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Sports have become an integral part of the developmental experience of many of today's youth. Since the implementation of Title IX, more young girls and women have begun to play sports and see those sports as a possible career path. Tennis, basketball and soccer all have professional sports leagues for women, and many more sports offer women the ability to pursue their dreams through the highest levels of competition like swimming, gymnastics, track and field, volleyball, etc. However, this increased participation in athletics has come with an increase in sports injuries. One injury in particular has been troublesome for women--the torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). While many male athletes have torn their ACLs, it may come as a surprise that women are anywhere from four to ten times more likely to suffer from the debilitating injury than their male counterparts. This propensity toward torn ACLs in women has become a problem that has exploded over the past years as sports medicine and training have caught up to the number of participants. In this article, the author discusses why female athletes have a higher rate of ACL injury than their male counterparts.

Objective: To develop a bioreactor for automated culture, maintenance, and collection of normal human keratinocytes using an enzyme-free propagation method. Methods: The culture of normal human epithelial keratinocytes was compared in two culture methods - a study team-developed automated bioreactor utilising an enzyme-free passage method, and a manual culture method. Cell size, glucose utilisation, and the proliferative capacity of the two cultures were evaluated. Results: An automated bioreactor, not using enzymes for passage, but instead using the novel Epithelial Pop Up Keratinocytes (ePUK)1 culture technique, resulted in an extended culture longevity and proliferative capacity in normal primary human keratinocytes. Daughter cells were collected up to three times per day utilising the bioreactor. The daughter cells produced by the bioreactor were smaller than daughter cells produced by the manual culture method. The proliferative capacity and health of the parent monolayer within both the bioreactor and the manual culture flask was dependent upon sufficient glucose availability. Due to the contact inhibition nature of epithelial keratinocytes, the bioreactor enabled the study of an adherent cell type soon after cytokinesis and before the cell has integrated as part of an adherent matrix. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that increasing the number of media changes per day as necessary, based on glucose utilisation, is necessary for prolonged longevity and functional productivity of ePUK cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on a meeting on the demand and supply aspects of the market for economists in the U.S. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together a group of specialists from the academic, business, and government sectors of the economy who are actively engaged in recruiting economists or training economists for professional careers or who are vitally interested in the labor market for economists and to afford an opportunity to exchange experiences and pool information useful in helping to solve immediate problems. The difficulty which the International Cooperation Administration (ICA) was experiencing in filling a number of critical hard-to-fill jobs in overseas economic missions provided the immediate stimulus for organizing this meeting. The ICA jobs were of such a special character, calling for the services of formally trained economists and so attractive and so challenging, that one would have expected a waiting list of applicants instead of the need of an organized search for men.