, M. J.

Subjects
DIELECTROPHORESIS, ELECTRON-hole droplets
Abstract

Water, like any polarizable medium, responds to a nonuniform electric field by collecting preferentially in regions of maximum field intensity. This manifestation of dielectrophoresis (DEP) makes possible a variety of microelectromechanical liquid actuation schemes. In particular, we demonstrate a new class of high-speed DEP actuators, including "wall-less" flow structures, siphons, and nanodroplet dispensers that operate with water. Liquid in these microfluidic devices rests on a thin, insulating, polyimide layer that covers the coplanar electrodes. Microliter volumes of water, deposited on these substrates from a micropipette, are manipulated, transported, and subdivided into droplets as small as ∼7 nl by sequences of voltage application and appropriate changes of electrode connections. The finite conductivity of the water and the capacitance of the dielectric layer covering the electrodes necessitate use of rf voltage above ∼60 kHz. A simple RC circuit model explains this frequency-dependent behavior. DEP actuation of small water volumes is very fast. We observe droplet formation in less than 0.1 s and transient, voltage-driven movement of water fingers at speeds exceeding 5 cm/s. Such speed suggests that actuation can be accomplished using preprogrammed, short applications of the rf voltage to minimize Joule heating. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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5. [Untitled]

Author

Washizu T, Toshiro Arai, Masahide Nakamura, Suzuki E, Tsuruno S, Nakajo S, Izawa N, and Washizu M

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, CATS, General Veterinary, General Medicine, Biology, Isozyme, Malate dehydrogenase, Molecular biology, Peripheral blood, Peripheral, Isoenzyme pattern, Cytosol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, Lactate dehydrogenase, medicine
Abstract

The activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the pattern of the isoenzymes of LDH were determined in the peripheral blood leukocytes of dogs, rabbits and cats. Rabbits had significantly higher plasma glucose concentrations than dogs or cats. Feline leukocytes showed higher LDH and lower MDH activities than canine or rabbit leukocytes. The M/L ratio, defined as the MDH activity divided by the LDH activity in cytosolic fractions, was considered to be a good indicator with which to evaluate the metabolic state in animal tissues. The M/L ratio was highest in canine and lowest in feline leukocytes. LDH-2 and LDH-3 isoenzymes were dominant in canine leukocytes. LDH-1 and LDH-2 were dominant in rabbit leukocytes, whereas LDH-5 was dominant in feline leukocytes. It was evident that there were significant differences in energy metabolism between the leukocytes of dogs, rabbits and cats.

Published
2002

9. Self-assembly method of linearly aligning ZnO quantum dots for a nanophotonic signal transmission device

Author

Yatsui, T., Ryu, Y., Morishima, T., Nomura, W., Kawazoe, T., 1000090284538, Yonezawa, T., Washizu, M., Fujita, H., Ohtsu, M., Yatsui, T., Ryu, Y., Morishima, T., Nomura, W., Kawazoe, T., 1000090284538, Yonezawa, T., Washizu, M., Fujita, H., and Ohtsu, M.

Abstract

We report a self-assembly method that aligns nanometer-sized quantum dots (QDs) into a straight line along which photonic signals can be transmitted by optically near-field effects. ZnO QDs were bound electrostatically to DNA to form a one-dimensional QD chain. The photoluminescence intensity under parallel polarization excitation along the QDs chain was much greater than under perpendicular polarization excitation, indicating an efficient signal transmission along the QD chain. As optical near-field energy can transmit through the resonant energy level, nanophotonic signal transmission devices have a number of potential applications, such as wavelength division multiplexing using QDs of different sizes.

Published
2010

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